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Academician shatalin. Biography

Today marks the 15th anniversary of the death of the well-known economist Stanislav Shatalin, the developer of the 500 days economic program, famous in the “perestroika” years.

As reported"Wikipedia" , Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin was born on August 24, 1934 in the city of Pushkin. Graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University in 1958, Doctor of Economics. Worked at the Economic Research Institute under the USSR State Planning Committee. In 1965 he transferred to the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1976 to 1986 he worked at the All-Union Research Institute of System Research, taught general economics at the Faculty of Management and Applied Mathematics of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. From 1986 to 1989 - at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He founded and for a long time headed the Department of Economic Cybernetics at the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. He was a professor at the Department of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Economics at Moscow State University, a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Business People", a member of the founding council of the newspaper "Moscow News".

Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1987), was academician-secretary of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, President of the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform".

In December 1989, Shatalin was appointed a member of the State Commission for Economic Reform. In 1990, he headed a working group on the development of a program for the transition to a market economy - the "500 days" program. In 1991 he was elected chairman of the organizing committee for the creation of the United Democratic Party; headed the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform". In 1994, Shatalin created the commercial organization Financial Union "Shatalin and Co." In 1995 he took part in the creation of the electoral association "My Fatherland". Died in 1997.

We asked for an assessment of the "500 days" program developed by S. A. Shatalin and his subordinates, Doctor of Economics, Professor of MGIMO (U) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.

The program "500 days" is more associated with the surname of G.A. Yavlinsky than with the surname of Shatalin, but it was Shatalin who headed the group of developers of the program. It is clear that this was a complete scam, it is clear that it was a revolutionary approach or an attempt to revolutionize the foundations of the economy that has been forming over the decades. From my point of view, Shatalin was just an official from science, all the more, if you look at the biography of Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin, in general, his relatives held fairly high positions in the Central Committee of the CPSU, and in this sense, his path to science went along the red carpet. I do not remember any discoveries and achievements of Stanislav Sergeevich in the field of economics. As far as I know, he managed to work in many structures of the USSR Academy of Sciences, worked at the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI), at the Institute for Economic Forecasting, at the Institute for System Research.

From my point of view, his biggest, with a minus sign, contribution is due to the fact that he was in charge of the laboratory in which he raised the "chicks" of perestroika. From this Shatalinsky "nest" such "chicks" as Alexander Shokhin, Andrey Nechaev, Petr Aven flew out. I don’t know how closely such figures as Yegor Gaidar and Evgeny Yasin interacted with his laboratory, but I know that Yasin also worked at CEMI, next to Shatalin. All these are people from one "nest", and I think that it was Stanislav Sergeevich who nurtured them. In this sense, we still have to remember him, because Shokhin, as you know, heads the Union of Entrepreneurs, Aven is a major oligarch who continues the “glorious” deeds of other oligarchs, and so on. I can’t say anything about Stanislav Sergeevich’s contribution to science, but I think I can say that he made a serious contribution to the destruction of our state.

I witnessed the consequences of the "500 days" program that unfolded in the early 90s, when prices were released and privatization began, when non-cash money actually began to flow into the counter-circulation of cash, when frantic inflation began. cash out in huge amounts. Naturally, cashing went into the pockets of those people who were closer to banks, to enterprises that had some kind of working capital. In fact, it was a terrible bacchanalia that led to the initial accumulation of private capital in Russia and the robbery of the population, to the destruction of deposits in Sberbank. I think this can be equated with the bombing of Dresden during the Second World War. Enterprises stopped, goods disappeared from circulation, salaries were not paid, people were starving - these are the memories of those events twenty years ago. The general feeling that the "end of the world" has come does not go away.

We had a very good economic system. In my books I write that in the 1970s even Americans admitted that they were losing in the economic competition with the Soviet Union. Therefore, all the talk that we need to move to the market is economic and ideological sabotage. In fact, Americans lost the economic competition to us in the 1970s. This is not a product of our agitprop, but the recognition of American economists. In my book, I provide some references to American sources. We had a normal system, and the enemy, of course, managed to destroy our economy using non-economic methods: the influence of the media, fooling the people with disinformation, interethnic contradictions, using agents through the special services. All of this was used to destroy our powerful economic machine. The question of the competitiveness of the Soviet economic model and the American one is quite obvious to me - ours won.

