The official duty of a law enforcement officer is moral in its objective and subjective terms. The moral value of the objective content of duty lies in the fact that it is subject to the solution of the highest and most just task: protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, ensuring the security of one's country, and strengthening the rule of law. However, the potential possibilities of official duty can manifest themselves only if they are supplemented by a subjective moral attitude towards it, when public duties are perceived and realized as personal, as a deep need and conviction in the justice and righteousness of the cause you serve.

The position of the state civil service, provides a civil servant with a certain social status, social position, giving the opportunity to display professional and personal qualities, imposing on him certain duties arising from the specifics of the civil service, at the same time is in the structure of the personal interests of the employee, at the heart of his social motivations, actions and deeds

A need is a persistent and long-lasting strong need of a person for something. An actualized need encourages a person to constantly search for means to satisfy it. Getting a new job, as well as changing the usual working conditions, stimulates the police officer, makes him want to prove himself from the best side. Not having the opportunity to feel like a necessary, independent employee who is trusted and respected, he is disappointed in his work.

A police officer must have an acute need for personal participation in the creation and strengthening of the rule of law, in the fight against crime, the need to devote his life to law enforcement, to receive high satisfaction from participation in it and the positive results achieved. An employee, of course, must also have developed moral, cultural, cognitive and other civilized needs. Inclinations, ideals, life plans and interests determine long-term motives, which, in particular, are the reason for choosing such a profession. For a developed orientation, their stable characteristics are characteristic, long-term plans for service and work in the internal affairs bodies - for life, a genuine, deep interest in finding ways to increase the effectiveness of the fight against crime and protect the interests of citizens.

Professional and motivational qualities are the second subgroup of the motive forces of an internal affairs officer, acting directly in the process of law enforcement and in connection with it, having a wide impact both on it and on specific actions. The inclinations of these qualities lie in the general orientation of a young person who has decided to choose a profession. A true professional bases his choice not on mercantile calculations, but on an understanding of his life's calling, based on the need to be on a difficult site in the fight against crime, the desire to protect citizens, ordinary and honest people from criminals.

It is found constantly and everywhere in behavior, actions and service as: - the desire to constantly, in any conditions, follow the requirements of civil, patriotic, professional, human duty; - an unshakable focus in life and work on the assertion of goodness and justice, the fight against evil and injustice in the name of man, for the good of Russia; - knowledge of moral norms, conviction in their value and the need to subordinate one's personal behavior to them in Everyday life and professional activities in the service; - a deep understanding of the value of a person, his dignity, rights, interests and life as the highest social and spiritual value;

Law enforcement officers cannot be considered prepared for practical activities without possessing the necessary professionally significant personality traits, as well as appropriate motivation for service. It is they who have to deal with the most socially difficult contingent, which is characterized by the presence of asocial attitudes, uncontrollability, aggressiveness, the secretive nature of criminal activity, confrontation and hostility towards government officials.

Life makes its own adjustments to the direction, which are not always favorable. Thus, the study of the motives for professional choice among those currently entering the educational institutions of the Department of Internal Affairs and their comparison with the data of the 1990s showed that the romantic aspect, family tradition, the influence of military service, a substantial interest in professional work are less often noted, and, conversely, such motives as search for a way out of difficult economic and living conditions, strong dissatisfaction with the previous job, the need to have free time for some kind of activity (sports, study, etc.)

In the first place, such a motive as the opportunity to have benefits, good earnings, feel safe, change one's character, and become more confident has moved. human psychology is such that his needs are constantly growing, and if yesterday a certain level of remuneration contributed to an increase in the employee's interest in the result of his work, then today the same level of wages can lead, on the contrary, to a negligent attitude towards his work. Therefore, in addition to material incentives for the labor activity of personnel, attention should also be paid to methods of moral incentives.

Not only money can serve as a means of motivation, but everything that helps to strengthen a person's sense of self-esteem. Moral and psychological stimulation methods include the following main elements: creating conditions under which people would experience professional pride that they can cope with the assigned work better than others, involvement in it, personal responsibility for its results, would feel the value of the results, their specific importance for someone;

It is necessary to mention one more form of motivation, which, in essence, combines all of the above. We are talking about promotion, which gives a higher wages(economic motive), and interesting and meaningful work (organizational motive), and also reflects the recognition of the merits and authority of the individual by transferring to a higher status group (moral motive)

In conditions when the self-esteem of a representative of the executive power does not find support in society, when his assessment is constantly low in comparison with self-esteem, when the realization of two fundamental needs, the need for recognition and self-expression, is constantly blocked, a sharp feeling of personal discomfort develops. One of the common ways to solve this problem is the employee's leaving the authorities, joining any illegal groups, committing illegal deeds, which, possibly, leads to satisfaction of the need for recognition and self-expression. Moreover, the group into which a law enforcement officer falls can have both a normative and a counter-normative scale of values.

With regard to the satisfaction of basic needs, self-sufficient people are satisfied with such needs as the need for recognition and self-expression. Those who are insecure do not have material needs, needs for interpersonal communication and security, which in itself indicates that insecure employees do not know how to establish contact with others.

A law enforcement officer, as a representative of the authorities, endowed with a certain range of legal powers, is subject to rather high requirements both in moral and ethical and psychological terms. The professional competence of a law enforcement officer is an integrative property of the personality of a subject of specialized activity, expressed in the totality of internalized socially and personally significant competencies in the system of law enforcement

Psychological features of professional competence directly affect the level of professionalism of a law enforcement officer. In the course of their professional activities, law enforcement officers need to create optimal conditions for the functioning of these personal properties.

The mechanism of moral influence is subtler and more effective than legal regulation. Moral requirements are addressed to the conscience of a person, are associated with self-regulation of actions, awareness of one's duty, a sense of justice. They are focused on the conscious and voluntary adherence to moral principles and norms. It should be emphasized that our laws are sufficiently flexible, as a rule, allowing their executor to choose the most expedient, fair decision from a set of alternatives. In the implementation of this choice, the decisive role is precisely played by the norms of morality, moral consciousness.

Moral consciousness has a core moral principle at its center, which, together with other elements, characterizes the initial moral position of the individual. Such a core principle of the moral consciousness of law enforcement officers is the principle of legality, following which is not only an official duty, but also a moral duty.

A law enforcement officer should constantly cultivate the ability of moral thinking, moral analysis of the situation, in order to determine in each specific case the compliance of his actions with moral permissibility. The moral upbringing of an employee should be his professional quality, allowing him to carry out his activities in such a way that professional interest does not lose moral guidelines in it.

All this puts forward new tasks for law enforcement agencies, which, in turn, give rise to the need to choose other priority areas both in service and operational activities and in training personnel to ensure readiness to make non-standard decisions. That is why the issues of duty of honor and dignity as moral guidelines in the performance of an internal affairs officer. The purpose and objectives of the work is to study the duty of honor and dignity as moral guidelines in the performance of an internal affairs officer. Fulfilling the demands of duty...

