Instructions for filling out the balance form. What is a balance sheet for dummies

Balance sheet- this is one of the most important financial documents of any enterprise, which, along with the income statement, can reveal to the investor a lot important information about the enterprise. This document may also be called simply a balance sheet. If the company is foreign or reports in English, then in foreign reporting this document is called balance sheet (balance sheet).

Analysis balance sheet- This is the most important stage of the financial analysis of the enterprise. At this stage, the analyst answers the following questions:

What is the financial stability of the enterprise;

Does the company have liquidity problems;

How effectively the company uses borrowed and equity capital;

What is the structure of the company's assets and others.

In this article, we will consider the composition of the balance sheet of the enterprise, describe the most important sections and articles. We will also analyze the key financial analysis ratios that any investor needs to know and understand.

The balance sheet of an enterprise can be found in the company's financial statements according to RAS standards (Russian standards accounting) or IFRS ( international standards financial reporting). Any public company whose shares are traded on stock exchange is obliged to disclose its statements to the public on special websites for the disclosure of such information (for example, disclosure.ru) or on its website.

Typically, such information is located on the company's website in the "shareholders and investors" section. The example below shows how to find reporting on the website of MMC Norilsk Nickel:

We wrote in more detail about what types of reporting are, when and where they are published in the article "". For investment purposes, it is preferable to analyze IFRS statements. The balance sheet in such reporting is usually the second document in a row (after the income statement) and looks like this:

Balance sheet structure

There are two main sections in the balance sheet: "Assets" and "Capital and Liabilities" (in Russian accounting standards, this section is also called "Liabilities"). Assets show all the property that belongs to the enterprise from buildings and equipment to cash in current accounts. And liabilities (capital and liabilities) show the sources of financing assets, i.e. how all this property was acquired: at the expense of own funds(capital) or through borrowing (liabilities). Assets should always equal liabilities, hence the name "balance sheet". In fact, assets and liabilities work like 2 sides of the same coin, assets show some real, material objects, and liabilities reveal the financial background: how these objects were acquired (at their own expense or at the expense of borrowed funds).

In the above balance sheet of MMC Norilsk Nickel, the assets are equal to 998 billion rubles. At the same time, the section of capital and reserves is equal to only 236.5 billion. This means that assets of only 236.3 billion were financed from their own funds, and the remaining part of the assets of 761.7 billion (998-236.3) was acquired at the expense of borrowed money.

Assets, in turn, are divided into " current assets"and" non-current assets ":

Non-current assets are the assets of the company, the main characteristics of which are a long period of use and high cost. For example, real estate, equipment, long-term investments, etc. Depending on the characteristics of the accounting policy of a particular enterprise, as well as on the reporting standards used (IFRS or RAS), there may be nuances regarding the amount and timing, but in general the essence is this.

Current assets are assets that are consumed in the production process, hence the name "current". For example, stocks of raw materials and materials are constantly consumed and replenished again, i.e. are in circulation. As well as, for example, the cash balances on the company's settlement accounts.

Liabilities are divided into 3 subsections:

Capital and reserves - this section shows the amount of own funds of the company's shareholders invested in the business.

Long-term liabilities - this block reflects the company's borrowed funds and liabilities with maturities of more than 1 year.

Short-term liabilities are liabilities of the company for up to 1 year.

Balance sheet items

IFRS reporting is remarkable in that we can see a detailed transcript for each article and thus understand what is included there. In the case of Russian reporting under RAS, there are no transcripts and you will only have to be guided by the knowledge of what is reflected in which article. This is also fixed and spelled out in the relevant RAS (accounting regulations).

It should be borne in mind that the balance reflects the value of assets and the amount of liabilities on a specific date (this is the end of each quarter - December 31, March 31, June 30 and September 30). Those. it's a cut financial condition enterprises, not the figures of the cumulative total. Based on this, it is important to understand that you cannot add up the numbers in the balance sheet for March 31 and June 30 to get half-year data. The data for June 30 is the data for half a year.

In this article, we will analyze the essence of the main items using the example of the balance sheet of MMC Norilsk Nickel and tell you what exactly they reflect.

Let's start with non-current assets:

Fixed assets are buildings, structures, land, equipment, real estate under construction (so-called construction in progress). This article reflects present value of these assets, which is calculated as the acquisition cost less depreciation.

Depreciation is the gradual write-off of expensive assets into company expenses. For example, a company purchased a machine for 10 million rubles, which will serve it for 10 years. The company has an asset in fixed assets, but at the same time, the company does not write off these costs as expenses immediately (because they are very large), but reflect them gradually as the machine wears out over 10 years. As a result, at the end of the first year, the company will write off 1 million as depreciation, and residual value machine on the balance sheet will remain 9 million and so on every year.

Thus, if we look at this article as analysts and see that it has decreased within 5-10%, this does not mean that the company is selling its property, it is most likely just depreciation. You can always see the exact value of the depreciation amount in the cash flow statement.

Intangible assets are patents, copyrights, licenses, software and other assets that do not have a physical form, but that are of value to the enterprise and are used to conduct its activities. The principles of accounting for such assets are similar to accounting for fixed assets, since the concept of depreciation is also present here.

Investment property is real estate acquired for investment purposes, i.e. for the purpose of resale at a higher price.

Other financial assets - this section reflects loans issued by the company to other enterprises for a long period (more than 1 year), long term investment(e.g. bonds with long maturities), bills of exchange, deposits with long maturities, etc.

Other taxes recoverable - this item reflects overpayments of taxes (excessively paid taxes in previous periods), accrued tax refunds, but not yet credited to the account in the form of cash, VAT refund (which is returned to exporting companies), etc.

Deferred tax assets is an article created in connection with the peculiarities of the Russian tax system. It is considered as part of the income tax, which is “paid in advance”, but will be credited to the company in subsequent payments to the budget. As a result, the company has some non-monetary asset, but which it can later use, reducing its real taxes and saving real cash in future.

Other non-current assets - this item reflects various types of assets that do not fit under other items, but meet the basic criteria for non-current assets for this business (price and long service life). For example, in the balance sheet of Norilsk Nickel we are considering, this item includes semi-finished products purchased as reserves for several years ahead for 49.1 billion rubles.

Current assets:

Stocks - this article reflects the raw materials and materials necessary for production, finished products already manufactured, the cost of products in the production process (the so-called WIP - work in progress).