Full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), was the academician-secretary of the department of economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, president of the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform".

Graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University in 1958, Doctor of Economics.

Worked at the Economic Research Institute under the USSR State Planning Committee.

In 1965 he transferred to the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

From 1976 to 1986 he worked at the All-Union Research Institute of System Research.

From 1986 to 1989 - at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

In December 1989 he was appointed a member of the State Commission for Economic Reform.

In 1990, he headed a working group on the development of a unified union program for the transition to a market economy ("500 days").

In 1991 he was elected chairman of the organizing committee for the creation of the United Democratic Party.

He headed the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform".

In 1994 he created a commercial organization Financial Union "Shatalin and Co".

In 1995 he took part in the creation of the electoral association "My Fatherland".

In 1996, he joined the initiative group for nominating the General Director of the Reform Fund M. Shakkum as a candidate for President.

He was the chairman of the board of the bank "Reform".

Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1968).

He was awarded two orders: the Badge of Honor and the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

He was the honorary president of the Moscow football club "Spartak".

Died in 1997
The main works of S. Shatalin were devoted to the theory and methodology of systems analysis and its use for solving socio-economic problems. His fundamental assessments met with sharp opposition from the party administrative apparatus. In 1965, the report on the state of the Soviet economy, which Shatalin sent to the USSR State Planning Committee, challenged the reality of prices and incomes quoted by the State Statistics Committee, led to the question of the possibility of his stay in the CPSU. In 1990, he published an article in the Kommunist magazine criticizing the economic platforms of the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU. He led a group of economists, including G. Yavlinsky, who developed an alternative program for the transition to the market, known as the "500 days" program. He believed that by rejecting this program, the state leadership missed the only chance at that time to preserve a single union state, unite the union republics and real consolidate society. He sharply criticized the economic policy pursued by N. Ryzhkov's government, and in recent years, working for the international fund " Reform "- the government of V. Chernomyrdin for the unreality of his economic course..

Key stages of scientific activity:

  • In 1958 he graduated from the Faculty of Economics, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov.
  • 1958 - economist at the Scientific Research Financial Institute of the USSR Ministry of Finance.
  • 1959-1965 - Junior Research Fellow, Economist, Leading Economist, Head of the Research Institute of Power Engineering under the USSR State Planning Committee.
  • 1965-1976 - deputy. director, head. Department of the Central Institute of Economics and Mathematics of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • 1976-1986 - change. director, head. laboratory, head of the scientific direction of the All-Russian Research Institute of System Research of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology and the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • 1986-1990 - Head laboratory of the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • 1974 - Elected Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • 1987 - elected as an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  • 1990 - Academician-Secretary of the Economics Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences, member of the Presidential Council of the USSR.

The main directions of scientific research:

  • theory and methodology of socio-economic development and forecasting;
  • application of economic and mathematical models and computers in economic research and planning of the national economy;
  • the laws governing the formation of the most important proportions of the development of the socialist economy and the ways of its intensification;
  • the role of social factors and reserves for increasing the efficiency of social production.
  • The sectoral structure of social production. 1965 (et al.);
  • Proportionality of social production (outline of the theory and methodology of planning). 1968;
  • Principles and problems of optimal planning of the national economy. 1971;
  • Intensive type of socialist expanded reproduction. 1978;
  • Social policy of the CPSU. 1987 (et al.);
  • Economic reform: causes, directions, problems. 1989 (et al.)

About S.S. Shatalina:

In 1968 S.S. Shatalin was awarded the USSR State Prize for a cycle of research on the development of methods for analysis and planning of inter-sectoral relations and the sectoral structure of the national economy on the basis of an inter-sectoral balance. In 1987 he was awarded the Prize to them. B.C. Nemchinov for the work “The functioning of the economy of developed socialism. Method theory and problems ”.