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Duty, honor and dignity - moral guidelines in the performance of an internal affairs officer
Table of contents

Introduction

Modern social, economic, political, legal and spiritual transformations, the expansion of democratic principles in the life of our society are accompanied by the expansion of various forms of ownership, the emergence of capital, money and property savings, which led to a radical change in the crime situation, a sharp increase in crime and other offenses, a decline in spirituality. among a significant part of the citizens, an increase in manifestations of legal and moral nihilism, disrespect for the laws, which ultimately led to an aggravation of social tension.

Under these conditions, the criminal environment has received a favorable opportunity for the accumulation of resource and functional potential. Its scale, organization and professionalism are growing. Criminal acts take on the character of exceptional public danger and cynicism. All this puts forward new tasks for law enforcement agencies, which, in turn, give rise to the need to choose other priority areas both in service and operational activities and in training personnel, ensuring readiness to make non-standard decisions. In particular, this also applies to the problem of improving the moral qualities and cultural level of employees, which in modern conditions are becoming the most important elements of their professional competence.

That is why the issues of duty, honor and dignity as moral guidelines in the performance of an internal affairs officer.

The purpose and objectives of the work is to study duty, honor and dignity as moral guidelines in the performance of an internal affairs officer.

1 Professional debt

The category of duty is one of the most important in ethics in general and among the categories of professional ethics in particular. Duty is a social necessity, expressed in the moral requirements for the individual. Fulfilling the requirements of duty, the individual acts as the bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in its activities. The sphere of morality is, with good reason, called the sphere of due. Be kind, be honest, be fair. Be! In debt, as in no other category, the imperative motive moment is strong. He not only clearly formulates the idea itself, but also gives it an imperative character: he calls, demands, insists on its implementation. To be a man of duty means not only to know its essence, its requirements, but also to follow these requirements in practice. 1 .

The call of duty of a law enforcement officer, being integral part public duty, is moral in its objective and subjective terms. The moral value of the objective content of duty lies in the fact that it is subject to the solution of the highest and most just task: protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, ensuring the security of one's country, and strengthening the rule of law. However, the potential possibilities of official duty can manifest themselves only if they are supplemented by a subjectively moral attitude towards it, when public duties are perceived and realized as personal, as a deep need and conviction in the justice and righteousness of the cause you serve.

The duty of a law enforcement officer is a high and honorable duty arising from the objective needs of protecting the individual, society and the state, consecrated by state legal requirements and internal moral motives.

The category of duty is absolutely incompatible with such personal qualities as selfishness, deceit, greed, arrogance, swagger, hypocrisy, hypocrisy, etc. They weaken the moral strength of the individual, his desire for an ideal, heroic, and can even push him to treason, to betrayal, to crimes. This is exactly what happened to the former GRU officer Penkovsky. Penkovsky, "being a not stupid person, possessing organizational qualities, at the same time was conceited and ambitious. Achieving his goal, he could fawn and lie. Penkovsky did not differ in marital fidelity either: he spent his free time mostly outside the house, had numerous connections on the side" 2 .

In the process of personality formation, it is influenced by the evaluative and normative side of morality. If the evaluative side is concentrated in goodness and justice, then the normative side is mainly in debt. Duty is a focus through which the entire set of moral norms is directly connected with the practical activities of people. In this focus, the original and the derivative, the estimated and the normative, the achieved and the promising, are combined into a single whole.

In it, theory is transformed into practice, the idea of goodness and justice - into a powerful material force, moral principles and norms - into real actions and deeds. In duty, the active nature of morality is directly manifested. It not only gives a clear form to the idea and goals, but also encourages and requires their achievement. Public duty, therefore, can be called an active consciousness, It allows you to best characterize the morality of the individual, since people and their moral virtues and shortcomings are judged primarily by actions, deeds.

The attitude to public duty characterizes not only the individual, but also the collective, and the spiritual forces of society as a whole. Law enforcement agencies attach paramount importance to duty as a direct regulator of the activities of their employees. The mechanism of behavior of law enforcement officers, the essence of moral relations in their teams is based on three major factors:

the dependence of the employee on the team, the state and society, his interest in public support and approval, which finds emotional expression in feelings and pangs of conscience;
a certain freedom, independence of the employee, which is expressed in the possibility of choosing one or another line of behavior within an objectively defined range of possibilities;
responsibility of employees for results and possible consequences"freedom" of their actions, i.e. the duties of each individual employee to be ready to answer for his moral choice within the framework of moral standards formed by the team and society 3 .

The moral duty of law enforcement officers has an objective and subjective side. The objective is determined by the need to protect the security of the state and society, to ensure the rights and freedoms of its citizens. The subjective one represents clearly defined tasks set by the state for law enforcement agencies: conscientiousness and responsibility of employees in the performance of the tasks assigned to them to strengthen the rule of law, protect the security of the state and society, the rights and freedoms of its citizens; the readiness and ability of each employee to realize the requirements of moral duty, their place and role in the common cause, to determine their internal attitude towards duty, to make high demands on themselves.

Certain tasks of law enforcement become voluntary and purposeful activities, as they are perceived by employees as fair and true. The internal motive is organically included in the very essence of the moral duty of each law enforcement officer as a source of his moral strength.

It should be noted that the requirements of public duty are the same for all members of society. However, the work of law enforcement officers is special. The specificity of the debt requirements is due to the nature of the tasks facing employees, the characteristics of the organization, the uniqueness of the conditions in which their activities take place. This organization requires special responsibility, organization and tension of moral and physical strength.

Due to the specifics of the organization of law enforcement agencies, moral relations in them are regulated by the rules of law in more detail than in other areas of civil life, i.e. are largely deontological in nature. Therefore, duty is not so much a wish as a requirement of the state and society, and his orders must be fulfilled. The moral content of the debt is supported by legal requirements that have the force of law. Through the moral basis of duty, high qualities are revealed - diligence and reasonable initiative, selflessness and courage, dignity and honor, an active attitude to public duties. 4 .

All relationships that directly express and reinforce professional duty have moral and legal authority. Departure from the norms of morality, as a rule, is always at the same time a violation of legal norms. The requirements of a legally formalized professional duty, expressed in the Oath, statutes, instructions, instructions, contain both a moral assessment and a legal norm. In the sphere of professional duty, there are no legal requirements that would be devoid of moral force, just as there are no moral norms that are devoid of legal responsibility.

The commonality of legal and moral requirements is characteristic of everything Russian legislation. But in legal acts regulating the activities of law enforcement agencies, the interaction and interpenetration of these two types of social requirements is closer and deeper. The legal and moral norms governing law enforcement ensure a high level of organization, clarity and discipline. Professional duty has an active mobilizing force, fills the deeds and thoughts of employees with the desire to perform their work clearly and on time, to direct all their willpower to achieve their goals.