Trade and other receivables are debts owed by the buyers of the company. Those. funds that should be received by the company in the near future in accordance with the concluded agreements.

Advances issued and deferred expenses are advances paid to other companies for products and services.

Other financial assets - similar to the same item in non-current assets (loans issued, financial investment etc.), only with terms up to 1 year.

Advance payments for income tax - an advance payment by the company to the budget for income tax.

Cash and cash equivalents - cash on current accounts, short-term deposits, demand deposits, cash at the box office, cash in transit (in the process of collection or in the process of transfer from account to account), etc.

Other taxes recoverable - similar to the same item in non-current assets, but with maturities of up to 1 year.

Authorized capital - the initial capital of the company, is registered in the charter and contributed by the founders in money or property during the creation of the organization. The authorized capital of a public company is equal to the par value of all shares.

Share premium is income from the sale of additional shares. It is considered as the difference between the actual sale price at the market price and the par value of the shares. It can be a significant way to increase the company's capital in case the company's shares are rising and you can enter the SPO.

Own shares repurchased from shareholders. The repurchase of shares is reflected in the balance sheet with a minus, since in this case the company repurchases its own shares, which are listed on its balance sheet at par for a higher market price. From a reporting point of view, the transaction looks meaningless, since it formally reduces equity, but from the point of view of company value management, such transactions can be justified, since they reduce the number of shares outstanding and provoke a further increase in the value of shares.

The reserve of accumulated exchange differences - this item is available for organizations with divisions abroad and serves to reflect the exchange differences that appear when the indicators of a foreign division are converted into rubles.

Undestributed profits- retained earnings of the enterprise for previous periods (considered as retained earnings of the enterprise for the previous period + current net profit - dividends payable).

Equity due to shareholders of the parent company and non-controlling interests - these items appear in the balance sheet of the group of companies, which consolidates the balance sheet information for subsidiaries. If the subsidiaries have shares that do not belong to the parent company, they are shown in the general balance sheet in the "non-controlling interests" section, the rest of the capital is shown in the "Capital attributable to shareholders of the parent company" item.

Articles in the sections of long-term and short-term liabilities are almost completely duplicated and have only one difference in terms of liabilities, so let's analyze them all at once:

Credits and loans - this item reflects the company's loans and loans that the company has attracted to finance its activities. Depending on the maturity date, they can be long-term (more than 1 year) and short-term (up to 1 year).

Trade and other accounts payable- debts of the organization to other companies for the provided products and services. As well as loans are divided by terms into long-term and short-term.

Reserves are a part of the company's profit, which is mandatory reserved for various needs, both mandatory and established by the company itself for itself: tax reserves, reserves for social benefits, environmental reserves, reserves for modernization, etc.

Dividends payable - the company's debt to shareholders for the payment of dividends. It arises because there is a time lag between the accrual of dividends and their actual payment - during this time we will see dividend debt on the balance sheet.

Employee benefit liabilities – outstanding wages. The same as with dividends: salary is calculated, for example, on the 30th, and paid on the 5th of the next month, as a result, on the balance sheet we see the amount of temporary salary arrears. If it grows significantly from month to month, this is already an alarming factor.

Deferred tax liabilities - by analogy with the item "deferred tax assets", this item was created to reflect a number of transactions for settlements with tax authorities. This item shows the future tax liabilities of the company, from which it was exempted in the current period, but will be required to pay in the future. In this regard, the company has a debt to the budget.

Income tax liability is a debt to pay already calculated income tax. This article is formed because there is a time lag between the calculation (charge) of the tax and its actual payment.

Other tax liabilities - debt on payment of already calculated and accrued taxes (except income tax).

Other liabilities - other liabilities of the company that did not fall into the previous categories, these may be incl. debt financial instruments.

So, we have analyzed the composition of the key items of the balance sheet. In the case of IFRS reporting, the composition of articles may vary from enterprise to enterprise, but key articles will remain. Key assets include: fixed assets, intangible assets inventory, cash, accounts receivable, authorized capital, retained earnings, loans and borrowings, accounts payable - these are the items that provide the main information for the analyst. It is also worth paying attention to the size of the article - we will only be interested in large articles. Those. if for some article we reflect amounts that are less than 5% of assets, such articles are analyzed last.

If you see articles with large amounts in the IFRS balance sheet, but not described in the examples above, look in the transcript to the report itself. As a rule, there will be a detailed transcript of the content of this article, from which it will become clear what kind of asset or liability it is.

Financial analysis of the balance sheet

Let's analyze the key areas of financial analysis of the balance sheet:

Analysis financial stability companies.

Balance liquidity analysis.

Analysis of the dynamics of balance indicators.

Analysis of the structure of balance indicators.

Analysis of the financial stability of the company

Financial stability shows us how much a company is dependent on borrowed capital. If the dependence is high, this will indicate a lower financial stability; if the dependence is low, then the company has a high level of financial stability. To visually depict the degree of different financial stability of the company, you can present the balance sheet of the organization in the form of blocks as in the figure below.

In the figure, we see how the blocks in the assets and liabilities of the company are compared. Depending on their size, there are several types of financial stability:

Also, for the analysis of financial stability, there are several more indicators, the essence of which is to understand how the company is able to pay off its debts. We analyze all indicators in detail.

Analysis of the liquidity of the company's balance sheet

Liquidity of the company - shows the company's ability to pay off short-term obligations. These figures also complete the picture of the company's financial strength. But if Fin. stability tells us whether the enterprise is stable in principle, then liquidity is a kind of test of the financial condition at the moment - here and now. These indicators make it possible to understand what will happen to the enterprise in the event of a credit force majeure, for example, tomorrow. There are also several indicators of liquidity, but the most popular among financiers are " absolute liquidity” and “quick liquidity”:

The meaning of the indicators is that in the first case we compare the size of our most liquid assets - money, with the total volume of all short-term liabilities and understand how many liabilities the company can close instantly in the event of any force majeure. It is believed that if the absolute liquidity ratio is more than 0.2, this is excellent. In the second case, we take into account not only money, but all the most liquid current assets of the balance sheet, except for stocks. The indicator of quick liquidity is considered good if it is more than 0.6.

In our case with Norilsk Nickel, absolute liquidity is 0.83 (200.2/241), while quick liquidity is 0.98. These are excellent liquidity indicators, which indicate the high financial stability of the company in the short term.

