Accounting in insurance organizations. How is insurance bookkeeping done?

The need for companies to resort to insurance is primarily due to such a principle as protection against unforeseen financial losses, as well as the ability to compensate for these losses. In the article we will tell you how to reflect insurance in accounting, consider the main transactions.

Organizations and individual entrepreneurs often face such types of insurance as:

car insurance;
property insurance;
voluntary health insurance for employees.

There are several insurance systems: it can be both mandatory and voluntary. We will figure out how to correctly account for the costs of these types of insurance in the accounting department of the enterprise.

How to record car insurance in accounting

Any company that has a car at its disposal, in addition to the cost of maintaining it, also bears the cost of insurance. Speaking about car insurance, we mean 3 types of insurance: OSAGO, DSAGO and CASCO.

When insuring CASCO, insurance companies undertake to reimburse the insured for the cost of restoring the car in the event of an accident or pay the cost of the car in case of theft. Moreover, regardless of whose fault the accident occurred, in which the car was damaged. This type of insurance is only voluntary. The obligatory type of insurance for a car is OSAGO. Under this insurance contract, damages that may be caused to third parties are indemnified.

But it happens that the established limit of indemnities under OSAGO is insufficient to cover the losses of the injured party. Therefore, there is another type of voluntary auto insurance - DSAGO. For any type of insurance, a contract is concluded. The organization must keep these types of contracts for 5 years.

Sometimes, to conclude a contract, it is required to pass a technical inspection and obtain a diagnostic card.

The cost of passing the technical inspection is reflected in the posting:

D20 (26) K60 - the cost of technical inspection was charged to expenses

The receipt of the policy must be taken into account on an off-balance account, for example, account 13 “CTP, DSAGO, CASCO policies”, posting:

D13 - the policy is taken into account

As follows from the Accounting Regulations, the cost of auto insurance is included in the cost price as expenses for ordinary activities. At enterprises, in accounting, insurance costs are reflected on the date when the insurance contract comes into force, and if there is no date (a specific date) - in the month in which the insurance premium is paid.

In cases where the lines of the insurance contract exceed 1 month, the insurance premium is deducted from the costs every month.

The wiring looks like this:

D20 (26) K76-1 - the insurance premium is charged to expenses

In the event that the insurance contract is concluded for a period of not more than one month, the insurance premium must be included in the costs in the month in which the contract enters into force.

Wiring:

D20 (26) K76-1 - insurance premium charged to expenses

When the contract is concluded not from the first day of the month, it is necessary to calculate the amount of expenses in accordance with the number of days remaining until the end of the month. When the contract was terminated before its expiration, then part of the premium is returned from the insurance company:

D51 K76-1 - part of the insurance premium received

In this case, you need to write off the policy:

K13 - written off policy

How to reflect property insurance in accounting

The most common forms of insurance are insurance against the risk of loss or damage to specific property. After the conclusion of the property insurance contract, an insurance policy is issued. At the same time, property insurance is carried out at the actual insured value, but not higher than the sale price, or based on the prices in force at the time of the acquisition of this property.

Property insurance can be both voluntary and mandatory. However, in general, this type of insurance is not included in the list of mandatory types of insurance, with the exception of cases provided for by law. Settlements for property insurance, as well as for a car, are reflected in account 76-1.

On the date of payment of the insurance premium, it is necessary to reflect in the accounting:

D76-1 K51 - paid insurance premium

Reflected by wiring:

D20(26) K97(76-1) - insurance costs included

When the insurance contract is concluded for a period of up to 1 month, the costs of it are included in the expenses of the month when the insurance payment was made.

How to reflect employee insurance in accounting

Making medical insurance for employees of the organization is one of the ways to show care for the staff. Moreover, such care is encouraged at the legislative level, providing such companies with various tax breaks. At the initiative of the employer, contracts can be drawn up for employees health insurance. In this case, insurance is considered voluntary.

Settlements for such insurance are also carried out on account 76-1. On the date of payment of the insurance premium, the following posting is made:

D76-1 K51 - the insurance premium has been paid.

At the same time, in the case when the contract is concluded for a period of more than one month, the costs are written off monthly during the entire term of the contract:

If the contract is concluded for a period of not more than one month, the expenses are taken into account as expenses in the month when the contract is concluded or insurance is paid:

D20(26) K76-1 - insurance costs are included in the costs.

An example of reflecting insurance

The Horns and Hooves company decided to insure its employees and concluded a voluntary medical insurance agreement for employees from 05/25/2017 to 05/24/2018 (term 365 days), paying an insurance premium of 25,000.00 rubles. On the day of registration of insurance, the posting is made:

date	business transaction	Debit	Credit	Amount, rubles
24.05.2017	Insurance premium payment	76-1	51	25000,00
May 31, 2017	Written off insurance costs	26	76-1	25000.00/365days*7days = 479.45

How to reflect insurance costs in 1C

Consider how to spend insurance costs in 1C using the example of buying an OSAGO policy. On September 1, 2016, Veda LLC executed an OSAGO agreement for a period of 1 year, worth 7128 rubles. Payment for the insurance policy is carried out in the documents "Write-off from the current account", type of operation "Other write-off" (D76.01K51). Then, on a monthly basis, an amount of 1/12 of OSAGO should be written off in the documents “Receipt of goods and services, type of operation “Services”. Be sure to specify the counterparty, contract number, settlement account.

The table indicates the debit account (for example, 26), service and amount.

The wiring will be like this:

D 26 K 76.01,
the amount is calculated as follows: 7128 rubles / 12 months = 594 rubles.

Answers to common questions

Question number 1. Do I need to include the cost of property insurance in its initial cost?

In the event that the cost of insurance was not due to the purchase of new property, the cost of insurance cannot be included in the initial cost of such property. When insurance is tied to the purchase of a new property, such costs must be included in the initial cost of the property.

Question number 2. Our organization bought a car and signed an OSAGO contract. Should these costs be included in deferred expenses? To what account is it more correct to attribute OSAGO insurance?

Question number 3. Our company paid the insurance premium under a property insurance contract through an insurance broker. Can we take into account such expenses when calculating income tax?