If we can talk about the generation of the sixties as applied not only to figures of art or journalism, but also to economics, then Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin was one of its most prominent representatives. The beginning of his career coincided with the period of the rapid formation of the Soviet school of economics and mathematics, the rise of heated discussions on fundamental issues of economic theory and planning methodology. S. Shatalin, as a personality of extraordinary scale and temperament, was inspired in those years by the prospect of cardinal changes in Soviet society and the rise of the role of economics, freeing itself from the fetters of doctrinaire and adapting to the official documents of the next plenum or party congress. Today they talk about the illusory nature of such hopes, which quickly manifested itself in the reaction of the 70s. Be that as it may, S. Shatalin remained faithful for the rest of his life to the youthful attitude towards "storm and onslaught", when it is still worth pushing, "slipping" to high authorities a bright, convincing argument for the need to act and a formula for success. Therefore, his scholarly works are far in their content and style from the "scientists" reports on the results of armchair reflections, measurements and analyzes. Rather, they are manifestos on a wide variety of socio-economic issues - from the rate of economic growth to the problem of departmental housing stock.

An appeal to the literary heritage of S. Shatalin cannot, unfortunately, give a complete idea of ​​the true scale of his personality, the degree of depth and solidity of his scientific views, also due to such a prosaic reason as censorship. Of course, it put pressure on all the economists of that time, but most of all on those who wrote about the most important problems of the economy. They tried to fight against the power of censorship in different ways: the majority - leaving for special areas of economics (which led to the personnel "exposure" of political economy), those who knew mathematics - hiding behind the palisade of formulas (and paying for this by narrowing the circle of readers), and only very few who knew the language of the then officialdom - trying to squeeze new ideas into the Procrustean bed of dogmatic political economy. S. Shatalin belonged to the latter category. It seems that sometimes he even "flirted" with his ability to fit into the framework of officialdom. But the era has changed, and today a young reader, having opened his books and articles, will see in them only protective armor covering the text. And about what kind of knightly valor is hidden behind them, he can, alas, only guess.

Meanwhile, in the person of S. Shatalin, we are dealing with a man, whose fame resounded throughout the country and went far beyond the framework of academic science. He was admired and scolded; some were even afraid of him. The question arises, what did he do and say, how and why he found himself in the center of the most notable events of Soviet economic science in the 60s - 80s and had such a strong influence on the development of the then theoretical discussions. And it is not his fault that the fruitful and original ideas developed by him at that time did not form the basis of the economic reform of the 90s and were replaced by a "gentleman's set" of vulgarities in the spirit of the "Washington Consensus".

Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin was born on August 24, 1934 in the town of Pushkin, Leningrad Region. After graduating from high school with a gold medal, he entered the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, but two years later moved to the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, as if he had a presentiment that it was the economy that would become the main arena of the "coming battles." After graduating from the university in 1958, he came to work in one of the most powerful scientific organizations in the country - the Scientific Research Economic Institute (NIEI) under the USSR State Planning Committee.

In the summer of 1959 in Leningrad, on the basis of the Faculty of Economics of Leningrad State University, the course "Mathematical Methods in Economics" of the future Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Nobel laureate L.V. Kantorovich. At the final stage of training, the "state planning team" (which included S. Shatalin) prepared a graduation project based on the materials of the first chess table of relationships in the national economy of the RSFSR for 1923-1925, transformed into the "input-output" model, or into the intersectoral balance in a modern interpretation.

S. Shatalin after completing his studies at the economics and mathematics school of academician L.V. Kantorovich took an active part in researching the problems of the structure and inter-sectoral relations of the Soviet economy, which were intensively developing at that time at the Research Institute of Power Engineering under the USSR State Planning Committee. This was the first experience of a holistic study of the intersectoral proportions of the reproductive process.

At the same time, it was necessary to overcome a number of such dogmatic errors prevailing at that time, such as, for example, the contradiction of (supposedly) planning from final needs to the position of the primacy of production over consumption, or the absolute necessity at all times and in all situations to ensure the outstripping growth of production of means of production. Therefore, the scientific speeches of S. Shatalin were very polemical, including in relation to the leading authorities of that time - Ya.A. Kronrod, A.I. Notkin, M.Z. Boru. And on the issues of correlation and interaction of the first and second divisions of production of the social product, controversy went on with the early works of V.I. Lenin.