In professional duty, one cannot categorically distinguish between legal and moral requirements. The specific quality of the legal side, as you know, is the possibility of higher control, even potential, the likelihood of applying an administrative sanction, punishment in case of non-compliance with the prescription. Moral norms are implemented on the basis of inner conviction, the dictates of conscience, under the influence of the power of public opinion. Here, both of these "components" merge together.

Consequently, professional duty is a unity of legal and moral aspects, since moral requirements coincide with the state will. Legal sanction and moral motive have differences in the nature of their impact on the consciousness and will of law enforcement officers. If the legal sanction is more prompt, then actions performed out of inner conviction, moral motive, have solidity, stability, constancy, but time is needed for even a morally prepared employee to act in strict accordance with moral principles. The legal sanction is effective immediately, as needed, with the application of state coercion to individual employees. Moral requirements apply to the whole variety of human actions. They are the most mobile in terms of reflecting and evaluating changes in employee relations.

An important component of moral duty is self-discipline. Neither the power of legal influence, nor the influence of the team in themselves, if they did not completely coincide with internal personal motives, conviction, conscience and passion, cannot yet be a solid guarantee that in the process of operational activities the employee will retain firmness of character and will not demoralized. Such a high level of development of a moral attitude towards duty is necessary, when not a single deed is committed contrary to self-consciousness, and the fulfillment of duty is reinforced by the dictates of conscience, when discipline, as the main expression of professional duty, becomes self-discipline. The fact is that self-discipline is a conscious need to fulfill the requirements of professional duty, an internal interest, a readiness to coordinate one's actions with the requirements of professional duty. Internal readiness to follow the requirements of the Oath, statutes and one's leaders, perceived as internal motives, as a necessity, is the highest measure of responsibility, readiness to fulfill professional duty not under duress, but according to conscience, voluntarily. The establishment of harmonious relations between the requirements of duty and personal moral motives, between duty and conscience, leads to the fact that social discipline, as the requirements of duty, rises to self-discipline. Duty becomes a moral need. Therefore, self-discipline is highly moral behavior, which is performed on the basis of the convergence of duty and conscience.

The concept of a moral criterion for the performance of professional duty by law enforcement officers includes not only its practical results, but also the motives of activity. Neither the objective consequences of the activity (its results), nor the subjective motives (the motives of the activity) individually give an answer to the question of the moral value of the performance of professional duty. To do this, it is important to find out the degree of responsibility of the employee for the fulfillment of the task and the awareness of its service and business importance, as well as the degree to which he takes into account the real possibilities of solving the problem and the consequences of his actions. In addition, the moral assessment of the specific behavior of an employee involves taking into account his previous activities.

The moral criterion of professional activity focuses on the maximum opportunities for the development of the moral forces of employees and is based on the deepening of the subjective side of professional duty.

In this regard, the category of moral responsibility becomes extremely important in the activities of law enforcement agencies, which in ethics is used in several meanings and to a large extent correlates with the category of professional duty, being to a certain extent one of its components. One content is embedded in this concept when we say that a person is responsible for his work. Another - when it comes to responsibility to society for a misdemeanor. The third - when we associate responsibility with conscience, the fourth - when responsibility is correlated with the category of freedom. One can speak of responsibility as a special property of consciousness, as a property of behavior, as a measure of social coercion, and so on. All these meanings do not contradict each other, but only emphasize one or another facet of this category. In any case, responsibility expresses the attitude of society or a person to the performance of a moral duty by the subject.

With regard to the specifics of law enforcement, which has as its attribute (mandatory, inalienable condition) a strict hierarchization of the entire law enforcement system, the following circumstance should be taken into account. With each promotion, transition to a higher rung of the career ladder, the leader increases the degree of freedom of his official activity. In other words, in a higher position, he receives the right to make an independent decision on more complex problems than in his previous position, when he was obliged in this regard to comply with the decisions of his superiors. But! And this should be firmly remembered: at the same time, the degree of his responsibility for the decision made also increases, because, being erroneous, it will negatively affect a much wider contingent of employees and frustrate the solution of a much more important task than those that were previously in the sphere of his competence. Therefore, a prerequisite for personnel policy is that an employee is only appointed to a higher position if he is able to understand and accept this higher responsibility.

Is it possible to hold accountable an investigator or a judge who acted within the framework of the law, but this law itself was not legal? Can a law enforcement agency be held liable if a misdemeanor or crime was committed by its employee? These and many other questions cannot be answered with a simple "yes" or "no". They require in-depth analysis and must be resolved in their own way in each case, taking into account all the circumstances that accompany them.

2 Honor and dignity

Among the most important categories of professional ethics is the category of honor. Honor is a positive social and moral assessment of a person or institution, authority, reputation; this is one of the main moral qualities, the highest degree of honesty, decency and nobility. Professional honor is the recognition by public opinion and the awareness by law enforcement officers themselves of the high social value (necessity and importance) of the selfless fulfillment of their duty. A sense of honor is a powerful mover of the deeds and actions of law enforcement officers. One can earn the title of "man of honor" only by impeccable performance of official duty and the requirements of morality. It is not easy to acquire this title, and to lose it, it is enough to commit just one unworthy act. No wonder our distant ancestors taught: "Take care of honor from a young age."

Most law enforcement officers are people of honor. It manifests itself in them primarily in the performance of their official duty. Its specificity is that in peacetime, the fulfillment of duty requires courage, endurance, and sometimes even self-sacrifice. As a rule, they do not talk about their high destiny, about the constant danger that accompanies them in the performance of their duty. They just do it, and people are grateful to them for it.

The honor of a law enforcement officer is inseparable from the honor of the team, the unit in which he carries out his difficult service. Therefore, he cannot afford anything that would dishonor his comrades in the service. The honor of the team is also its honor. Healthy ambition is no stranger to a law enforcement officer. Ambition, properly understood, does not harm the common cause, but, on the contrary, gives additional strength to carry it out. Another thing is when ambition is hypertrophied, it develops into careerism, when a person is ready to use the dirtiest means to achieve selfish goals.

The alloy of the honor of the employee and the honor of the team gives rise to a sense of pride, i.e. moral satisfaction of law enforcement officers from the awareness of their belonging to them. And although the authority of law enforcement agencies has significantly decreased in public opinion in recent years, the entire system of law enforcement agencies is still considered necessary by the people and is generally assessed positively. It is the duty of every employee to constantly raise the authority of law enforcement agencies in the eyes of public opinion and to revive the best traditions that they undoubtedly had. By the way, the honor of law enforcement officers is also manifested in relation to good traditions. Forgetting them, or even more so a dismissive attitude or ridicule, should be met with severe condemnation in the official environment. We must always remember that traditions are not just history, but a powerful means of educating the younger generation of people who stand guard over public order, including instilling in them a sense of honor.