Sure you can. An insurance broker is an intermediary between an insurance company and your company. They also provide services in concluding insurance contracts.

3.2 Accounting for direct insurance transactions

The main activity of insurance organizations is the provision of insurance services. According to the Law of the Russian Federation “On the organization of insurance business in the Russian Federation”, insurance is a relationship for the protection property interests physical and legal entities upon the occurrence of certain events (insured events) at the expense of monetary funds formed from insurance premiums (insurance contributions) paid by persons.

In this regard, the most important task of accounting in insurance organizations is the correct, timely and complete reflection of information on concluded insurance contracts, on due and received insurance premiums (contributions), on insurance reserves being formed, as well as on declared losses and on insurance payments made. The solvency of the organization, its financial stability and the ability to timely fulfill obligations under insurance contracts largely depend on the success of solving this problem.

Based on this, the main tasks of accounting are:

Checking the correctness of the documentation and legality of insurance operations;

Verification of the correctness of the conclusion of insurance contracts and the validity of insurance payments;

Control over the correctness of maintaining a journal of concluded insurance contracts and a loss accounting journal;

Ensuring the timeliness, completeness and correctness of settlements under insurance contracts, as well as settlements with insurance agents and insurance brokers;

Ensuring the correct formation of insurance reserves;

Finding opportunities for the most rational investment of assets covering insurance reserves on the terms of liquidity, profitability and reliability;

Control over the timeliness and completeness of the fulfillment of obligations under insurance contracts;

Reliable reflection in registers accounting information on received insurance premiums, formed insurance reserves, as well as on insurance payments made for each type of insurance.

In addition, an important task of accounting staff is to provide the necessary information to the management of the organization and to insurance departments, as well as to provide reliable and timely information to the insurance supervisory authority on insurance premiums, insurance payments, etc.

Insurance fee. In accordance with Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the organization of insurance business in the Russian Federation" insurance premium is the payment for insurance, which the policyholder is obliged to pay to the insurer in accordance with the insurance contract (if voluntary insurance) or law (when compulsory insurance).

Depending on the types of insurance and how it is carried out in practice, the insurance premium is also called the insurance premium, and cash, coming to the account of the insurer for insurance operations from the insured, - the insurance premium.

The property interests protected by insurance are very diverse. These are buildings, equipment, loss of earnings, compensation for harm caused, etc. It is impossible to satisfy them with compensation in kind. Only money can be a universal means of satisfying insurance needs. Hence, the resources that insurers must have to ensure their insurance obligations can also be formed only in cash. Therefore, insurance premiums must also be paid in cash. Although in practice there are cases of payment of insurance premiums securities and other property, which is currently not prohibited by applicable law.

The receipt of insurance premiums (insurance premiums) is the main source of income for an insurance organization, and the main indicators of the insurer's activity - profit, the amount of insurance reserves, etc. - depend on their volume.

To account for the receipt of insurance payments under insurance contracts, a balance sheet account 92 “Insurance premiums (contributions)” is intended.

Under the cash method, incoming insurance premiums(contributions) are reflected in the credit of account 92 in correspondence with the debit of the accounts of the corresponding funds by posting:

Debit 50 "Cashier" (51 "Settlement account", 52 "Currency account") Credit 92 "Insurance premiums (contributions)" for the amount received insurance premium to the cash desk (to a current account, foreign currency account) of an insurance organization.

When using the accrual method, balance sheet account 77 “Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance”, sub-account “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with policyholders” is used. In this case, the debit of this account takes into account the accrued amounts of insurance premiums due to receipt on the accounts or in the cash desk of the insurance organization on the basis of concluded insurance contracts (policies), in correspondence with account 92.

Posting is done in accounting:

Debit 77 “Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance”, subaccount-1 “Settlements for insurance premiums with policyholders”

Loan 92 "Insurance contributions (premiums)" for the amount of the insurance premium due to be received by the insurance organization in accordance with the concluded insurance contract.

The actual receipt of funds in the payment of insurance premiums (contributions) is reflected in the posting:

Debit 50 "Cashier" (51 "Settlement account", 52 "Currency account") Credit 77 "Settlements for insurance", sub-account "Settlements for insurance premiums with policyholders".

Example. On December 1, 2004, OJSC IC Avtostrakh entered into an OSAGO agreement with the car owner A.B. Sergeyev for a period of 1 year. Insurance premium in the amount of 4000 rubles. was paid in cash at the conclusion of the contract. October 21, 2005 A.B. Sergeeva got into an accident and was injured. On November 29, 2005 IC "Avtostrakh" paid the insurance indemnity under the OSAGO agreement in the amount of 20,000 rubles.

The accountant of IC Avtostrakh made the following entries in the accounting:

Debit 77-1 Credit 92-1

- 4000 rubles. – the insurance premium is accrued;

Debit 50 Credit 77-1

- 4000 rubles. - received an insurance premium;

Debit 22-1 Credit 50

- 20,000 rubles. - insurance compensation paid.

At the same time, information about the due and received insurance premiums (contributions) is recorded in the Journal of concluded insurance contracts, the form of which is given in the table. 3.1. This journal is formed for each type of insurance conducted by the insurance organization, and for each type of currency in which insurance is carried out.

During the period of validity of the insurance contract, changes may be made to it at the initiative of the insured. Usually they are associated with an increase in the sum insured or an expansion of the list of services covered by the contract. As a result, the amount of the insurance premium (contribution) under the contract may increase (decrease).

In the event of an increase in the insurance premium (contribution), an additional amount of the insurance premium is accrued on the accounting accounts:

Debit 77-1 Credit 92-1 - additionally accrued the amount of the insurance premium.

When reducing the amount of the insurance premium, it is necessary to clarify in which period the terms of the insurance contract are changed.

Let's say that changes were made to the contract in the same reporting period (year) when it was concluded and entered into force. Then the amount of the reduction in the amount of the insurance premium is reflected by the reverse entry:

Debit 77-1 Credit 92-1

- the insurance premium under the contract has been adjusted.