Analysis of the dynamics and structure of balance sheet indicators

An important type of analysis is also understanding the dynamics of indicators. If we see, for example, that a company's assets are growing, this is good, it speaks of the development and growth of the business. However, it is also important that this growth is accompanied by an increase in revenue and profit (we will already be able to see this from the income statement during the conduct).

The dynamics of liabilities indicators also speaks volumes. For example, growth equity will talk about improving the financial stability of the company and this is the most positive characteristic.

It is also worth paying attention to the balance sheet structure - if we see that the relative share of the company's current assets is growing. This may be a negative signal indicating the buildup of excess inventory and inefficient use of the company's working capital.

In liabilities, the structure is also the most important - it shows us what is happening with the financial stability of the company. Growth in the share of equity capital, a decrease in loans, and a decrease in the share of, primarily, short-term liabilities are positive signals. Growth of debts and decrease in the share of capital are negative.

We have considered the key aspects of working with the balance sheet of the enterprise. Balance is really a treasure trove useful information for an analyst and investor who will help us understand how financially stable the company is, whether it is facing bankruptcy or short-term financial problems. This information can be used to make decisions about choosing bonds and stocks. But it is worth remembering that it is important to always conduct a comprehensive analysis of the company's reporting and be sure to also study the income statement indicators that reveal to us the efficiency and profitability of the business.

In our courses, we teach you how to fully analyze companies and show how to apply this information in practice to select the most promising companies for investment. You can get acquainted in more detail with our training materials and get several ready-made analytical methods by visiting ours.

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Profitable investment for you.

All firms, regardless of their legal status and taxation systems are required to submit a balance sheet. In the article, form 1 with line codes (can be downloaded in excel), as well as a sample filling.

Attention! You can fill in the balance sheet online and print it out in the BukhSoft program. Try it for free:

Fill in the balance online

When preparing yourself, you will definitely need a form and a sample of filling out:

Form of balance sheet

This document characterizes the financial position of the company at the reporting date. The Ministry of Finance approved the standard form of the balance sheet on July 2, 2010 by order No. 66n (see Appendix 1). It consists of two parts.

1. Assets. Designed to reflect all property owned by the company, as well as debts of counterparties (for example, fixed assets, intangible assets, inventories, receivables, cash and other assets).
2. Passive. Designed to reflect the sources of assets (for example, authorized or additional capital, borrowed funds, external liabilities).

It is convenient to keep accounting records in. It is suitable for sole proprietorships and LLCs. The program includes uploading postings to 1C and automatic generation of all tax and financial statements. Try it for free:

The totals for the asset and should always be equal to the totals for the liability.

Balance form indicators are divided into groups of articles (for example, "Fixed assets", "Accounts receivable"). The firm has the right to independently detail these indicators, depending on their materiality.

An indicator is considered significant if, without information about it, it is impossible to correctly assess the financial position of the company. The company also has the right to determine the level of materiality independently. Its value must be fixed in accounting policy for accounting purposes.

When detailing the indicator, additional lines are entered under it. They must contain numerical values ​​that include the indicator provided for by the standard form of balance sheet.

Insignificant indicators can be indicated in the balance sheet with a total amount on one line and deciphered in the notes to the balance sheet.

A typical balance sheet looks like this:

In addition, there is a simplified form. It can be used:

• small businesses;
• firms that have the status of a participant in the Skolkovo project;
• NCOs (except those recognized by foreign agents.

It looks like this:

Attention! Submit accounting and tax reporting the accountant's calendar will help you in time.

Check reporting deadlines

Sample balance sheet

Fill out form 1 as follows:

Where to get indicators to fill out the balance sheet

In the table below, we have collected data to complete the balance sheet.

Balance item	Standard form line code	Information to fill
I. Non-current assets
Intangible assets		Difference in account balances: 04 (excluding R&D costs) 05 (excluding R&D costs) Balance on account 08 (for the costs of accepting intangible assets for accounting)
Research and development results		Difference in account balances: 04 (on R&D expenses with exclusive rights and (or) subject to legal protection) 05 (on R&D expenses with exclusive rights and (or) subject to legal protection)
Intangible search assets		Balance of account 08 for expenses for the development of mineral resources (in the future, such expenses may be qualified as intangible assets)
Tangible Exploration Assets		Balance of account 08 for expenses for the development of mineral resources (in the future, such expenses may be classified as fixed assets)
fixed assets		Difference in account balances: 02 (with the exception of depreciation amounts for objects of profitable investments in material assets, given in line 1140) balance of account 07 (for construction in progress costs) balance of account 08 (for costs of construction in progress)
Profitable investments in material values		Difference in account balances: 02 (depreciation accrued on such objects)
Financial investments		Account balance: 58 (for long-term investments minus the balance of account 59 "Provisions for depreciation of financial investments", which relate to long-term financial investments) 55 sub-account 3 "Deposit accounts" (for long-term investments and deposits for a period of more than one year, from which interest is charged) 73 (settlements with personnel on interest-bearing loans that mature after 12 months after the reporting date)
Deferred tax assets		Account balance 09
Other noncurrent assets		Account balance: 07 (excluding construction in progress costs) 08 (except for costs of construction in progress and intangible assets); other non-current assets that were not reflected in other groups of section I
Summary of Section I		1110 + 1120 + 1130 + 1140 + 1150 + 1160 + 1170 + 1180 + 1190
II. current assets
		Account balance: 10, 11, 20, 21, 23, 29, 41 (minus the credit balance on account 42 "Trade margin", if the goods are taken into account at selling prices), 43, 44, 45, 46, 97, 15 plus (minus) debit (credit) balance on account 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets" minus the credit balance on account 14 "Reserves for the depreciation of material assets"
VAT on purchased assets		Balance of account 19 "VAT on acquired valuables"
Accounts receivable		Debit account balance: 60 (receivables from suppliers in terms of advances paid by the company are reflected net of VAT), 62, 71, 73 (except for interest-bearing loans), 75, 76 (VAT amounts from advances are not taken into account), 68, 69 minus the balance on account 63 "Reserves for doubtful debts"
Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents)		Account balance: 58 in part short-term investments(minus the balance of account 59 "Provisions for the depreciation of financial investments" in terms of short-term financial investments) 73 (in terms of interest-bearing loans with a repayment period of less than 12 months after the reporting date)
Cash and cash equivalents		Account balance: 50 (except for the balance of the sub-account " Cash documents"), 51, 52, 55 (except for amounts included in financial investments), 57
Other current assets		Debit balance of accounts: 50 (balance on the sub-account "Money documents"), 79 (in terms of settlements under contracts trust management property), 94 other current assets that were not reflected in other groups of articles of section II
Summary of Section II		1210 + 1220 + 1230 + 1240 + 1250 + 1260
		1100 + 1200
III. Capital and reserves
Authorized capital, as well as share capital, authorized fund, contributions of comrades)		The balance of account 80 "Authorized capital"
Own shares repurchased from shareholders		Debit balance of account 81 "Own shares (shares)"
Revaluation of non-current assets		Account balance: 83 (regarding OS revaluation) 84 (regarding OS revaluation)
Additional capital (without revaluation)		Balance of account 83 "Additional capital" (revaluation is not taken into account)
Reserve capital		Account balance 82 "Reserve capital"
Retained earnings (uncovered loss)		The balance of account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" (revaluation is not taken into account), the balance of account 99 "Profit and loss" (interim reporting data)
Summary of Section III		1310 + 1320 + 1340 + 1350 + 1360 + 1370
IV. long term duties
Borrowed funds		Account balance 67 (the amount of principal and interest that accrued. In addition to interest with a payment period of less than 12 months as of the reporting date. Interest can be reflected separately as a breakdown of lines 1410 or 1510)
Deferred tax liabilities		Account balance 77
Estimated liabilities		Account 96 balance (for reserves created for events that will occur no earlier than one year later)
Other liabilities		Credit balance of accounts: 60, 62 (a creditor to buyers for advances that the company has received is reflected in the balance sheet without VAT), 73, 75, 76 (for a long-term creditor; VAT amounts from advances are not taken into account), 86 (for a long-term creditor)
Total Section IV		1410 + 1420 + 1430 + 1450
V. Current liabilities
Borrowed funds		Account balance 66 (the sum of the principal debt and accrued interest. Interest can be reflected separately (if necessary) as a breakdown of line 1510)
Accounts payable		Credit balance of accounts: 60, 62 (a creditor to buyers for advances received by the company is reflected in the balance sheet without VAT), 70, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76 (on a short-term creditor; VAT on advances, not taken into account)
revenue of the future periods		Account 98 balance, account 86 credit balance (targeted budget financing, grants, technical assistance, etc.)
Estimated liabilities		Account 96 balance (on reserves created for events that may occur during the year)
Other current liabilities		Account balance: 79 (under property trust management agreements), 86 (under short-term creditors) other short-term liabilities that were not reflected in the headings section V
Summary of Section V		1510 + 1520 + 1530 + 1540 + 1550
		1300 + 1400 + 1500