At the same time, it should be emphasized that reliance on traditions presupposes their development, movement forward. People rightly believe that the old glory loves the new. The honor of law enforcement officers requires them to move forward, master modern technology and the latest techniques and methods to perform their professional duties. In this sense, it is important to study the experience and achievements of law enforcement agencies in other countries. This strengthens and elevates the honor and dignity of our law enforcement agencies, helps to more effectively fulfill their official duty.

Finally, about one more component of the category of honor - fidelity to a given word. Man of his word! This is such an important quality of a person that sometimes it is even identified with the concept of honor. You gave your word - keep it, promised something - do it. Otherwise, they will no longer respect you and will simply call you a talker, a liar, an optional person. Nothing so undermines the honor of a law enforcement officer as a violation of this word, a deviation from it. In the end, he inevitably loses authority, and an inevitable fiasco awaits him.

The category of honor, as follows from the above, is indeed one of the most important in the moral culture of a law enforcement officer. To cherish honor is a duty and a daily duty. The content of honor as a category largely depends on the level of a person's general culture, his spiritual and physical development, and the ability to think in a state-like manner. This must be constantly learned.

The category of honor very closely adjoins the category of dignity. These categories practically coincide in their objective content, but differ in form. The assessment of honor is an assessment of public opinion, and the assessment of dignity is primarily a matter of the individual himself. Of course, the last assessment does not take place in isolation from public opinion, just in this case the emphasis is shifted to one's own self-esteem, which is again based on the awareness of one's merits to society and one's personal self-worth.

In addition, honor is an uncompromising adherence to moral principles and norms focused on a moral ideal, moral upbringing, conviction, and dignity - in addition to the manner of behaving in a certain way in society, often acts as a reaction to one or another type of attitude towards oneself. This allows us to consider honor as a concept mainly ideological, and dignity - emotional.

It should be noted that if the concept of honor is rather unambiguous, then the concept of dignity has a multifaceted structure. So, if any person has a legal right to the protection of his dignity by law enforcement institutions, then this applies only to a certain minimum of forms of attitude towards the individual - due to the fact that she belongs to the human race and society constitutionally guarantees her the protection of this right. However, respect for the dignity of the individual by society is a huge range of different forms that have a multi-stage, hierarchical character - from mandatory observance of elementary rules of etiquette to strict observance of rituals, ceremonies, giving honors, expressing enthusiastic admiration, deep respect, etc. The degree of this respect is determined both by the social status of the individual, and by his merits, his authority, including his unsullied honor. The exact correspondence between the degree of personal merits and forms of address in relation to the personality of others depends on their moral upbringing, knowledge of etiquette rules, a sense of tact, as well as on their culture, including the culture of communication.

In self-esteem, an important role is played by a person's pride, which is based on the awareness of one's merits to society and people. In the same way, a sense of professional dignity is based on the understanding by law enforcement officers of the complexity, difficulty and importance for society of their profession, a sense of pride in their profession.

Proceeding from the self-worth of a person as a goal in himself, the dignity of his personality plays no less, but often a greater role than material well-being, health, and even life itself for the entire well-being and happiness of a person. A person can endure many hardships, but, as a rule, he does not tolerate humiliation that deprives him of self-esteem, the ability to respect himself. Without such respect, a person loses many of the properties of a person, often commits suicide, commits crimes.

Any belittling of human dignity inflicts terrible damage on our common spirituality, for it sanctifies the basest qualities of a person. For example, denunciation, anonymous letters from "moral zealots," whom Saltykov-Shchedrin rightly called "scoundrels on the right path," betrayal of loved ones and friends, bring meanness and conformity into our midst. Therefore, always and everywhere, the protection and protection of human dignity is the most important goal of all political and legal institutions and any statehood. This strongly puts forward the need to affirm the principle of human dignity as an absolute moral and legal principle of the rule of law. To counter the desire of some law enforcement officers to achieve professional goals at any cost, this principle:

establishes that only he has the right to apply the law to human behavior who truly respects the unique individuality of the other and does not allow him to be treated simply as a means, but always only as the goal of social development, to achieve the public good;
prohibits in the process of professional law enforcement communication to allow disregard, belittlement or infringement of the dignity of a person and prescribes to introduce into one’s behavior a sense of proportion and tact, objectivity and impartiality in relation to persons with whom a law enforcement officer comes into contact by virtue of the performance of official duties;
prescribes to make full use of the procedural and institutional possibilities of the established legal order in order to protect the dignity and rights of the individual from belittling and violation, whether by citizens or by state bodies and institutions.

It should be emphasized that the categories of honor and dignity are very close to the category of conscience. Therefore, the expressions "man of honor" and "conscientious man" seem almost identical.

Conscience is the awareness and feeling of a person’s moral responsibility for his behavior, for the deed or intended action in front of other people, which serves as a guide for him in assessing and choosing his intentions and actions that meet the needs of the progressive development of society and each individual. What does it mean to act according to conscience? In the most general terms, this means thinking and acting in accordance with the requirements of morality. If morality requires a person to do good, and he brings evil to people, reproaches of conscience begin to torment him. Morality requires a person to be fair in relations with other people, and if he does the opposite, then he acts against the call of conscience. The same can be said about the violation of all other requirements of morality.

The demands of conscience are internal, not external, and, figuratively speaking, one cannot run away from them. You can not come to the aid of the victim, close your eyes to violations of the law by a colleague, escape from just punishment - you can’t just run away from conscience, because you can’t run away from yourself. Conscience is the inner guardian of people's behavior, encouraging them to do good deeds and not allowing them to cross the line separating good from evil. “Conscience is a dangerous thing,” says one of Shakespeare’s heroes, “because of it, a person gets into shorts: he wants to steal - his conscience does not order, to swear - his conscience will stop, he will sin with someone else’s wife - his conscience will immediately convict him” 5 .

The basis, the basis of conscience is the understanding and experience of moral values by a person. Knowing, for example, that the protection of human rights is a requirement of society, conscience strongly protests against their violation or ignoring in general. A duty or any other obligation can be performed in different ways: under pain of punishment or at the behest of the heart, that is, according to conscience, by virtue of a deep conviction that it is necessary to fulfill it. Punishment can be avoided in the end, from the overseer - to run away, from conscience - no. It is conscience that characterizes the essence of man. The loss of conscience, even the belittling of this feeling, means the degradation of the human principle of the personality.

Forms of manifestation of conscience in people can be very different. Conscience, in particular, manifests itself in the form of moral satisfaction. Indeed, a duty done, helping a person in need, protection from a rapist, respectful attitude towards elders, a woman, caring for children, even if associated with experiences, difficulties, and even risk to life, cause a person to feel spiritual satisfaction, happiness and joy from what you have done. A person breathes easily and freely, he looks at the world with open eyes. The people call such a conscience clear, and its bearers - people with a clear conscience. Unfortunately, there are others that you can't say the same about. These are rather people with a black conscience, which, perhaps, is tantamount to its absence. These are people without conscience, but they can never be happy in their hearts, because only the one who finds moral recognition from society, the collective, and other people is happy.