However, amendments to the agreement related to a reduction in the amount of insurance coverage and, as a result, a decrease in the amount of insurance premium, may be made in the next reporting period. In such a situation, the methods of reflecting such a transaction depend on the state of settlements with the insured.

For example, the policyholder has made insurance premiums (contributions), and then the terms of the contract have changed and the amount of the contribution has decreased. In this case, the insurer returns part of the insurance premiums to the insured in accordance with the new terms of the contract.

In the accounting of the insurance organization, the return of part of the insurance premium is reflected as follows:

Debit 22-5 Credit 50, 51 - part of the insurance premium was returned in accordance with the change in the terms of the contract.

Suppose that the insured has not paid the insurance premium in full. Then an additional agreement was concluded to reduce the insurance premium payable under the contract by the amount of the receivables of the insured. In such a situation, one of the following entries must be made in the accounting of the insurance company:

Debit 91-2 Credit 77-1 - the receivables of the insured were written off due to changes in the terms of the contract;

Debit 22-5 Credit 77-1 - the amount to be returned due to changes in the terms of the contract has been accrued.

The chosen option for offsetting counterclaims for the payment of an insurance premium by the insured and the return of part of the insurance premium by the insurance company in accordance with the changes made to the contract must be fixed in the accounting policy of the company.

Thus, for the loan of sub-account 77/1 “Settlements with insurers”, in correspondence with cash accounts, the following are reflected:

Excessively received insurance premiums (contributions);

The amounts of insurance premiums (contributions) received, but not executed in the prescribed manner, for example, when determining the specific sender of the payment.

On the debit of sub-account 77/1, in correspondence with the credit of the cash account, the insurance premiums (contributions) returned by the insured and other incorrectly received from them insurance premiums (contributions) are reflected. Upon receipt of funds as an advance payment under the general policy, insurance premiums are subject to accounting on account 92 in the amount and on the date of commencement of the organization's liability in accordance with insurance policies for individual lots of property subject to the general policy. If the general policy does not provide for the issuance of a policy for individual lots of property, then the funds received are taken into account on the account. 92 at the time of admission.

When determining financial results for the reporting period, the credit balance on account 92 is written off to the resulting account 99 "Profit and Loss". And in the accounting records, an entry is made:

Debit 92 "Insurance premiums (contributions)"

Loan 99 Profit and Loss.

Analytical Accounting. 92 must be maintained in the context of the types of insurance carried out by the insurance company (to ensure the completeness and availability of operational accounting information, dynamics analysis insurance portfolio etc.).

In paragraph 2 of Art. 317 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation it is said that “a monetary obligation may provide that it is payable in rubles in an amount equivalent to a certain amount in foreign currency or conditional monetary units».

Therefore, in some cases, in insurance contracts, the sum insured and the insurance premium are set in US dollars (or other foreign currency) or conventional monetary units. It should be remembered here that the sum insured is the basis for calculating the monetary obligations of the parties - the insurance premium and the insurance payment, and when determining them, the base must be the same, unless otherwise provided by the contract.

Insurance intermediaries. Participants insurance market are insurance intermediaries that play an active role in promoting insurance services and accompanying insurance consumers at all stages of concluding and operating insurance contracts.

Currently, the legal status of third parties acting in insurance legal relations as insurance representatives and intermediaries, referred to as insurance agents and insurance brokers, is determined by Article 8 of the Law Russian Federation dated November 27, 1992 N 4015-1 “On the organization of insurance business in the Russian Federation” (as amended as of July 21, 2005).

The main activity of agents is related to the promotion, organization of sales of insurance services from insurers to consumers. Agency promotion of insurance services is characterized by a high level of costs. The use of direct sales of insurance services via the telephone, the Internet significantly reduces the cost of promoting insurance services, allows you to use more financially attractive insurance conditions. Banks, communication institutions, supermarkets, travel agencies, car dealerships, etc. are widely involved in the direct sales resource.

The main difference insurance agent from the insurance broker is that the powers of the insurance broker are wider than the powers of the insurance agent, since the insurance broker has the right to act as a representative both on behalf of the insurer and on behalf of the insured on the basis of their instructions. Insurance brokers in the relationship between policyholders and insurers, and vice versa, act as intermediaries, and not on their behalf as insurance agents, but on their own behalf. Insurance agents, as you know, act only on behalf of the insurer.

At the same time, it should be noted that both individuals and legal entities can act as insurance brokers, which is similar to the subject composition of insurance agents. However, the legislator established and determined the status of an insurance broker only as an entrepreneur, which must be confirmed by the fact of state registration in the prescribed manner, while this is not required for insurance agents. The procedure and conditions for state registration of persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities are established federal law dated 08.08.2001 N 129-FZ "On state registration of legal entities" (as amended on 02.07.2005).

Insurance brokers are required to send a notice to the Insurance Supervision Department of their intention to carry out insurance intermediary activities. The notice shall be accompanied by the following information:

1) for individuals:

Full Name;

Passport data;

Legal address;

Notarized copy of the document on education and work book;

Regulations on the insurance broker;

2) for legal entities:

Full and abbreviated name of the organization;

Legal address;

Notarized copy of the state registration certificate;

Notarized copy of the charter;

Information about the amount of authorized capital.

After consideration by the insurance supervisory authority of the submitted documents, the insurance broker is issued a certificate of entry in the register of insurance brokers.

The register of insurance brokers operating in the territory of the Russian Federation, maintained by the Insurance Supervision Department, contains: registration number; the name of the broker; legal address; number of the certificate of entry in the register; date of issue (revocation) of the certificate.

To reflect transactions with the participation of an intermediary, accounts 77-5 “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents, insurance brokers” and 77-7 “Settlements with insurance agents, insurance brokers for remuneration” are used.

The commission accrued to an insurance agent or broker is reflected in accounting by posting:

Credit 77/5 "Settlements with insurance agents and brokers".

The amounts of commission actually paid to insurance agents and brokers are reflected in accounting by posting:

Debit 77/5 “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents and insurance brokers” Credit 50 “Cashier” (51 “Settlement account” ...)