You may also need:

• More about non-current assets of the enterprise >>
• Learn how to fill in correctly

What is a balance sheet and how to draw it up according to the sample form? What form does the LLC's balance sheet have and what items does it contain? What are the stages of the analysis of the balance sheet of the enterprise?

Dear friends, I, Alla Prosyukova, welcome you to the pages of the HeatherBober online magazine!

I propose to read a new article on the procedure for compiling the balance sheet of an enterprise.

I tried to explain the procedure for compiling a balance sheet as simply and clearly as possible with practical examples.

1. What is a balance sheet and why is it drawn up?

Most Russian companies compile and present various accounting records.

The main set of such reporting includes five forms:

• form No. 1 - “Balance sheet;
• form No. 2 - "Report on financial results";
• form No. 3 - "Report on changes in equity";
• form No. 4 - “Cash flow statement”;
• form No. 5 - "Appendix to the balance sheet."

I propose to take a closer look at Form No. 1 - the balance sheet.

- this is information about the company's property (assets) and the sources of its acquisition (liabilities), grouped as of the reporting date in the form of a table. Active is always equal to passive!

Let's get acquainted with the principles of compiling a balance using the example of the budget of one Russian family.

Example

A large, friendly Pugovkin family lives in the city of N. The family is wealthy by the standards of the city. They have: an apartment, a car, household appliances, furniture, clothes, food, a dacha. In addition, in wallets and on bank accounts family members have money.

In general, the Pugovkins have everything they need for a comfortable active life. These will be the assets of the Pugovkin family.

Take a sheet of blank paper and write all of the above in 2 columns.

Pugovkin family assets:

Article	Name	Cost, thousand rubles
1	Apartment	4 000
2	Dacha	1 000
3	Car	1 100
4	Appliances	300
5	Products	50
6	Money in wallets	30
7	Money in the bank	450
8	Furniture	610
9	Cloth	40
10	Total	7 580

To purchase all this, the family needed funds. Therefore, the Pugovkins took Bank loan and part of the money borrowed from friends. In addition, the Pugovkin family currently has unpaid public Utilities and property tax.

A bank loan, a debt to friends, unpaid utility bills and taxes are the liabilities of the Pugovkin family.

The liabilities of the Pugovkin family:

The assets and liabilities of the balance sheet are divided into several parts.

Asset Sections:

• non-current assets;
• working capital.

Liability Sections:

• capital and reserves;
• long term duties;
• short-term obligations.

Accounting balance is in demand by various users.

External Users:

• tax specialists;
• banks;
• investors;
• partners (contractors).

Internal users:

• company shareholders;
• planning and analysis department.

2. 6 stages of the analysis of the balance sheet of the enterprise

Analysis of the balance sheet is carried out different ways and methods.

The most common analysis is a general analysis consisting of 6 stages.

Stage 1. Analysis of the dynamics and structure of the balance sheet

This stage will allow to determine the most important articles of its balance sheet for the financial and economic activities of the company. At the same time, the rate of their growth in the analyzed period is calculated, conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of these articles.

Stage 2. Analysis of the financial stability of the organization

Such an analysis is carried out on the basis of balance sheet items using a number of coefficients.

For a better understanding, let's look at an example.

Example

The formula for calculating the autonomy coefficient is as follows:

Ka = Equity / Assets

In relation to the balance sheet, this expression will look like this:

Ka= p.1300/p.1600

Similarly, the calculation of all coefficients can be presented.

Stage 3. Analysis of the liquidity of the balance sheet and solvency of the enterprise

In the balance sheet, assets are divided into several categories: highly liquid (A1), quickly realizable (A2), slow realizable (A3) and hard to sell (A4).

The company's liabilities are also divided into several categories: the most urgent (P1), medium-term (P2), long-term (P3) and permanent (P4).