Another form of manifestation of conscience is shame, a sense of shame. A sense of shame is experienced both in front of other people for an immoral act that has become known to them, and in front of oneself - for an act or acts that people, comrades in the service, may not even be aware of. This shame manifests itself in the form of remorse. In the latter case, moral experiences, mental torments can acquire even greater strength than in the first case. “Shame,” K. Marx noted, “is a kind of anger, only turned inward” 6 .

And only repentance, an open admission of one's guilt can free the soul from the pangs of conscience. The ministers of the church, who developed a whole ritual of repentance, did not comprehend the psychology of people so badly. In order to "cleanse", to relieve the soul, to receive "absolution", many people who despised the norms of morality resorted to donations for the construction of churches, other charitable institutions, schools, orphanages. Honest admission of one's guilt, deep repentance for what has been done, honest work, honest service are the main medicine for cleansing one's conscience. Even Democritus wrote that repentance for shameful deeds is the salvation of life.

Conscience can be realized in the form of doubt. Doubt is the result of ignorance or incomplete knowledge, haste or ignorance of objective laws, concessions to oneself or group interests, etc. Therefore, a person is tormented by doubts: did I do the right thing? This question does not allow a person to live in peace: he seems to be both right and wrong, and at the heart of this feeling is a restless conscience.

Doubt as a form of manifestation of conscience is especially often observed in interpersonal relationships. To tell or not to tell comrades in the service that one of them did not return the money borrowed. To say: they may not understand and still be accused of pettiness. Not to say: it means to substitute one of them, someone will become another victim of a deceiver and a dishonorable person. The criterion for resolving this, like any other, problem should be the objective interests of society, the collective or even the individual, but taken from the point of view of the good. In the latter case, the one who gave the money is simply obliged to tell about the uncleanliness of the debtor, because this is for the benefit of both the giver and the receiver, and the entire team.

In short, conscience acts as a tremendous motivating force. Its categorical character - live and serve according to your conscience - to some extent brings it closer to the category of duty. Conscience can rightly be called the other side of duty. The external imperative, sharply expressed in duty, is presented in conscience as internal. Both the sense of duty and the sense of conscience are based on self-awareness, self-assessment of personal attitude to the world around, to the moral norms in force in society.

The human conscience is immunity from many moral diseases. It does not allow a law enforcement officer to carelessly treat the assigned case, lie, deceive, steal, be rude, hypocritical, etc. But it can be such only if it is based on the norms of true morality: goodness, duty, justice, and a sensitive attitude towards people. Law enforcement officers should understand and be proud of the fact that the mission of their profession is deeply moral and noble.

conclusions

Duty is a social categorical imperative. The concept of duty has become for I. Kant the main category of morality: it is the sense of duty that determines the moral behavior of a person.

Duty becomes a social necessity, expressed in preventive demands in the form in which they appear before a certain person, with the aim of spreading the requirements of morality equally to all people. Therefore, a person acts as a bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in their professional activities.

At the same time, duty is closely connected with such concepts as responsibility, self-consciousness, conscience, and motive.

Duty is a social necessity, expressed in the moral requirements for the individual.

Fulfilling the requirements of duty, the individual acts as the bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in its activities. The sphere of morality is rightly called the sphere of due. Be kind, be honest, be fair.

Be! - duty not only clearly formulates the idea itself, but also gives it an imperative character, calls, demands, insists on its implementation. To be a man of duty means not only to know its essence, its requirements, but also to follow these requirements in practice. Many of the great personalities highly valued the sense of duty. I. Kant noted, for example, that duty is precisely that great thing that elevates a person above himself.

List of used literature

Huseynov A.A. Great moralists. M., 1995.
Egoryshev S.V., Rostovsky A.N., Suleimanov T.F. Professional ethics of police officers. Lecture course. - M., 2005.
Code of professional ethics for employees of internal affairs bodies. – December 2008.
Kolontaevskaya I.F. Pedagogy of professional education of police personnel foreign countries: Monograph. M.: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2002.
Kukushin V.M. Police deontology: Sociological analysis of foreign concepts. M., 1994.

1 Kushnarenko I.A. Professional ethics of police officers. Tutorial, M., 2008 .

2 Kushnarenko I.A. Professional ethics of police officers. Textbook, M., 2008.

3 Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities. 2nd ed., rev. and additional / Ed. Naumkina Yu.V. M., 2002. (Chapters 11 - 16).

4 Gutseriev Kh.S., Salnikov V.P., Fedorov V.P., Khudyak A.I. Legal and spiritual culture of law enforcement officers. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.

5 Professional ethics of law enforcement officers. Textbook / Ed. G.V. Dubova. M., 2006. Ch. USh

6 Egoryshev S.V., Rostovsky A.N., Suleimanov T.F. Professional ethics of police officers. Lecture course. - M., 2005

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Duty is a social necessity, expressed in the moral requirements for the individual. Fulfilling the requirements of duty, the individual acts as the bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in its activities. In the category of debt, the imperative motive is strong. Duty not only clearly formulates the idea itself, but also gives it an imperative character: it calls, demands, insists on its implementation. To be a man of duty means not only to know its essence, its requirements, but also to follow these requirements in practice.

Many of the greats valued a sense of duty. I. Kant wrote that duty is precisely that great thing that elevates a person above himself.

The official duty of a law enforcement officer is moral in its objective and subjective terms. The moral value of the objective content of duty lies in the fact that it is subject to the solution of the highest and most just task: protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, ensuring the security of one's country, and strengthening the rule of law. However, the potential possibilities of official duty can manifest themselves only if they are supplemented by a subjectively moral attitude towards it, when public duties are perceived and realized as personal, as a deep need and conviction in the justice and righteousness of the cause you serve.

The duty of law enforcement officers is a high and honorable duty arising from the subjective needs of protecting the individual, society, state, consecrated by state legal requirements and internal moral motives.

The coincidence of dominant desire with duty is a kind of apotheosis of morality. However, these concepts must be distinguished. Duty is a requirement of society, a team, and the desired is an attribute of the individual. Ultimately, duty works to achieve the desired, and the desired, if properly understood, leads to the fulfillment of duty.

In duty, the active nature of morality is directly manifested. It not only gives a clear form to the idea and goals, but also encourages and requires their achievement. Therefore, public duty is an active consciousness. The attitude to public duty characterizes not only the individual, but also the collective. Law enforcement agencies attach paramount importance to debt as a direct regulator of the activities of their employees.

The moral duty of law enforcement officers has an objective and subjective side. The objective is determined by the need to protect the security of the state and society, to ensure the rights and freedoms of its citizens. The subjective one represents clearly defined tasks set by the state for law enforcement agencies: the consciousness and responsibility of employees, the willingness and ability of everyone to realize the requirements of moral duty, their place and role in the common cause, and make high demands on themselves.