The amounts of commissions accrued to insurance agents and brokers for concluding insurance contracts are reflected in the Journal of concluded insurance contracts (Table 3.1) and deducted when calculating the basic insurance premium.

If the insurance agent is an individual, then when paying him the amount of commission, income tax and contributions are made to state non-budgetary social funds. In this case, the following entries are made in accounting:

Debit 20 "Costs of doing business"

Loan 77/5 “Settlements on insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents and insurance brokers” commission was accrued;

Debit 77/5 “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents and insurance brokers” Credit 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, sub-account “for income tax” income tax was withheld from the amounts of remuneration in the generally established manner;

Debit 77/5 “Settlements on insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents and insurance brokers” Credit 69 “Settlements for social insurance and security”, subaccount “with the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation” a contribution of 1% to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation was withheld;

Debit 77/5 “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents and insurance brokers” “Settlements with insurance agents and brokers” Credit 50 “Cashier” (51 “Settlement account”) issued from the cash desk (transferred from the current account) to the insurance agent

Debit 26 " General running costs»

Loan 69 “Settlements for social insurance and social security” contributions to state extra-budgetary social funds were calculated in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Example. On March 1, 2004, a life insurance contract was concluded. The term of insurance is 365 days. The sum insured is 126 thousand rubles, the insurance premium is 120 thousand rubles. The rate of return is 5% per annum. Insurance agent's commission - 10 thousand rubles. Payment of insurance premiums in accordance with the insurance contract is made monthly in equal installments - 10 thousand rubles each. per month. The contract comes into force from the date of commencement of payment of the insurance premium. From this date, the liability of the insurer to the insured under the concluded contract arises. On the same day, the insured made a first installment of 10 thousand rubles to the cash desk of the insurance company.

After acceptance for execution of the contract, the following entries will be made in accounting:

Debit 77, sub-account 1 “Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with policyholders”, Credit 92, sub-account 1 “Insurance premiums (contributions) under insurance contracts (main)”, analytical account 1 “Life insurance” - 10 thousand rubles. - reflects the accrual of the insurance premium (income due);

Debit 50, sub-account 1 "Cashier of the organization", Credit 77, sub-account 1 "Settlements for insurance premiums (contributions) with policyholders" - 10 thousand rubles. - reflected the receipt of the insurance premium;

Debit 26 "General expenses", Credit 77, sub-account 7 "Settlements with insurance agents, insurance brokers for remuneration" - 10 thousand rubles. - reflects the amount of accrued remuneration due to the insurance agent;

Debit 77, sub-account 7 “Settlements with insurance agents, insurance brokers for remuneration”, Credit 50, sub-account 1 “Cashier of the organization” - 10 thousand rubles. - reflects the payment of remuneration to the insurance agent.

Insurance payments. According to Art. 9 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On the Organization of Insurance Business”, an insured event is an event that has occurred, provided for by an insurance contract (in case of voluntary insurance) or by law (in case of compulsory insurance), upon the occurrence of which the insurer is obliged to make an insurance payment to the insured, the insured person, the beneficiary or other third parties. Moreover, the event considered as an insured risk must have. signs of probability and randomness of its occurrence. In the event of an insured event with property, the insurance payment is made in the form of insurance compensation, in the event of an insured event with the identity of the insured or a third party, in the form of insurance coverage.

Insurance payments under insurance contracts are one of the main types of expenses of an insurance organization. The balance sheet account 22 “Payments under insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance contracts” is intended for accounting of insurance payments.

To account 22 “Payments under insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance agreements” sub-accounts can be opened:

22-1 "Insurance payments under insurance contracts (main)";

22-2 "Insurance payments under co-insurance agreements";

22-3 "Insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance";

22-4 "The share of reinsurers in insurance payments";

22-5 "Return of insurance premiums (contributions) and redemption amounts", etc.

Sub-account 22-1 "Insurance payments under insurance contracts" by the insurance company reflects insurance compensation paid to policyholders (beneficiaries) in the reporting period or sums insured in connection with the occurrence of an insured event, as well as payment of the insured's expenses incurred in order to reduce losses in cases where they were necessary or were incurred by him to fulfill the instructions of the insurer.

The debit of sub-account 22-1 “Insurance payments under insurance contracts (main)” reflects:

Amounts of insurance compensation paid or sums insured under insurance contracts in connection with the occurrence of an insured event - in correspondence with the credit of cash accounts or the credit of account 77 "Calculations for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance" (sub-account "Calculations for insurance premiums (contributions) with insurance agents, insurance brokers”), if the insurance agent, insurance broker sends the amounts of insurance premiums (contributions) for the payment of insurance compensation or sums insured under insurance contracts in connection with the occurrence of an insured event;

Amounts of reimbursed expenses of the insured made in order to reduce losses in cases where they were necessary or were made by him to fulfill the instructions of the insurer - in correspondence with cash accounts;

Amounts deducted from the insurance indemnity or sums insured to pay off the insured's debt to pay the next insurance premium - in correspondence with the credit of account 77 "Calculations for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance" (sub-account "Calculations for insurance premiums (contributions) with policyholders");

The amounts of accrued taxes from insurance payments in cases established by law - in correspondence with the credit of account 68 "Calculations on taxes and fees".

At the end of the reporting period, the debit balance of sub-account 22-1 "Insurance payments under insurance contracts (main)" is written off to the debit of account 99 "Profit and loss".

In a similar manner, records are kept on sub-account 22-2 “Insurance payments under co-insurance agreements”. At the same time, each insurer that is a participant in the co-insurance contract reflects on sub-account 22-2 “Insurance payments under co-insurance contracts” the insurance compensation paid under the co-insurance contract or the sums insured in the part attributable to its share in the co-insurance contract.

On sub-account 22-3 “Insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance”, insurance companies acting as a reinsurer in a reinsurance contract reflect the amounts due to compensation to the reinsurer for losses paid by him in the reporting period.