The liquidity of the balance sheet is determined by comparing its assets and liabilities.

The balance sheet is liquid when:

• A1>P1
• A2>P2
• A3>P3
• A4<П4

Liquidity is calculated in various ways, for example, using coefficients. Liquidity is closely related to the solvency of the enterprise.

Solvency- is the ability of the company to fully pay off its debts in a timely manner.

Stage 4. Analysis of the state of assets

For any company, the condition of its assets is important. Usually analyzed: the composition of assets, their structure and efficiency of use.

During the analysis, the growth rates of current assets are compared with the growth rates of non-current assets. If, for example, current assets grow faster than non-current assets, this means that a more mobile asset structure is being formed.

At the same time, the growth of receivables suggests that the company's funds are diverted from the turnover for lending to buyers of products.

The efficiency of current assets is determined through profitability and turnover ratio.

Stage 5. Analysis of business activity

Business activity is also subject to analysis.

The assessment of business activity involves the calculation of coefficients:

• capital productivity of production assets;
• inventory and cost turnover;
• total capital turnover;
• turnover of own capital;
• turnover of accounts payable.

This is only a small part of them. The calculated values ​​of the coefficients are compared with the standard values ​​for the industry.

Often, the calculation of coefficients causes difficulties for business owners. You can solve this problem by ordering from an outsourcing company.

Stage 6. Diagnosis of the financial condition of the enterprise

One of the methods is the assessment of the possibility of restoration (loss) of solvency and the probability of bankruptcy.

First, 2 basic coefficients are calculated:

• current liquidity;
• security of own working capital.

The obtained values ​​are compared with the approved standards. To assess the probability of bankruptcy, the Altman model is used, with the help of which the Z coefficient is calculated.

The resulting value of the Z coefficient is interpreted as follows:

• Z<1.23 вероятность банкротства высокая;
• 1.23
• Z>2.9 the probability of bankruptcy is low.

3. How to draw up a balance sheet - step by step instructions for beginners

The process of compiling a balance sheet is very complicated, not only for beginners. Some aspects of its compilation can cause difficulties for professional accountants.

I propose to consider with me step by step its main points.

Step 1. Specify the details

As a rule, filling out any reporting form begins with the title page. The balance sheet is no exception. To fill it out, a unified form approved by the Ministry of Finance is used.

The first sheet contains the details of the company that makes up the balance sheet:

• date on which the form is drawn up;
• Date of preparation;
• Company name;
• an identification number;
• type of economic activity;
• type of ownership;
• unit;
• company location.

Step 2. Fill in the rows of the asset table

The next step is to fill in the balance sheet asset. We take all the information from the balances of the company's accounting accounts (we use the balance sheet (OSV)).

Example

For Pomidorka LLC, 2016 is the first period when the company needs to report, because it was in this year that the company was created. Let's present the balances according to accounting data in the form of a table.

Remains of Pomidorka LLC as of 01/01/2017:

№	Name	Check	Debit	Credit
1	Fixed assets (OS)	01	500
2	OS depreciation	02		26
3	Intangible assets (IA)	04	100
4	Depreciation of intangible assets	05		4
5	Stocks	10	460
6	VAT	19	16
7	Money in the box	50	40
8	Funds in a bank account	51	120
9	Authorized capital	80		30
10	Reserve capital	82		10
11	Undestributed profits	84		150
12	Settlements with suppliers and contractors	60		275
13	Settlements with buyers and customers	62		85
14	Settlements on long-term credits and loans	67		300
15	Calculations for taxes and fees	68		16
16	Social security payments	69		90
17	Payroll calculations	70		250
18	Total		1236	1236

When drawing up a balance sheet, remember that:

• debit and credit balances in the balance sheet are not rolled up;
• Fixed assets and intangible assets are shown at residual value;
• assets in the balance sheet are recorded at book value.

Information in the balance sheet is divided item by item (approved by the Ministry of Finance). Opposite each article is the amount taken from the SALT on the date of the report, in 2 adjacent columns the itemized value of the property for the two previous reporting dates is indicated.

Continuation of the example

Based on the accounting data of Pomidorka LLC, we will make up a part of the balance sheet called "Asset".

Assets of the company "Pomidorka":

Indicator	Payment	The code	as of 31.12.2016	as of 31.12.2015
ASSETS
I. Non-current assets
NMA	sch04-05	1110	96	-
OS	sc01-02	1150	474	-
The result of section I	1110+1150	1100	570	-
II. current assets
Stocks	mid10	1210	460	-
VAT on acquired tangible assets	mid19	1220	16	-
Cash and cash equivalents	mid50+51	1250	160	-
Summary of Section II	1210+1220+1250	1200	636
BALANCE	1100+1200	1600	1206

Information is indicated in whole thousands or millions of rubles. Empty rows are not included in the table. In a real balance sheet, all lines must be present, just a dash is put on them.

Step 3. Fill in the lines of the liability table

We do the same when filling out the "Passive" section. Let's take a closer look at the example of Pomidorka LLC.

Filling in the section "Passive" of the company "Pomidorka":

Indicator	Payment	The code	as of 31.12.2016	as of 31.12.2015
LIABILITY
III. Capital and reserves
Authorized capital	80	1310	30	-
Reserve capital	sc.82	1360	10	-
Undestributed profits	count 84	1370	150	-
Summary of Section III	1310+1360+1370	1300	190
IV. long term duties
Borrowed funds	sc.67	1410	300	-
Summary of Section IV	1410	1400	300	-
V. Current liabilities
Accounts payable	60+62+68+69+70	1520	716	-
Summary of Section V	1520	1500	716	-
BALANCE	1300+1400+1500	1700	1206	-

Step 4. Matching Table Values

Do you remember that asset = liability? In the balance sheet of the Pomidorka company, line 1600 and line 1700 have the same indicator of 1206 thousand rubles. This indicates that the form is correct.

If there are discrepancies in these lines, it means that an error has crept into the accounting, which must be found.

Let me tell you right now, this is not an easy task. First, I recommend checking the arithmetic calculations. If there are no problems with arithmetic, proceed to check the bookkeeping in OSV.

Step 5. We analyze the balance sheet according to its indicators

The analysis of the balance sheet and its indicators is a complex, multi-stage process. How to carry it out, I told above. The results of the analysis help to optimize the financial policy of the company. Qualitatively conducted analysis allows you to make competent management decisions.