The specificity of the requirements of the official duty of law enforcement officers is due to the nature of the tasks, the characteristics of the organization, the uniqueness of the conditions in which their activities take place.

Due to the specifics of the organization of law enforcement agencies, moral relations in them are regulated by the rules of law in more detail than in other areas. Therefore, duty is not so much a wish as a requirement of the state and society. The moral content of the debt is supported by legal requirements that have the force of law. Through the moral basis of duty, high qualities are revealed - diligence, reasonable initiative, selflessness and courage, dignity and honor.

The commonality of legal and moral requirements is characteristic of all Russian legislation in legal acts regulating the activities of law enforcement agencies, the interaction and interpenetration of these two types of social requirements is closer and deeper. The requirements of a legally formalized professional duty, expressed in the Oath, statutes, instructions, instructions, contain both a moral assessment and a legal norm.

Consequently, professional duty is a unity of legal and moral aspects.

An important component of moral duty is self-discipline. Such a high level of development of a moral attitude towards duty is necessary, when not a single deed is committed contrary to self-consciousness, and the fulfillment of duty is reinforced by the dictates of conscience, when discipline, as the main expression of professional duty, becomes self-discipline. Internal readiness to follow the requirements of the Oath, statutes, one's leaders, perceived as an internal motivation - this is the highest measure of responsibility, the readiness to fulfill professional duty not under duress, but in conscience, voluntarily.

The moral measure of professional duty is the practical sphere, which is formed from the relationship to the state and society and employees to each other. The concept of a moral criterion for the fulfillment of professional duty includes not only its practical results, but also the motives of activity. In addition, the moral assessment of the specific behavior of an employee involves taking into account his previous activities.

ESSAY ON THE TOPIC "MORAL AND SERVICE DUTY

LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER:

MATTERS OF CORRELATION»

1. The concept and characteristics of the call of duty

So, if duty is understood as a moral obligation of a person, performed voluntarily and under the influence of not only external requirements, but also internal moral motives, conscience, then, in our opinion, official duty is the ability to successfully perform professional duty in accordance with the requirements of the law. An analysis of legislation and judicial practice allows us to come to this conclusion.

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The Decree of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation of December 23, 1992 N 4202-1 "On the approval of the Regulations on service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and the text of the Oath of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation" states: "For exemplary performance of official duty, employees who served in the internal affairs bodies did not less than ten years old, may be awarded the honorary badge "Honored Officer of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation";

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TEST

On the subject: "Professional ethics of police officers"

Topic: "Professional duty, honor and dignity of law enforcement officers."

Plan.

Introduction.

1. Professional honor as a moral basis for the cohesion of the service team.

2. Duty and moral responsibility of police officers.

3. Professional dignity and "honor of uniform".

4. Ethics of legitimate violence.

List of used literature.

Introduction.

Consciousness is the highest form of reflection of social life. It is a prerequisite and regulator of human behavior. All subjective and objective factors that give rise to both lawful and unlawful, and partly criminal behavior converge in consciousness. It experiences a certain influence of the material and other conditions of society, including law. Consciousness arises in the process of activity and manifests itself in it, therefore, an important element in the regulation of law enforcement is the professional consciousness of employees of the internal affairs bodies.

The structure of the professional consciousness of lawyers, in general, and employees of internal affairs bodies, in particular, includes two elements, professional (legal consciousness) and moral (moral consciousness).

Analyzing the elements of the structure of professional consciousness, it is necessary to keep in mind its unity and integrity. Since morality and law are inseparable from each other, it is also impossible to draw any clear boundary between moral and legal consciousness at any of the two levels of reflection of reality.

The scope of morality, moral consciousness, moral (ethical) culture is wider than legal: they regulate all social relations to a greater or lesser extent. Numerous studies have shown that it is possible to ensure socially adequate and law-abiding behavior of people in the conditions of the state only through moral and legal consciousness at the same time. Law cannot be cleansed of morality, separated from morality.

It should be borne in mind that in the course of legal regulation, the legislator uses, first of all, moral criteria. The basis of law is the norms of the prevailing morality, therefore legal norms have a moral content, expressed either directly or through a number of mediating links. This gives them a moral justification and moral authority. Therefore, when they talk about the moral basis of law, they mean that a certain moral aspect is inherent not only in the rules of law themselves, but also in the ways of their implementation. The same social needs, values and benefits are often protected by both legal and moral norms at the same time.

The mechanism of moral influence is subtler and more effective than legal regulation. Moral demands are addressed to the human conscience,

associated with self-regulation of actions, awareness of one's duty, a sense of justice. They are focused on the conscious and voluntary adherence to moral principles and norms. It should be emphasized that our laws are sufficiently flexible, as a rule, allowing their executor to choose the most expedient, fair decision from a set of alternatives. In the implementation of this choice, the decisive role is played by the norms of morality, moral consciousness.

If good is the object of human aspirations, good is activity, then duty, conscience, responsibility, dignity- concepts that reveal the value of the motive of moral activity. (P.M. Arkhangelsky).

Moral consciousness is centered on a core moral principle, which, together with other elements, characterizes the initial moral position of the individual. Such a core principle of the moral consciousness of law enforcement officers, in particular internal affairs bodies, is the principle of legality, following which is not only an official duty, but also a moral duty.

1. Professional honor as a moral basis for the cohesion of the service team.

Honor- the concept of moral consciousness and the category of ethics; includes the moments of the individual's awareness of his social significance and the recognition of this significance by society. Being a form of manifestation of the attitude of the individual to himself and society to the individual, honor regulates the behavior of a person and the attitude of others towards him in an appropriate way. Honor is based on a differentiated assessment of people. There are national, professional, collective and individual honor. (Philosophical Dictionary)

The category of honor is one of the most important categories of professional ethics. Honor is a positive social and moral assessment of a person or institution, authority, reputation; this is one of the main moral qualities, the highest degree of honesty, decency, nobility.

The categories of ethics are closely related to each other, the content of one of them, as a rule, is revealed through the use of others. The category of honor can only be understood through the use of such categories as dignity, responsibility, ambition, decency, truthfulness, etc.

professional honor- this is the recognition by public opinion and the awareness by law enforcement officers themselves of the high social value (necessity and importance) of the selfless fulfillment of their duty. The title of "man of honor" can be earned only by impeccable performance of duty and the requirements of morality.

Professional honor is manifested to law enforcement officers, primarily in the performance of their official duty. Its specificity is that in peacetime, the fulfillment of duty requires courage, endurance, and sometimes even self-sacrifice.

The honor of a law enforcement officer is inseparable from the honor of the team, the unit in which he serves. The honor of the team is also its honor. Healthy ambition is not an alien feeling for a law enforcement officer. Properly understood, ambition does not harm the common cause, but, on the contrary, gives additional strength to carry it out. Another thing is when ambition develops into careerism, when a person is ready to use the dirtiest means to achieve selfish goals.