The debit of sub-account 22-3 “Insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance” in correspondence with the credit of account 77 “Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance” (sub-account “Settlements under contracts accepted for reinsurance”) accrues the amount due to compensation to the reinsurer for losses paid by him in the reporting period in the share attributable to the reinsurer in accordance with the reinsurance contract.

At the end of the reporting period, the debit balance of sub-account 22-3 "Insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance" is written off to the debit of account 99 "Profits and losses".

On sub-account 22-4 “Share of reinsurers in insurance payments”, insurance companies acting as a reinsurer in the reinsurance agreement reflect, in accordance with the reinsurance agreement, the share of reinsurers in insurance payments made in the reporting period.

On the credit of sub-account 22-4 "Share of reinsurers in insurance payments" in correspondence with the debit of account 77 "Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance" (sub-account "Settlements under contracts transferred to reinsurance"), the amount of the reinsurer's share in insurance payments for the reporting period.

At the end of the reporting period, the credit balance of sub-account 22-4 "Share of reinsurers in insurance payments" is credited to account 99 "Profit and loss".

Sub-account 22-5 “Refund of insurance premiums (contributions) and redemption amounts” reflects the insurance premiums (contributions) returned to policyholders, reinsurers, as well as paid redemption amounts in cases of early termination or change in conditions (reduction of the sum insured, etc.) of the contract insurance, coinsurance and reinsurance.

The debit of sub-account 22-5 “Refund of insurance premiums (contributions) and redemption amounts” reflects:

insurance premiums (contributions) returned to policyholders in cases of early termination or change in the conditions (reduction of the sum insured, etc.) of an insurance contract, coinsurance related to a type of insurance other than life insurance - in correspondence with cash accounts;

redemption amounts under life insurance contracts paid to policyholders upon early termination or change in the terms (reduction of the sum insured, etc.) of life insurance contracts, in cases stipulated by the terms of these contracts, in correspondence with cash accounts;

insurance premiums (contributions) subject to return to the reinsurer in cases of early termination of the insurance contract (main) or reinsurance contract - in correspondence with account 77 "Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance" (sub-account "Settlements under contracts accepted for reinsurance").

On the credit of subaccount 22-5 "Return of insurance premiums (contributions) and redemption amounts" the following is reflected:

insurance premiums (contributions) due to be refunded by reinsurers in cases of early termination of an insurance contract (main) or a reinsurance contract - in correspondence with account 77 “Settlements for insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance” (sub-account “Settlements under contracts transferred to reinsurance”) .

At the end of the reporting period, the balance of sub-account 22-5 "Return of insurance premiums (contributions) and redemption amounts" is written off to account 99 "Profit and loss".

Currently, accountants have to solve the difficult task of maintaining both tax and accounting records. Accounting requirements put forward by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and tax authorities often do not coincide, and sometimes contradict each other. Some moments normative documents are not regulated, or their definition is not amenable to unambiguous interpretation.

Officials, when deciding to keep records by one method or another, do not always remember the need to reflect the chosen method in the organization's accounting policy or other internal documents, and sometimes forget to follow the provisions of the organization's accepted accounting policy in their actions.

In the internal documents of the organization, it is advisable to determine all the primary documents on the basis of which the expense in the form of the payment of insurance compensation will be accepted in tax or accounting records.

Accounting for insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance differs from accounting for payments under insurance contracts. The debit of sub-account 22-3 “Insurance payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance” accrues the amount due to compensation to the reinsurer for losses paid by him in the reporting period in the share attributable to the reinsurer in accordance with the reinsurance contract.

For purposes tax accounting, in particular, to calculate tax base for corporate income tax, expenses in the form of insurance payments under insurance contracts and contracts accepted for reinsurance are included in expenses as of the date the taxpayer has an obligation to pay insurance compensation in favor of the policyholder or insured persons (in case of liability insurance - the beneficiary) at the actual insured event, expressed in absolute monetary amount.

Thus, for accounting purposes, expenses in the form of insurance compensation under insurance contracts are recognized at the time of their actual payment. The moment the payment is reflected on the accounting accounts can be confirmed by a bank statement on the transfer of funds from the current account, expenditure cash warrant, as well as other primary accounting documents confirming the fact of repayment of the obligation to the insured (beneficiary).

In tax accounting, in contrast to accounting, expenses in the form of insurance compensation payments under insurance contracts and contracts accepted for reinsurance are recognized on an accrual basis. The date of recognition of the expense may be the date of signing a bilateral act on the occurrence of an insured event, signed with a medical institution or other person providing services on the subject of an insurance contract. The expense can be confirmed, for example, by an insurance act containing the consent (acceptance) of the insurance company to pay insurance compensation, or by other appropriately executed documents indicating that the organization has an obligation to pay. It is recommended to include a detailed list of primary documents on the basis of which payments are recognized as expenses in order to determine the tax base for income tax. accounting policy insurer for tax purposes.

In some insurance organizations, accounting of insurance payments under insurance contracts is carried out, as well as in tax accounting, on an accrual basis, which, on the one hand, eliminates the problems associated with differences between the two types of accounting, but, on the other hand, does not correspond the procedure for recording insurance payments established by the Ministry of Finance of Russia.

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5.5. Accounting for insurance contributions for social insurance and security The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for deductions to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (FSS RF) in a certain percentage of the accrued wages of employees of the enterprise. For this account is used

Organizations offering insurance services are required to keep records. Their activities are controlled by the Department of the Insurance Market, which exists under the Central Bank.

Primary documents

Primary documentation is the papers on the basis of which accounting is carried out. Primary for an insurance organization:

Constituent papers: charter, license.
Insurance contracts.
Papers confirming the occurrence of the event (application, insurance act).
Papers confirming the coverage of losses.
Tax registers.

The insurance company needs to approve the workflow schedule and the forms of documents that are necessary for the needs of accounting.

Accounting for payments under major agreements with policyholders

The organization makes insurance payments in the event of insured events. They may relate to various areas:

Property (payments are made in cases of theft, flooding and other damage).
Medicines (payments in case of illness).
Auto (payments in case of car theft).