As you know, the result of this stage of S. Shatalin's scientific activity was the award of the USSR State Prize as part of a group of scientists-economists for a cycle of research on the creation of methods for analysis and planning of intersectoral proportions based on the intersectoral balance. This success contributed much to the rapidly growing enthusiasm of economists and mathematicians regarding the prospects for the development of economic and mathematical methods. S. Shatalin was in the forefront of the enthusiasts of the new direction. He was interested in the possibilities of using the new tools not only in applied developments, which were engaged in by NIEI and Gosplan, but also in transforming the foundations of the political economy of socialism. At that time, such studies were developing in the newly created (1963) Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

Behind these studies was a clear awareness of the critical situation that was then emerging between economic science and practice. It became clear that without a fundamental renewal of the political economy of socialism, it would not be possible to solve the problems facing the country. The merit of S. Shatalin is that he linked the formulation of this problem with the development of precisely the economic and mathematical direction.

This was not only a "tribute" to the scientific and technological revolution. Defending its imperatives, S. Shatalin himself never took a narrowly technocratic position. On the contrary, behind the technical details of applied problems of mathematical programming, he was able to see a deep economic and humanitarian meaning, the embodiment of which was the development of a new concept of socialist economy - the famous in those years "system of optimal functioning of the economy." We must be fully aware of what the development of such an alternative model of the socialist economy was in those years of strict ideological and censorship control.

It is no longer easy for today's reader to understand the meaning of that discussion. Political economists of the "old school" insisted that the goal and end result of economic research should be the knowledge of objective laws. On the contrary, for S. Shatalin such knowledge is only an “intermediate product”: he advocated the translation of economic laws into the language of goals, methods and resources, that is, categories of social action. In other words, the point of dispute is the question of how to relate to the existing system: political economists advocate its "cognition" (in fact, passive reproduction); for S. Shatalin, on the contrary, it is self-evident that a deep reform of this system is necessary.

No less heated discussions unfolded around S. Shatalin's attempt to put the concept of public utility at the forefront of the pricing theory. He overthrew not only the ideological symbol of labor value, but also the principle of cost-based pricing, which was extremely important for the then economic elite (recognition of any labor input as socially necessary, regardless of whether they satisfy any social need or not). Shatalin's definition of the function of public welfare as "the process of simultaneous formation and public recognition of personal, group, regional, sectoral and other interests" retains not only historical value. In our opinion, this definition opened up opportunities for the convergence of Soviet political economy with the Western "Welfare Economics" (Theoretical Welfare Economics).

Of considerable interest is S. Shatalin's interpretation of the concept of dynamic optimum (“optimization on a set of trajectories of expanded reproduction”) as a mechanism for taking into account the reproductive nature of prices, removing the limitations of static optimization.

Since 1972, S. Shatalin's scientific interests have been gradually concentrated in a new area of ​​social problems of economic development for him. This was largely influenced by the beginning of research on the Comprehensive Program of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR, which united the efforts of hundreds of institutes, thousands of scientists and specialists of the country. The idea behind this large-scale work to break through to a strategic, long-term vision of the entire complex of socio-economic problems was the best fit for the scientific worldview of S. Shatalin, his temperament of an active figure, disposed, first of all, for major political decisions, always ready to defend them in the most the upper echelons of power. Then, in the early 70s, the need for a radical reconstruction of the rusted mechanism of the Soviet economy became obvious to many. But even among economists there were very few of those who, even in the most general outline, understood the systemic nature of its problems and contradictions, the enormous danger of impending stagnation, the symptoms of which multiplied after the failure of the Kosygin reforms and the well-known changes in the country's political climate. S. Shatalin was one of them.

At the same time, he was not particularly close to either the "liberal-market" strategy, much less the centralist-technocratic (emphasizing the methods of mobilization economy) strategy of the country's economic renewal. His choice, to which he remained faithful to the end, is the strategy of a socially-oriented planned economy, gradually mastering the instruments of market self-regulation.

In fact, in the works of S. Shatalin and a number of other domestic and foreign economists, the theory of the convergence of two systems - the evolutionary development of capitalism and socialism - in the direction of their convergence was ripening. The revolutionary meaning of this theory lies in the rejection of the opposition of the plan and the market: the economy is interpreted as a complex polyhierarchical system that can develop successfully only on the basis of a combination of horizontal and vertical ties.