The professional and moral potential of the service team is the degree of the ability of employees to resist crime, corruption, adequately overcome everyday difficulties and the negative impact of factors that weaken the sense of duty, responsibility, honor, professional and human dignity.

The alloy of the honor of the employee and the honor of the team gives rise to a sense of pride, i.e. moral satisfaction of law enforcement officers from the awareness of their belonging to them. It is the duty of every employee to constantly raise the authority of law enforcement agencies in the eyes of public opinion and revive the best traditions that they undoubtedly had. Traditions are not just history, but a powerful means of educating the young generation of people who stand guard over public order, including instilling in them a sense of honor.

At the same time, the honor of a law enforcement officer also requires moving forward, mastering modern technology and the latest techniques and methods for fulfilling one's professional duties.

One of the components of the category of honor is fidelity to a given word. This is such an important quality of a person that sometimes it is identified with the concept of honor. Nothing undermines the honor of a law enforcement officer more than breaking this word or departing from it.

The category of honor is indeed one of the most important in the moral culture of law enforcement officers. To cherish honor is a duty and a daily duty. The content of honor as a category largely depends on the level of a person's general culture, his spiritual and physical development, and his ability to think according to the state. This must be constantly learned.

2. Duty and moral responsibility of police officers.

Duty - it is a social necessity, expressed in the moral requirements for the individual. Fulfilling the requirements of duty, the individual acts as the bearer of certain moral obligations to society, which is aware of them and implements them in its activities. In the category of debt, the imperative motive is strong. Duty not only clearly formulates the idea itself, but also gives it an imperative character: it calls, demands, insists on its implementation. To be a man of duty means not only to know its essence, its requirements, but also to follow these requirements in practice.

Many of the greats valued a sense of duty. I. Kant wrote that duty is precisely that great thing that elevates a person above himself.

The official duty of a law enforcement officer is moral in its objective and subjective terms. The moral value of the objective content of duty lies in the fact that it is subject to the solution of the highest and most just task: protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, ensuring the security of one's country, and strengthening the rule of law. However, the potential possibilities of official duty can manifest themselves only if they are supplemented by a subjectively moral attitude towards it, when public duties are perceived and realized as personal, as a deep need and conviction in justice and the righteous cause that you serve.

Debt of law enforcement officers- this is a high and honorable duty arising from the subjective needs of protecting the individual, society, state, consecrated by state legal requirements and internal moral motives.

The coincidence of dominant desire with duty is a kind of apotheosis of morality. However, these concepts should be distinguished. Duty is a requirement of society, a team, and the desired is an attribute of the individual. Ultimately, duty works to achieve the desired, and the desired, if properly understood, leads to the fulfillment of duty.

In duty, the active nature of morality is directly manifested. It not only gives clear form to ideas and goals, but also encourages and requires their achievement. Therefore, public duty is an active consciousness. The attitude to public duty characterizes not only the individual, but also the collective. Law enforcement agencies attach paramount importance to debt as a direct regulator of the activities of their employees.

The moral duty of law enforcement officers has an objective and subjective side. The objective is determined by the need to protect the security of the state and society, to ensure the rights and freedoms of its citizens. The subjective one represents clearly defined tasks set by the state for law enforcement agencies: the consciousness and responsibility of employees, the readiness and ability of everyone to realize the requirements of moral duty, their place and role in the common cause, and make high demands on themselves.

The specificity of the requirements of the call of duty of law enforcement officers is due to the nature of the tasks, the characteristics of the organization, the uniqueness of the conditions in which their activities take place.

Due to the specifics of the organization of law enforcement agencies, moral relations in them are regulated by the rules of law in more detail than in other areas. Therefore, debt is not so much a wish as a requirement of the state and society. The moral content of debt is supported by legal requirements that have the force of law. Through the moral basis of duty, high qualities are revealed - diligence, reasonable initiative, selflessness and courage, dignity and honor.

Consequently, professional duty is a unity of legal and moral aspects.

An important component of moral duty is self-discipline. Such a high stage of development of a moral attitude towards duty is necessary, when not a single deed is committed contrary to self-consciousness, and the fulfillment of duty is reinforced by the dictates of conscience, when discipline, as the main expression of professional duty, becomes self-discipline. Internal readiness to follow the requirements of the Oath, statutes, one's leaders, perceived as an internal motivation, is the highest measure of responsibility, readiness to fulfill professional duty not under compulsion, but in conscience, voluntarily.

The moral measure of professional duty is the practical sphere, which is formed from the relationship to the state and society and employees to each other. The concept of moral criterion for the fulfillment of professional duty includes not only its practical results, but also the motives of activity. In addition, the moral assessment of the specific behavior of an employee involves taking into account his previous activities.

In this regard, the category of moral responsibility.

The category of moral responsibility largely correlates with the category of professional duty, being to a certain extent one of its components. Responsibility expresses the attitude of society or a person towards the fulfillment by the subject of a moral duty.

Moral responsibility can conditionally be divided into internal and external. Internal responsibility is the ability of a person to realize the consequences of his actions and act in accordance with this awareness, guided by moral standards. External responsibility acts in the form of social sanctions for the actions of the individual.

Sometimes responsibility is divided into positive and negative. Positive responsibility is the conscious and conscientious fulfillment by a person of the requirements placed on him. It focuses on the proper performance by the subject of the duties assigned to him. Negative responsibility is the reaction of society or the individual to committed misconduct.

Moral responsibility differs from legal responsibility, which is always associated with the use of measures of state coercion. With the moral responsibility of the sanction to the subject, immoral actions can be presented not only by society, but also by the subject itself. Moral responsibility is associated primarily with public or private condemnation.

In this regard, the question arises about measure of responsibility. There is a clear legal framework for determining legal liability. Moral responsibility has no such framework. The measure of moral responsibility to a sufficient extent has subjective grounds, because society or the person himself in each specific situation determines to what extent and in what form to condemn the offender. However, this does not mean that the measure of moral responsibility is devoid of objective grounds. Such grounds are the degree of harm caused by the misconduct and the degree of guilt of the offender.

The measure of responsibility for moral choice follows from the dialectic of freedom and necessity. The individual is responsible to the extent of freedom of choice, i.e. it is only responsible for what it objectively could and subjectively had to choose and realize in an act.

In recent years, the island has raised the question of the responsibility of law enforcement agencies and their employees for their actions. The essence of this question is the following: to what extent and for what they can and should be held responsible.

The measure of responsibility, as noted above, is determined by the measure of freedom of choice, i.e. the presence of objective opportunities for alternative actions and the degree of adherence to moral requirements. Law enforcement officials should be held accountable for specific illegal or immoral actions of specific persons or state bodies. However, in reality, the assessment of the actions of a person or an entire organization does not always fit into one formula or another. Many issues require in-depth analysis and must be resolved in their own way in each specific case, taking into account all the circumstances that accompany them.