Insurance payments are formed from the totality of all receipts from people who have entered into an insurance agreement with the organization. Payments are recorded on account 22. Information about them is collected in registers. Analytical accounting is carried out in the context of forms of agreements and insurers. Information is recorded in the accounting on the date of occurrence of the insurance right.

Accounting for premiums

Insurance premiums are payments made by a person to an organization. The insurance agreement comes into force either from the date specified in it, or from the date of payment of the first premium.

Compensation in the event of a feared event is paid out only when the person has no outstanding premiums. All amounts for the past period must be paid.

The compensation paid to the insured person may be counted towards the following insurance premiums.

Consider an example. The insured person received compensation in the amount of 50,000 rubles. Additional expenses related to the insured event were also confirmed. The person decided to send half of this amount towards the next insurance payments. In this case, these wires are used:

DT22/1 KT51. Insurance reimbursement.
DT22/1 KT51. Payment of additional expenses.
DT22/1 KT77/1. Set-off of a part of the indemnity amount against the following insurance premiums.

The legitimacy of all payments is confirmed by the primary.

Accounting for reinsurance

Reinsurance is the transfer of obligations to protect against risks. It is assumed that these obligations are transferred from one organization to another. That is, a person enters into an agreement with one organization. It will be considered the main insurer. She is responsible to her clients. She also accepts various claims regarding insurance.

If reinsurance is performed, these postings become relevant:

DT92/4 KT77/4. Reinsurance premium.
DT77/4 KT91/1. Money received from the reinsurer.
DT77/4 KT77/6. Money deposited under agreements directed to reinsurance.

The reinsurance agreement is a separate contract. The reinsurer makes payments only in the amounts established by the contract. Amounts above the limit are paid by the main insurer.

Accounting for payments under coinsurance agreements

A person may conclude insurance agreements with several organizations. In this case, the companies will be jointly and severally liable to the person in the event of an insured event. That is, each organization contributes a certain share. There are 2 types of agreement:

The individual enters into separate agreements with each company. Calculations are carried out by each organization in a separate order.
All operations are performed by one organization that acts on behalf of others.

If agreements are concluded with each organization separately, these postings are used:

DT77/1 KT92/1. Calculation of insurance premium.
DT51 KT77/1. Award entry.
DT22/1 KT77/1. Calculation of payment in the event of an insured event.
DT77/1 KT51. Payment transfer.

If the calculations are carried out by one organization, accounting is carried out by each Insurance Company. Accounting reflects amounts proportional to the share of the organization.

Accounting for liability insurance

Liability insurance involves compensation for damage caused by the insurer to a third party. For example, a person received insurance in case of flooding of an apartment. And then he flooded the neighbor's apartment. In this case insurance organization compensates for the damage caused to this neighbor. Consider other common cases of liability insurance:

Damage caused to someone else's vehicle during its operation.
Damage to the environment or people in connection with a potentially hazardous activity.
Damage caused to third parties in connection with the performance of legal or medical activities.

Consider the entries made for liability insurance (example):

DT22/1 KT51. Payment of damages to a person injured in a car accident.
DT91/2 KT22/1. The payment is included in the spending structure.
DT50 KT91/1. Receipt of money from a person found guilty of an accident.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Entrepreneurial risks can be insured. In this case, the action insurance agreement ends prematurely at the end of business activities.

Accounting for property and life insurance

A person can insure his property. In this case, he will receive payments in case of damage or theft of property. Property insurance can be both voluntary and mandatory. The second is relevant for leasing. These wires are used:

DT77/1 KT92/1. Prizes accrued.
DT50, 51 KT77/1. Insurance income.

Usually, life and property insurance on account 91 is accounted for separately.

Features of accounting for VHI

VHI is a type of personal insurance. As a rule, it is included in the "social package" provided by the employer. Contributions for VHI are included in the expenses in the presence of the circumstances specified in subparagraph 16 of Article 255 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Consider these circumstances:

The VHI agreement is signed for a period of more than a year.
The insurance organization has a license to conduct insurance activities.
Fixed expenses no more than 6% of the total cost of wages.

In accounting, spending on VHI refers to the period in which they arose. Insurance payments are recorded according to the DT of expense accounts (for example, account 20, 26, 44). The company can make insurance payments for persons with whom labor relations are not formalized. Associated expenses will be recorded on DT 91. A subaccount 02 is opened for it.

Peculiarities of creating insurance reserves

The formation of insurance reserves is an event that is considered mandatory for an insurance company. The obligation to create such reserves is stipulated in Article 26 of the Federal Law No. 4015-1 “On the Insurance Business” dated November 27, 1992. The sequence of formation of reserves is stipulated in the order of the Ministry of Finance No. 51 n dated June 11, 2002.

Consider the sequence of formation of reserves:

Establishing the required type of reserve. Orders of the Ministry of Finance 32n and 51n will help with this. You also need to focus on local acts of the company.
Establishing a method for determining the reserve.
Determination of the provision for each insurance agreement.

The reserve is needed so that the organization always has the amount of funds that is needed in the event of an insured event.

In insurance organizations, the manager is responsible for the organization of accounting, compliance with the law when performing business operations.

Depending on the amount of accounting work, the manager can: 1. Establish an accounting service as a structural unit headed by the chief accountant; 2. introduce the position of an accountant; 3. transfer, on a contractual basis, accounting to a centralized accounting department, a specialized organization or a specialist accountant; 4. keep accounting records personally.

The chief accountant (financial director, accountant) of an insurance organization, who heads the accounting service, acts in accordance with the Law “On Accounting” and the Regulation on Accounting and financial statements in RF. He reports to the head of the insurance organization and is responsible for the formation of accounting policies, accounting, timely submission of complete and reliable financial statements.

The chief accountant ensures the compliance of ongoing business operations with current legislation, control over the movement of property and the fulfillment of obligations. In case of disagreement between the head and the chief accountant on the implementation of individual operations, documents on them can be accepted for execution with a written order from the head, who bears full responsibility for the consequences of such operations. In accordance with Article 18 of the Law “On Accounting”, heads of organizations and other persons responsible for organizing and maintaining accounting records, in case of evasion from accounting in accordance with the procedure established by law and regulatory documents, distortion of financial statements and non-compliance with the deadlines for their submission and publications are brought to administrative or criminal liability in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Appointment and dismissal of the chief accountant is made by the head.