S. Shatalin, recognizing the need for serious shifts in the reproduction structure of the Soviet economy, assigned a priority role to a major maneuver of resources in favor of the consumer sector and social services. He transferred the theoretical struggle against the dogmatism of the era of Soviet industrialization with its "law of outstripping growth of the first unit" into the channel of practical opposition to the residual principle of allocating resources for the development of the social sphere.

As the head (up to 1987) of one of the key sections of the KP STP - "Social problems, improving the people's well-being and the development of culture" S. Shatalin becomes the organizer and ideological leader of a huge research work on welfare economics - personal consumption, public consumption funds, non-productive capital investments and housing, by branches of the social and cultural sphere - education, health care, culture. The focus of these studies turned out to be many shortcomings of the Soviet model of the social sector of the economy - equalization in wages, departmentalism, social and economic inefficiency of the system of benefits and subsidies, inequality between cities and villages, regions, capitals and provinces, etc.

An example is the active participation of S. Shatalin in the activities of the Expert Council of the State Planning Committee of the USSR - an amazing structure that managed to carry through all Soviet decades the spirit of professional responsibility and academic independence. It was only thanks to his adherence to principles and perseverance that some obviously unsuccessful projects, such as the feasibility study of the General Plan of Moscow or the General Scheme for the Development and Distribution of the Ukrainian SSR's productive forces, were then turned up for revision. I especially remembered the position of S. Shatalin in the examination of the proposals of the Ministry of Aviation Transport to increase passenger tariffs for urban transport. Arguing his sharply negative attitude to this proposal, he defended the fundamental need to take into account the economic specifics of the entire complex of infrastructure sectors, including public transport, for which the criterion of profitability was unacceptable, for the sake of which it was proposed to raise tariffs. Today this topic is even more pressing, because reforms are already being carried out according to this template in a number of infrastructure sectors - electric power, railway transport, housing and communal services. The examination of these proposals, carried out at that time, ended with the victory of S. Shatalin's position. His rigid social orientation, uncompromising defense of the foundations of economic theory would be very useful in a fight with the liberal bureaucrats who are currently carrying out reforms in the electric power industry.

The results of research on the KP NTP found in the person of S. Shatalin not only a bright propagandist, but also (in modern terms) a stubborn, militant lobbyist who actively used every opportunity to influence the dominant ideology, the real practice of allocating resources and other responsible decisions in the then “headquarters” ... Even if for this he sometimes had to go to tactical tricks, operating with the clichés of the official language of the party program documents.

Today it is difficult to imagine with what enthusiasm these studies were carried out, on what fertile ground the accompanying publications and speeches of Stanislav Sergeevich lay in a great variety of audiences and in a whole scattering of cities in the country, how great was the response to the enormous charm of his personality and the excellent style of communication with colleagues how many creative groups and flamboyant personalities have grown up in this idea-rich atmosphere. This is how the “Shatalin school” was formed - a unique phenomenon in the scientific community of those years.

The central achievement of this school was the concept of a social mechanism for the functioning of the economy, the pivotal principles of which were the balance between social guarantees and economic incentives (in the sphere of income distribution) and between the relations of disposal and economic responsibility (in the sphere of property).

The first of these principles is known as the "principle of a socially guaranteed minimum of living goods and services", It is about rationalizing one of the fundamental macroeconomic proportions - the ratio between the guaranteed by society, "social", "free" part of the income of each citizen and earned by his own efforts, The "economic" part of income. Simply put, some of the goods and services should be “bought back”, some should be guaranteed on a free basis without taking into account differences in earnings. The border between these parts is determined by the statutory social standard.

Ultimately, it was about the need for a clear functional orientation of the two main sources of real household income - wages and payments from social consumption funds. In Soviet reality, their functions were hopelessly mixed, which caused enormous damage, both economic and social. Wages were overwhelmed by the functions of social charity, and payments from public consumption funds were increasingly used in attempts to reinforce waning incentives to work.