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The general form of the balance sheet is given in Appendix N 1 to Order N 66n.

The balance sheet in general form has columns in which indicators are given for each article:

As of December 31 of the previous year (when filling out the balance sheet for 2015 - as of December 31, 2014);

As of December 31 of the year preceding the previous one (when filling out the balance sheet for 2015 - as of December 31, 2013).

Column 1 of the balance sheet is intended to indicate the number of the corresponding explanation to the balance sheet (if an explanatory note is drawn up).

Organizations add column 3 on their own to put down the line code in it.

The balance sheet contains two parts - an asset and a liability, which must be equal to each other.

The asset reflects the amount of non-current and current assets, and the liability reflects the amount of equity and borrowed funds, as well as accounts payable.

Section I. Non-current assets

Intangible assets. The residual value of intangible assets is reflected in line 1110. Clause 3 PBU 14/2007 "Accounting for intangible assets", approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 27, 2007 N 153n, allows you to find out what belongs to this group. Thus, in order for an object to be accepted for accounting as an intangible asset, it is necessary that the following conditions be met at a time:

The facility is capable of generating economic benefits in the future, and the organization has the right to receive them;

The object can be isolated or separated (identified) from other assets;

The object is intended to be used for a long time, that is, it exceeds 12 months;

It is possible to reliably determine the actual (initial) cost of the object;

The object has no material-substantial form.

For example, if the specified conditions are met, intangible assets include works of science, literature and art, programs for electronic computers, inventions, utility models, breeding achievements, production secrets (know-how), trademarks and service marks. The composition of intangible assets also takes into account the business reputation that arose in connection with the purchase of an enterprise as a property complex (in whole or in part).

Intangible assets are not expenses associated with the formation of a legal entity (organizational expenses), intellectual and business qualities of the organization's personnel, their qualifications and ability to work (clause 4 PBU 14/2007).

Results of research and development. Expenses for research and development, accounted for on account 04 "Intangible assets", are reflected in line 1120.

Accounts receivable. This line 1230 is for short-term receivables that are expected to be settled within 12 months after the balance sheet date.

Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents). For these assets, line 1240 is provided, which, in particular, shows loans provided by the organization for a period of less than 12 months.

If you are determining the current market value of financial investments, use all sources of information available to you, including data from foreign organized markets or trade organizers. Such recommendations are contained in the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 29, 2009 07-02-18/01. If at the reporting date you cannot determine the market value of a previously appraised property, reflect it at the cost of the last appraisal.

Cash and cash equivalents. To fill in the line, you need to sum up the cost of cash equivalents (balance of the corresponding sub-accounts of the account) and cash account balances (50 "Cashier", 51 "Settlement accounts", 52 "Currency accounts", 55 "Special accounts in banks" and 57 "Transfers to way").

The concept of cash equivalents, we recall, is contained in the Accounting Regulation "Cash Flow Statement" (PBU 23/2011), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 02.02.2011 N 11n. Cash equivalents may include, for example, demand deposits opened with credit institutions.

Other current assets. Here (line 1260) shows data on current assets that are not reflected in other lines of section. II balance.

Section III. Capital and reserves

Authorized capital (share capital, authorized fund, contributions of comrades).

Line 1310 of the balance sheet reflects the amount of the authorized capital of the company. It must match the amount of the authorized capital, which is fixed in the constituent documents of the company.

Own shares repurchased from shareholders. We have already said that if an organization redeemed its own shares (shares of the founders) in the authorized capital not for sale, then their value is entered in line 1320. Such shares are supposed to be canceled, which automatically leads to a decrease in the authorized capital, therefore, the indicator of this line as a negative value is given in brackets. But if own shares are redeemed and resold, they are already considered an asset and their value must be entered in line 1260 "Other current assets".

Revaluation of non-current assets. This row is numbered 1340 (there is no indicator for row number 1330). It shows the revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets, which is taken into account on account 83 "Additional capital".

Additional capital (without revaluation). The amounts of additional capital are reflected in line 1350. Note that the indicator for this line is taken without taking into account the revaluation amounts that should be reflected in the line above.

Reserve capital. The balance of the reserve fund is indicated on line 1360. It reflects both the reserves formed as required by law and the reserves created in accordance with the constituent documents. Decryption is required only if the indicators are material.

Retained earnings (uncovered loss). Accumulated for all years, including reporting, retained earnings are shown in line 1370. It also reflects an uncovered loss (only such an amount is enclosed in brackets).

The components of the indicator (profit (loss) for the reporting year and (or) for previous periods) can be written in additional lines, that is, deciphered according to the obtained financial results (profit / loss), as well as for all years of the company's activity.

Section IV. long term duties

Borrowed funds. Line 1410 is reserved for the debt of the organization itself on long-term (with a maturity date of December 31, 2015 more than 12 months) loans and credits.

Deferred tax liabilities. Line 1420 is filled in by income tax payers. "Simplifiers" are not among them, so they put a dash in this line.

Estimated liabilities. The specified line 1430 is filled in if the organization recognizes estimated liabilities in accounting in accordance with the Accounting Regulation "Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets" (PBU 8/2010), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 13, 2010 N 167n. Recall that small businesses, which are the majority of "simplifiers", may not apply this PBU.

Other obligations. Here (line 1450) other long-term liabilities are shown that are not reflected in other lines of section. IV balance. Note that the indicator for line 1440 is not provided for by Order N 66n.

Section V Current Liabilities

Borrowed funds. In line 1510 indicate the debt on short-term loans and borrowings taken for a period of not more than 12 months. In this case, the amount should be reflected taking into account the interest due at the end of the reporting period.

Accounts payable. The total amount of accounts payable is recorded in line 1520. And this should only be short-term debt.

Note that there is no separate line for debts to participants (founders) for the payment of income. The amount of such debt should be included here and deciphered on a separate line, since this indicator is always significant.

Revenue of the future periods. Line 1530 is filled in when the accounting provisions provide for the recognition of this accounting object. For example, if your organization receives budgetary funds or amounts of targeted funding. Such funds are just subject to accounting as part of deferred income on accounts 98 "Deferred income" and 86 "Target financing" (clauses 9 and 20 of the Accounting Regulation "Accounting for State Assistance" (PBU 13/2000), approved Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 N 92n).

Estimated liabilities. The explanations that we gave to line 1430 apply here: line 1540 is filled in if the company recognizes estimated liabilities in accounting. Only in line 1430 reflect long-term liabilities, and in line 1540 - short-term.