In insurance companies whose activities, in accordance with the established criteria, are subject to mandatory audit, the appointment of a specialist to the relevant position is recommended to be carried out in the presence of a qualification certificate of a professional accountant or an auditor's certificate.

Acceptance and delivery of cases during the appointment and dismissal of the chief accountant is documented by an act of checking the state of accounting and reporting in the insurance company.

The chief accountant cannot be assigned duties related to direct material liability for material assets and cash, he cannot himself receive cash and inventory items for an insurance company by checks. An exception may be made for small insurance organizations: in agreement with the bank institution, the chief accountant performs the function of a cashier.

When changing an accountant, a bilateral act of acceptance of cases must be drawn up, which is signed by the chief accountants of the insurance organization - dismissed and appointed.

During the absence of the chief accountant, his rights and obligations are transferred to the deputy or another official, which is announced by order of the insurance company.

The chief accountant signs monetary and settlement documents, financial and credit obligations. Financial and credit obligations include documents that formalize the financial investments of the organization, loan agreements, loan agreements and agreements concluded on a commodity and commercial loan. These documents without the signature of the chief accountant are considered invalid.

The main task of the accounting department of an insurance organization is to contribute to the achievement of positive results of economic activity. To do this, it is necessary to ensure: 1. the formation of complete and reliable information about the activities of the organization and its property status, necessary for internal users of financial statements - managers, founders, participants and owners, as well as external - investors, creditors and other users of financial statements; 2. providing information to users to monitor compliance with the law in the implementation of business transactions and their expediency, the presence and movement of property and obligations, the use of material, labor and financial resources in accordance with approved norms, standards and estimates; 3. prevention of negative results of economic activity and identification of on-farm reserves to ensure it financial stability The main functions performed by the accounting department; 4. accounting of material and technical assets (fixed assets of materials); 5. accounting for payroll calculations (calculation of wages, deductions from wages, unified social tax and insurance premiums in Pension Fund and fund social insurance); 6. accounting for insurance operations (receipt of insurance premiums for basic insurance, co-insurance and reinsurance, payment of insurance indemnities, formation of insurance reserves, placement of insurance reserves); 7. accounting for the costs of doing business, other income and expenses; 8. accounting for financial activities (profits, funds and reserves); 9 new means of materials)-ness and is licensed by the authorities. ru in the insurance business. in and zako. accounting of monetary transactions (cash on hand, on settlement, currency and other bank accounts, settlements with suppliers, other creditors, settlements with the budget, settlements on deductions and payments); 10. preparation of financial statements.

The accounting system is based on the following principles generally accepted in world practice: continuous documentation; inventory; summarizing information on accounts; double entry; balance sheet and reporting.

An insurance organization, carrying out the organization of accounting, can independently establish: 1. an accounting policy; 2. organizational form of accounting work (based on specific business conditions); 3. the form and methods of accounting, the technology for processing accounting information, based on the forms and methods in force in the Russian Federation, subject to general methodological principles; 4. a system of intra-production (management) accounting, reporting and control.

An insurance organization may allocate its farms, branches, representative offices, departments to a separate balance sheet.

Insurance companies provide services. Accounting in the insurance company is carried out in accordance with the requirements of accounting and taxation. In addition, organizations are required to comply with the provisions of the insurance legislation and submit reports to the supervisory authority. Control over the activities of organizations is entrusted to the Department of the Insurance Market under the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Primary documents of insurance activity

Insurance companies use unified or independently developed forms in their activities.

Document group	Document types
Constituent forms	Charter, certificates, license
Insurance contracts, accounting journal	Separately by types of contracts - concluded, co-insurance, reinsurance
Documents on the occurrence of an insured event	Application, insurance act approved by the head of the company or authorized representative
Payment and claim cases	Documents related to loss coverage or lawsuits
Loss log	Separately for early terminated contracts for each type
Accounting primary documentation	Documents for conducting operations on the cash desk, bank, settlements with debtors and creditors
Accounting documents for taxation	Tax accounting registers

The organization must develop a workflow schedule, approve the forms used in accounting, streamline the exchange between the unit and the head office.

Accounting for payments under the main contracts concluded with policyholders

Insurance contracts are concluded for several types of insured events. Property, personal, medical, motor transport and other insurance are used. Amounts paid upon the occurrence of insured events are formed at the expense of proceeds from contracts.

Account 22 is used to record insurance payments. The register consolidates information on payments to policyholders, shares of reinsurers, and returned premiums. Analytical accounting is conducted in the context of types of contracts, insurers, periods. Information is reflected in the accounts at the time of the occurrence of the right.

Accounting for income from accrued premiums

The insurance premium is paid by the insured to the company's account at the conclusion of the contract. The agreement begins on the date specified in the document or the day the first installment is made. At the time of the occurrence of the insured event and compensation for losses, all parts of the insurance premium due by the due date must be paid. The amount due to be paid to a person may be taken into account against future payments at the request of the person.

An example of offsetting an insurance payment against future payment of a premium

The person insured in Olimp LLC Petrov M.M. has the right to receive compensation for damage under the insurance act in the amount of 75,250 rubles. In addition, the costs of compensation were confirmed in the amount of 8,500 rubles. The insured filed an application for offsetting a part of the amount in the amount of 35,000 rubles against the future payment of the next installment. The order of the director of Olymp LLC was issued on payments. The following transactions were made in the account:

Payment of insurance compensation to a person: Dt 22/1 Kt 51 in the amount of 40,250 rubles;
Payment of additional expenses: Dt 22/1 Kt 51 in the amount of 8,500 rubles;
Offset of part of the compensation: Dt 22/1 Kt 77/1 in the amount of 35,000 rubles.