The expansion of the paid distribution of goods and services, especially high-quality ones, following from the principle of a socially guaranteed minimum, simultaneously solved two problems: the growth of freedom of consumer choice (infused by the system of strict social security regulation) and the restriction of the privileges of free use of especially “tasty” pieces of social funds (“ feeder "for the nomenclature). The introduction of a guaranteed minimum of free provision of goods and services would open room for a more active wage policy aimed at sharper differentiation.

The wave of sloppily carried out market reforms rudely dealt with the Shatalinsky idea of ​​finding the optimal balance between the main functions and forms of income distribution, which is obviously relevant for any socio-economic system. The problem not only persisted - it became much more acute. The Sobesov character of today's meager wages as a whole has only intensified. The frenzied expansion of payments for health care, education and housing undermines social guarantees for huge segments of the population, while not expanding, but, on the contrary, narrowing the sphere of consumer freedom for them. And the privileges of gratuitous use of self-proclaimed "elite" housing, cars, high-quality healthcare, expensive business trips and other "exclusive benefits" remain an acute problem. You don't need to be a prophet to predict: the principle of a socially guaranteed minimum will be in demand from the old works of the Shatalin school - or rediscovered anew.

In fact, we are talking about the need for a clear institutional demarcation of the two sectors of the economy, corresponding to the border between the spheres of social and environmental necessity, on the one hand, and economic freedom, on the other. The first is regulated by a system of norms and standards of conditions and quality of life guaranteed to each member of society under the patronage of a democratic state, the second - by market institutions. Just like S. Shatalin, we are sure that it was here - on the path of preserving and strengthening the public sector as the foundation and a necessary condition for the consistent development of market mechanisms - that one should look for a guiding vector for reforming the Soviet economy.

The most important organizational form of development and dissemination of the works of S. Shatalin and his school became the annual meetings of the school-seminar "Systemic modeling of socio-economic processes" held since 1978. S. Shatalin was its permanent leader. The seminar was held successively in various cities of Russia and other union republics (Voronezh, Rostov, Tallinn, Novosibirsk, Minsk, Yerevan, Riga, Chisinau, etc.), bringing together hundreds of economists and mathematicians from all over the country. Moreover, his popularity was largely determined by the participation of S. Shatalin, his brilliant reports at the opening of the plenary sessions *. And today the "Shatalinsky" seminar continues its work (under the direction of Academician V.L. Makarov). Such longevity is in itself a unique phenomenon in the history of Russian economic science.

In 1987 S. Shatalin was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and three years later - academician-secretary of its Department of Economics. Against the background of the growing crisis phenomena in the country, an acute ideological struggle unfolded around the choice of ways to reform the domestic economy. S. Shatalin, who took a very active part in the perestroika processes, strove to combine in this struggle the beginnings of scientific research, based on the heritage of domestic and world science, and free political choice, close and understandable to the widest layers of the population. It was during these years that the period of his most active social and political activity, aimed at defending the ultimate social guidelines of Russian reforms and the most appropriate means of reform activities, falls. Alas, the impact of this activity, like the efforts of many other economists, on the real course of processes in the country turned out to be even less noticeable than in the Soviet years.

The attitude of S. Shatalin to what was happening was most clearly expressed in his interview (just a few months before his death) to the Moscow Time: so that in place of the totalitarian so-called socialism, the current criminal economy of the colonial type arose, which has little in common with capitalism, a civilized market and, in general, with any kind of organization, except criminal ... ".

With the death of S. Shatalin, a whole epoch has passed away from our lives. The years of his most active work, from joining CEMI in 1965 and up to a serious illness in 1986, determined the time frame of this era. Before it was the time of the older generation of economists - the creators of the planned system and at the same time carriers of the pre-revolutionary culture of economic knowledge. They went through industrialization, repression, war. After 1986, very different people and other economic doctrines came along.

S. Shatalin and other outstanding economists of his generation - first of all, academicians A.I. Anchishkin and Yu.V. Yaremenko - represent in this sense a very special phenomenon. They were formed and worked all their lives in a centrally planned economy. Moreover, having started their scientific activities at the Economic Research Institute under the USSR State Planning Committee, they knew the Soviet economy “from the inside” in a way that scientists who worked only within the walls of the Academy of Sciences or universities could not know.