Other obligations. Line 1550 shows others that are not reflected in other lines of section. V balance.

So, we have considered balance sheet items.

Now we offer a scheme that will help determine its indicators (debit and credit balances on accounting accounts will be denoted by Dt and Kt, respectively).

Section I "Non-current assets"

Line 1110 "Intangible assets"\u003d Dt (excluding R&D costs) - Kt.

Line 1120 "Research and development results"= Dt (analytical account for R&D expenses).

Line 1130 "Intangible exploration assets"\u003d Dt (analytical account for accounting for expenses for intangible search costs).

Line 1140 "Tangible exploration assets"\u003d Dt (analytical account for accounting for expenses for material search costs).

Line 1150 "Fixed assets" \u003d Dt - Kt + Dt (analytical account for the cost of construction in progress).

Line 1160 "Profitable investments in material assets"\u003d Dt - Kt (analytical account for depreciation of property related to profitable investments).

Line 1170 "Financial investments"\u003d Dt + Dt, subaccount "Deposit accounts", + Dt, subaccount "Settlements on loans" (analytical accounts for long-term financial investments), - Kt (analytical account for the reserve for long-term financial investments).

Line 1180 "Deferred tax assets"= Dt .

Line 1190 "Other non-current assets"= value of non-current assets not included in other indicators of Sec. I balance sheet.

Line 1100 "Total for Section I"= the sum of the indicators of rows 1110 - 1190.

Section II "Current assets"

Line 1210 "Stocks"= the sum of the debit balances of the accounts

Line 1220 "VAT on acquired values"= Dt .

Line 1230 "Accounts receivable"\u003d Dt + Dt + Dt + Dt + Dt + Dt + Dt (except for interest-bearing loans) + Dt + Dt - Kt.

Line 1240 "Financial investments (excluding cash equivalents)"\u003d Dt + Dt, subaccount "Deposit accounts", + Dt, subaccount "Settlements on loans" (analytical accounts for short-term financial investments), - Kt (analytical account for the reserve for short-term financial investments).

Line 1250 "Cash and cash equivalents"\u003d Dt + Dt + + Dt + Dt + Dt - Dt, subaccount "Deposit accounts" (analytical accounts for accounting for financial investments).

Line 1260 "Other current assets"= the value of current assets, not included in other indicators of Sec. II balance sheet.

Line 1200 "Total for Section II"= sum of rows 1210 - 1260.

Line 1600 "Balance"= row score 1100 + row score 1200.

Section III "Capital and reserves"

Line 1310 "Authorized capital (share capital, authorized fund, contributions of comrades)"= Kt.

Line 1320 "Treasury shares redeemed from shareholders"= Dt . Enclose the indicator in parentheses.

Line 1340 "Revaluation of non-current assets"\u003d Kt (analytical account for accounting for the amounts of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets).

Line 1350 "Additional capital (without revaluation)"= Kt (except for the amounts of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets).

Line 1360 "Reserve capital"= Kt.

Line 1370 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)"\u003d Kt (Dt). If the debit balance is negative (that is, there is a loss), enclose it in brackets.

Line 1300 "Total for Section III"= sum of scores in lines 1310 - 1370. If the result is negative (if there are negative scores in lines 1320 and 1370), show it in parentheses.

Section IV "Long-term obligations"

Line 1410 "Borrowed funds"= Kt. At the same time, accrued interest, the maturity of which as of the reporting date is less than 12 months, should be excluded and reflected in line 1510 (preferably with a breakdown).

Line 1420 "Deferred tax liabilities"= Kt.

Line 1430 "Estimated liabilities"= Кт (only estimated liabilities with a maturity of more than 12 months after the reporting date).

Line 1450 "Other liabilities"= long-term debt, which was not included in other indicators of Sec. IV balance sheet.

Line 1400 "Total for section IV"= the sum of the indicators of the above lines 1410 - 1450.

Section V "Current liabilities"

Line 1510 "Borrowed funds"= Kt + Kt (in terms of accrued interest, the maturity of which as of the reporting date is not more than 12 months).

Line 1520 "Accounts payable"\u003d Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt + Kt. In this case, consider only short-term debt.

Line 1530 "Deferred income"= Kt + Kt in terms of targeted budget financing, grants, technical assistance, etc.

Line 1540 "Estimated liabilities"= Кт (only estimated liabilities with a maturity of no more than 12 months after the reporting date).

Line 1550 "Other liabilities"= the amounts of debts on short-term obligations, not taken into account when determining other indicators Sec. V balance.

Line 1500 "Total for Section V"= the sum of the indicators of lines 1510 - 1550.

Line 1700 "Balance"= row scores 1300 + 1400 + 1500.

If all business transactions are reflected correctly and correctly transferred to the balance sheet, the indicators of lines 1600 and 1700 will match. If this equality is not observed, a mistake has been made somewhere. Then you need to check, recalculate and correct the entered data.

Example. Completing the balance sheet

LLC, registered in 2015, applies a simplified taxation system. The indicators of accounting registers as of December 31, 2015 are given in the table:

table

Balances (Kt - credit, Dt - debit) on accounts
accounting as of December 31, 2015
Ltd

Balance	Amount, rub.	Balance	Amount, rub.

One of the reports that an organization must submit to the tax office is a balance sheet. This report is prepared for the calendar year. The balance sheet has form No. 1 of financial statements, you can look at it by downloading the balance sheet form 1 from the link below. This form of balance is relevant today.

In the empty lines of the balance sheet, dashes are placed. All amounts presented in the balance sheet are rounded up to thousands or millions, there are no decimal places. All foreign currency is converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of the report.

The balance sheet can be drawn up for any date (usually the beginning of a quarter, year) to check whether the accounting is kept correctly at the enterprise. This report consists of two parts (pages): assets and liabilities of the enterprise. Based on the results of the balance sheet, the total amount of assets should be equal to the total amount of liabilities, but if this equality is not there, then an error has crept into the balance sheet and you will have to look for it.

How to fill in the balance sheet form No. 1?

This report is prepared on the basis of the balance sheet.

Sample balance sheet form 1

The form consists of a "header" and two tables: assets and liabilities. Fill in sequentially each of the parts of the balance sheet.

Fill in the header:

At the top, we indicate on which date the balance sheet is drawn up. We will give an example of the organization LLC "Confectioner", which reports for the calendar year 2012.