3. Professional dignity and "honor of uniform".

The category of honor is very closely related to the category dignity. These categories practically coincide in their objective content, but differ in form. The assessment of honor is an assessment of public opinion, and the assessment of dignity is primarily a matter of the individual himself. In this case, the emphasis is shifted to one's own self-esteem, which is based on the awareness of one's services to society and one's personal self-worth.

Dignity often acts as a reaction to one or another type of attitude towards oneself. This allows us to consider honor as an ideological concept, and dignity as an emotional one.

The concept of dignity has a multifaceted structure. So, if any person has a legal right to the protection of his dignity by law enforcement institutions, then this applies only to a certain minimum of forms of attitude towards the individual - due to the fact that she belongs to the human race and society constitutionally guarantees her the protection of this right. However, respect for the dignity of the individual by society is a huge range of different forms that have a multi-stage, hierarchized character - from the obligatory observance of elementary rules of etiquette to the strict observance of rituals, ceremonies, giving honors, etc. the degree of this respect is determined both by the social status of the individual and by his merits, authority, including unsullied honor.

A sense of professional dignity is based on the understanding by law enforcement officers of the complexity, difficulty and importance for society of their profession, a sense of pride in their profession.

Dignity for a person has no less, but often a greater role than material well-being, health, or even life itself.

Therefore, always and everywhere protection and protection of human dignity is the most important goal of all political and legal institutions and any statehood. This puts forward the need to affirm the principle of human dignity as an absolutely moral and legal principle of law and order. This principle:

establishes that only he has the right to apply the law to human behavior, who truly respects the unique individuality of the other and does not allow him to be treated simply as a means, but always only as a goal of social development, to achieve the common good;

prohibits in the process of professional law enforcement communication to allow neglect, derogation or infringement of the dignity of the individual and orders to introduce into one’s behavior a sense of proportion and tact, objectivity and impartiality in relation to the people with whom a law enforcement officer comes into contact due to the performance of official duties;

· requires full use of the procedural and institutional possibilities of the established legal order in order to protect the dignity and rights of the individual from derogation and violation, whether by citizens or by state bodies and institutions.

concept "honor of uniform" can be defined as a set of moral qualities that should be inherent in a law enforcement officer: selfless performance of his official duty in accordance with such concepts as: professional honor of an employee and the honor of a team, loyalty to the profession, a sense of professional dignity, professional conscience, moral responsibility. This is reflected in the Code of Honor for the ordinary and commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation:

P-f 1. The duty of honor of an employee of the internal affairs bodies is to be an example in the implementation of the laws of the Russian Federation, respect and protection of the individual, human dignity of a citizen, regardless of his origin, nationality, social status, political, religious or worldview beliefs in accordance with the Constitution, international legal norms and universal human principles morals.

Pf 2. To be faithful to the oath, to civil and official duty, to be deeply aware of one's personal responsibility for protecting the life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens, property, the interests of society and the state from criminal and other illegal encroachments.

P-f 4. remember the old Russian rule: "Honor is in the service!". To honestly and conscientiously perform official duties in any assigned area, to act effectively and professionally in the detection and investigation of crimes, and to protect public order.

Pf 5. Do not lose self-control and dignity in the forced and lawful use of physical force and special means, when negotiations or persuasion turned out to be ineffective.

P-f 9. With honor and dignity to wear uniforms. With all his behavior, set an example of high decency and tactful treatment of others, both in the service, and in the family and at home.

P-f 12. It is a high honor to earn the right to be proud of your profession, to worthily bear the title of an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.

4. The ethics of legitimate violence.

When considering the problem of moral choice, including the correlation of goals and means in law enforcement, the question arises of the admissibility and limits of the application of legal coercion measures, special means of combating crime. On the one hand, the use of these means is caused by objective circumstances: without the use of legal coercion, it is impossible to fight crime. On the other hand, these measures infringe on the personal freedom of citizens. Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states that the rights and freedoms of man and citizen may be limited by federal law only to the extent necessary to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, morality, health, rights and legitimate interests of others, to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state.

The use of legal enforcement measures does not always have a positive impact on the law enforcement officers themselves. There may be a deformation of moral consciousness, a change in some personal qualities. Thus, it is necessary to determine what is the measure, the validity of the application of measures of legal coercion in each individual case.

Given the nature of the activities of law enforcement agencies, special attention should be paid to morally acceptable behavior, as the most significant for them and ambiguously assessed.

Morally permissible behavior is within the framework of morality, but due to the action of objective circumstances, it is not ideal or desirable from the point of view of ordinary morality. Refusal of measures of legal coercion in relation to offenders would be immoral in relation to other citizens and society. The lower the crime rate, the higher the bar of moral permissibility should be raised and the less opportunity there should be for law enforcement to use the above means.

Acceptable behavior deviates from the moral ideal, but is the norm for certain specific circumstances. The legal system is forced to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens and the legitimate interests of society, using means that are unacceptable to society in ordinary situations, but necessary to maintain social health.

Moral permissibility establishes a limit, a boundary beyond which the immoral begins. The criterion for determining this limit is not subjective arguments, but a set of objective conditions. For example, one can find excuses for an investigator who, literally and figuratively, knocks out testimony, but one cannot recognize his actions as morally permissible. In the same way, deceit, silence, and the use of secret assistants by law enforcement agencies can be assessed.

The psychological aspect is very important in the content of morally permissible behavior. It consists in a person's understanding that under given conditions it is precisely such behavior that is the only possible one. This allows a person to gain confidence in the correctness of his actions, and at the same time does not give him the opportunity to cross the line of the unacceptable. With morally acceptable behavior, a person should experience remorse not for deviating from the norm-ideal in general, but because he chose not the most moral path.

An action performed on the basis of moral permissibility is determined by the following criteria:

Causes the least damage;

· Has the most moral consequences, ie. receives universal approval;

· The interests of the largest circle of people are observed;

· The principle of reasonable sufficiency of the funds used is respected.

A law enforcement officer should constantly cultivate the ability of moral thinking, moral analysis of the situation, in order to determine the compliance of his actions with moral permissibility in each specific case. The moral upbringing of an employee should be his professional quality, allowing him to carry out his activities in such a way that professional interest does not lose moral guidelines in it.

List of used literature.

1. Ethics of law enforcement officers. Textbook edited by Dubov G.V. - M., 2002

2. Buldenko K.A. Professional ethics and aesthetic culture of law enforcement officers. – Khabarovsk, 1993

3. Kukushkin N.V. Your professional ethics. - M., 1994

4. Professional ethics of law enforcement officers. Tutorial. - M., 1997

5. Philosophical Dictionary, edited by Frolov I.T. - M., 1991