The main feature of this generation is the combination of idealism and historical optimism, born of the modernization of the Soviet Union, with the most ruthless realism in assessing the state of the economy and the current policy.

The main result of the life path of Academician S. Shatalin is the brightest example of the fight against evil, which in the broadest sense can be called "the spirit of stagnation." This most of all attracted people to him, made him a truly unique person. S. Shatalin defended his scientific views uncompromisingly. At first, it was the provision of proportionality of social production based on models of input-output balance, then - the theory of optimal planning and functioning of the national economy, a wide range of problems of improving the people's well-being and social policy. At the same time, its principles have always remained unchanged, such as a clear formulation and separation of goals and means of economic policy, a consistent justification of the proposed measures and the use of economic and mathematical methods and models for these purposes.

In the last years of his life, the consistent upholding of the values ​​of social welfare and social justice as a necessary (but, alas, forgotten) condition for the success of economic reforms acquired particular importance for S. Shatalin. In this he relied on the idea developed by our science of a clear, constructive separation of the sphere of social responsibility (social solidarity) from the space of economic (market) freedom.

Concluding the dedication to the memory of S. Shatalin, we would like to note that his life path is a refutation of the arrogant disdainful view of Soviet economic science as a fruitless apologetics, which has set the teeth on edge. Twelve years of crisis development based on thoughtlessly imported doctrines provide convincing grounds for revising this assessment - and not only for the restoration of "historical justice", but above all, for the sake of a worthy future of our country.



Plan:

    Introduction
  • 1 Biography
  • 2 Awards
  • 3 Bibliography

Introduction

Stanislav Sergeevich Shatalin(August 24, 1934, Pushkin - March 3, 1997) - Soviet and Russian scientist-economist, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1987), was the academician-secretary of the Department of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, president of the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform".


1. Biography

Graduated from the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University in 1958, Doctor of Economics. Worked at the Economic Research Institute under the USSR State Planning Committee.

In 1965 he transferred to the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

From 1976 to 1986 he worked at the All-Union Research Institute of System Research, taught general economics at the Faculty of Management and Applied Mathematics of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.

From 1986 to 1989 - at the Institute of Economics and Forecasting of Scientific and Technological Progress of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. He founded and for a long time headed the Department of Economic Cybernetics at the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University. He was a professor at the Department of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Economics at Moscow State University, a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Business People", a member of the founding council of the newspaper "Moscow News".

In December 1989, he was appointed a member of the State Commission for Economic Reform. In 1990, he headed a working group on the development of a program for the transition to a market economy - the "500 days" program.

In 1991 he was elected chairman of the organizing committee for the creation of the United Democratic Party; headed the International Fund for Economic and Social Reforms "Reform".

In 1994, Shatalin created the commercial organization Financial Union "Shatalin and KO".

In 1995 he took part in the creation of the electoral association "My Fatherland".

Died in 1997.


2. Awards

  • State Prize of the USSR - 1968 - for a cycle of research on the development of methods for analysis and planning of inter-sectoral relations and the sectoral structure of the national economy based on the inter-sectoral balance
  • Order of the Badge of Honor
  • Order of Friendship of Peoples
  • Prize named B. S. Nemchinov - 1987 - for the work "The functioning of the economy of developed socialism. Method theory and problems ”.
  • Honorary President of the Moscow football club "Spartak".

3. Bibliography

  • Yu.V. Peshekhonov, S. S. Shatalin The sectoral structure of social production. - M., 1965.
  • S. S. Shatalin Proportionality of social production. - M., 1968.
  • S. S. Shatalin Principles and problems of optimal planning of the national economy. - M., 1971.
  • S. S. Shatalin Intensive type of socialist expanded reproduction. - M .: about-vo Znanie RSFSR, 1978 .-- 45 p.
  • K. I. Mikulsky, V. Z. Rogovin, S. S. Shatalin Social policy of the CPSU. - M .: Politizdat, 1987 .-- 351 p.
  • E. T. Gaidar, S. S. Shatalin Economic reform: causes, directions, problems. - Economy. - M., 1989 .-- 110 p.
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This abstract is based on an article from the Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/09/11 14:07:33
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