In the line “legal form” we write LLC, “ownership form” is private, and the corresponding ownership codes should also be noted here: OKFS, OKOPF. For LLC - code 65. For private ownership, the corresponding code is 16.

All numerical entries in the balance sheet will be expressed in thousands, respectively, in the line of the balance sheet "unit of measurement" we will indicate the code 384. For millions of rubles, the corresponding code will be 385.

In the last line of the "cap" we indicate the legal address of the organization, that is, the address where it is officially registered.

Fill in the table "Assets" of the balance sheet:

This table consists of two sections: non-current assets and current assets. As mentioned above, to fill out Form 1, we will use the data of the balance sheet.

Opposite each type of asset (in the balance sheet, these are called balance sheet items), the amount corresponding to it is written, rounded (for our case) to thousands of rubles. The first column indicates data as of the reporting date of the reporting period (for our sample as of December 31, 2012), the second column - data at the end of the previous year (December 31, 2011), the third column - data at the end of the year preceding the previous one (December 31, 2010). ).

Section I Form 1 Non-Current Assets: (click to expand)

• (1110): the residual value is indicated, obtained as the difference between the book value of intangible assets (debit 04 “Intangible assets) and the accrued depreciation (credit 05 “Amortization of intangible assets”), data from line 1120 are not taken into account here;
• results of research and development (1120): data on completed research and development, work (R & D), data for this article are taken from the account. 04 "Intangible assets" sub-account "R&D";
• intangible and tangible prospecting assets (1130-1140): data on prospecting, exploration of mineral deposits, as well as on the equipment used in this.
• (str 1150): we also indicate the residual value obtained as the difference between the book value of fixed assets (debit account 01 "Fixed assets") and accrued depreciation (credit account 02 "Depreciation");
• profitable investments in tangible assets (1160): data on fixed assets recorded on account 03 “Profitable investments in tangible assets” are also determined by their residual value.
• financial investments (1170): financial investments of the organization for a period of more than 12 months are indicated (composed of debit 58 “Financial investments” and debit 55 “Special bank accounts” sub-account “Deposits”);
• deferred tax assets (1180): the balance of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” is taken;
• other non-current assets (1190): all other non-current assets that were not reflected in the previous items are indicated.
• Total for section I (1100): the values ​​of rows 1110-1190 are summarized.

Section II Current assets form 1:

• stocks (1210): all inventories available to the enterprise are taken into account (data relating to raw materials are taken: account 10 "Materials", 15 "Procurement and acquisition of material assets"; concerning: 20 "Main production", 21 "Semi-finished products of their own production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 28 "Marriage in production", 29 "Serviced production and farms"; concerning: 41 "Goods", 42 "Trade margin", 43 "Finished products", 44 "Expenses for sale", 45 “Goods shipped”, as well as 97 “Deferred expenses”;
• (1220): the balance of account 19 “VAT on acquired values” is indicated, that is, the VAT that was presented by suppliers, but not accepted for deduction;
• receivables (1230): the amount of debt of counterparties to the organization, data are taken from accounts that take into account relationships with various counterparties: suppliers (account 60), buyers (account 62), personnel (70, 71, 73), tax office and PF (68 and 69), founders (75), other counterparties (76);
• financial investments (1240): investments with a term of less than 12 months;
• cash and cash equivalents (1250): all funds of the enterprise in rubles (account balance 50 and 51), currency (account balance 52), checks, letters of credit (account balance 55 on sub-accounts "Checks", "Letters of credit");
• other current assets (1260): indicate all other current assets that are not reflected in the previous lines;
• total for section II (1200): the sum of the values ​​of lines 1210-1260.

Balance (1600): The data of lines 1100, 1200 are summarized.

We fill in the table "Liability" of the balance sheet form 1:

The liability table of form 1 consists of three sections: capital and reserves, long-term liabilities, short-term liabilities.

Section III Capital and reserves:

• (1310): credit balance c. 80 "Authorized Capital";
• own shares (1320): debit balance 81 "Own shares (shares)";
• revaluation of non-current assets (1340): if the organization revalued intangible assets and fixed assets, then the amount by which the value of non-current assets increased (credit balance;
• additional capital without revaluation (1350): credit balance c. 83 minus the amounts specified in line 1340);
• reserve capital (1360): if the organization creates reserve capital from retained earnings, then these data are reflected in this line (debit 82 “Reserve capital”);
• retained earnings (uncovered loss) (1370): data are taken from account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss").
• Total for section III (1300): the sum of the values ​​of lines 1310-1370.

Section IV Long-Term Liabilities:

• borrowed funds (1410): (loan 67 "Settlements on long-term credits and loans");
• deferred tax liabilities (1420): loan 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”;
• estimated liabilities (1430): loan 96 “Reserves for future expenses”, the period for fulfilling these liabilities is more than 1 year;
• other liabilities (1450): all liabilities not reflected above with a maturity of more than 1 year are indicated;
• total for section IV (1400): the sum of the values ​​of lines 1410-1450.

Section V Current Liabilities: (click to expand)

• borrowed funds (1510): (loan 66), as well as long-term loans with a maturity of less than 1 year (loan 67);
• accounts payable (1520): debt to suppliers (account 60), buyers (62), personnel (70, 71, 73), budget (68 and 69). founders (75), other counterparties (76) for a period of less than 1 year;
• deferred income (1530): account data 98 ​​"Deferred income" (credit balance);
• estimated liabilities (1540): loan 96 “Reserves for future expenses”, maturity less than 1 year;
• other liabilities (1550): all other short-term liabilities with a maturity of less than 1 year that are not shown above are indicated;
• total for section V (1500): sum of lines 1510-1550.

Balance (1600): the sum of the values ​​of lines 1400, 1500.

Upon completion of the balance sheet form 1, the values ​​of lines 1700, 1600 must match. And this is logical. After all, liabilities are sources of asset formation, each entry in accounting (accounting entry) is performed simultaneously on the debit of one account and the credit of another. If you have any discrepancies when filling out form No. 1, then you need to look for an error in accounting. The occupation is painstaking and long, but there is no other way out.

Video lesson “Balance sheet: form 1, examples, basics of accounting”

Watch the video lesson of the teacher of the site “Accounting for dummies” Natalya Vasilievna Gandeva on the topic: “Balance sheet”, which describes in detail the basic principles of filling it out. Click below to watch the video ⇓