Accounting in an insurance company: payments under contracts accepted for reinsurance

Reinsurance operations mean the transfer of risk protection from one insurance company to another. Responsibility to the insured person is borne by the direct insurer, who was the first to draw up the contract. Claims related to the performance of the contract, the insured can present only to the insurer under the main contract.

In the accounting of the insurance company, the following entries are made:

Accounting for premium transferred to reinsurance: Dt 92/4 Ct 77/4;
Accounting for amounts received from the reinsurer: Dt 77/4 Kt 91/1;
Accounting for amounts deposited under contracts transferred for reinsurance: Dt 77/4 Ct 77/6.

The reinsurance contract can be considered as a separate, independent contract. The liability of the reinsurer (assignee) lies within the limit established by the contract. Amounts required to be paid in case of an insured event in excess of the limit are covered by the direct insurer. When reinsurance, it is allowed to conclude several consecutive contracts included in the chain of secondary reinsurance. The operation is called retrocession. All companies are required to have a license.

Accounting for payments under co-insurance contracts

A person has the right to draw up contracts with several insurance companies for one object. Before the insured person or object, the companies have joint responsibility, while each company must pay its share of compensation upon the occurrence of an insured event.

When self-calculation is used, standard postings are made in insurance company accounting.

Purpose of the operation	Account debit	Account credit
Calculation of the premium due to the contribution	77/1	92/1
Receipt of premium from the insured	51	77/1
Accrual of insurance payment upon the occurrence of an obligation	22/1	77/1
Transferring the amount of insurance payment to a person	77/1	51

When conducting settlements, the leading company in accounting distributes the amounts due to other insurance organizations for premiums and payments.

Features of accounting for liability insurance

Liability insurance is aimed at partial compensation for damage caused by the insured person to property or third parties. Within the framework of the concluded agreements, the damage caused by:

To third parties in connection with the operation Vehicle including carriers;
To the environment or to third parties in connection with the conduct of activities that pose a danger;
To third parties in the conduct of advocacy, medical, audit activities.

An example of carrying out liability insurance operations

Polis LLC insured citizen M. from civil liability. After the occurrence of the accident, citizen P. was found guilty. The amount of damage was 155,270 rubles, which was paid to the cash desk of Polis LLC. In the account of the insurer:

Damages were paid to citizen M.: Dt 22/1 Kt 51 in the amount of 155,270 rubles;
The amount of payment was included in the expenses: Dt 91/2 Kt 22/1 in the amount of 155,270 rubles;
The receipt of the amount from the culprit of the accident P. is reflected: Dt 50 Kt 91/1 in the amount of 155,270 rubles.

When insuring risks in connection with the conduct of business activities, the agreement will be terminated before the expiration of the term in the event of its termination or the loss of the possibility of causing damage.

Features of property and life insurance

When concluding property insurance agreements, the company undertakes to indemnify for damage in connection with damage, theft or loss of property. The contract can be concluded between the company, the insured and a third person who is the beneficiary.

Property insurance may be voluntary or mandatory under the terms of other agreements. Property insurance is mandatory when drawing up a loan or leasing agreement. A significant number of contracts in the total mass falls on agreements concluded during the transportation of goods.

As part of life insurance services, payments are provided in connection with the state of health, pension annuity and other grounds. Agreements may be concluded for a specified period, after which the person is entitled to receive a certain amount. The duration of contracts is mostly more than 1 year.

In accounting, postings are used: Dt 77/1 Kt 92/1 for the amount of accrued premiums and Dt 50.51 Kt 77/1 for the amount of income. Insurance companies provide for separate accounting for account 91 of life insurance and other, including the property type of contracts.

Accounting for settlements with agents and brokers

Part of the sales of an insurance product is made through agents or brokers.

Conditions	Agents	Brokers
Status	Individuals or businesses	Sole proprietors, licensed companies
Term of cooperation	Permanent or limited to one contract	Fulfillment of specific instructions of the insurer
Actions	On behalf of the insurer	On my own behalf
A responsibility	Companies	Broker

Both types of relations belong to intermediary activity. Based on rewards paid to an individual The company must withhold income tax. Taxation of intermediary companies acting on the basis of agency agreements is carried out by the organizations themselves.

Types of insurance reserves and their accounting

As preventive measures, companies are required to create reserves for the following types:

Unearned premiums (URP), delimited by time;
Unsettled losses arising from unfulfilled obligations as of the reporting date;
Stabilization Fund, the funds of which are used when the actual losses exceed the calculated ones;
Payments of future periods and other purposes. Reserves created by insurers cannot be withdrawn in favor of the budget when the company has obligations.

Taxation of companies and application of different types of systems

The main type of revenue for companies is income in the form of premiums from insured persons. Expenses include payments and other types of expenses according to an open list. Only the accrual method is used in accounting, which equally applies to reinsurers. The advantage of the method is that there is no need to tax amounts when making advance payments. There is a feature of accounting for life insurance contracts. Accounting for income at the time of payment is carried out in the part attributable to the payment. In accounting for other types of contracts, the amount is taken into account in one step in full.

Organizations in the conduct of activities have the right to apply only OSNO. Insurance is not included in the list of permitted activities under UTII. Ban on application of the simplified tax system specified in paragraph 3 of Art. 346.12 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Taxpayers are required to submit income, VAT, land, property, transport and tax returns wages hired workers. Submission of reports and payment of taxes are carried out within the time limits specified by law.

Frequently asked Questions

Question #1. How are obligations implemented when an insurance company loses a license due to its expiration?

Answer: The loss of an insurance company's license does not automatically terminate the license. The company cannot enter into new contracts, but is obliged to fulfill obligations. Within 6 months, she needs to pay debts on insurance payments and prematurely terminate the contracts with the return of part of the premium paid earlier.

Question #2. Does the branch have the right to form reserves?

Answer: The ability to create reserves is provided founding documents and the order of the parent company.

Question number 3. On the basis of what document does the insurance agent operate?

Answer: Based on a power of attorney issued by an insurance company. The document specifies the authority of the person.

Question #4. Is there a need to submit reports to statistical authorities?

Answer: Companies submit form No. 1-SK and other types determined by the bodies of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation.