Country Area, thousand square meters km Population, mln. Majority nation Estonia (Tallinn) 45.21.4 Estonians (69%), Russians (26%) Latvia (Riga) 64.62.3 Latvians (60%), Russians (27.5%) Lithuania (Vilnius) 65.23, 3 Lithuanians (83.5%), Poles (6.7%), Russians (6.3%) Poland (Warsaw) 312,738.2 Poles Czech Republic (Prague) 78,910.4 Czechs Slovakia (Bratislava) 48.95.4 Slovaks (86%) , Hungarians (10%) Hungary (Budapest) 9310 Hungarians Romania (Bucharest) 237.521.5 Romanians (89.5%), Hungarians (6.6%) Bulgaria (Sofia) 1117.6 Bulgarians (84.5%), Turks (9, 6%), Roma (4.7%) Serbia (Belgrade) 88.47.4 Serbs (62%), Albanians (17%) Montenegro (Cetine) 13.80.7 Montenegrins (43.1%), Serbs (32 %), Bosniaks (7%), Muslims (5.1%) Slovenia (Ljubljana) 20.32.1 Slovenians (83%), Serbs, Croats Croatia (Zagreb) 56.64.5 Croats (90%), Serbs (5 %) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) 51.14.6 Bosniaks (43.6%), Serbs (31.4%), Croats (17.3%) Macedonia (Skopje) 25.32.1 Macedonians (64.2% ), Albanians (25.1%) Albania (Tirana) 28.83.2 Albanians (95%), Greeks (3%)
Population Multinationality (change in the ratio of different nationalities) One of the lowest levels of natural increase in Europe (differences in different national groups) Average population density 104 people. per sq. km Intensive urbanization after the Second World War (Budapest and Bucharest over 2 million people)
Yugoslavia Independent state of the South Slavic peoples - 1918 After 1945 - Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1963 - Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia PeopleReligionSerbian language (yus)OrthodoxySerbo-Croatian Montenegrins (yus)OrthodoxySerbo-Croatian Macedonians (yus)OrthodoxyMacedonian Croats (yus)CatholicismSerbo-Croatian )CatholicismSlovenian AlbaniansMuslimAlbanian Slavic-MuslimMuslimSerbo-Croatian
Autonomous province of Kosovo and Metohija Muslim Albanians 90% (in the process of historical development) Broad autonomy after World War II 1980s - attempts at separatism After 1990 - dual power Albanians NATO Today a partially recognized state According to the Constitution of Serbia, it is part of it Ongoing military conflict Albanians,% Serbs% ??
Countries recognizing the independence of Kosovo,
Economy of Central and Eastern Europe. Prerequisites for development Availability of a number of minerals (hard, brown coal, non-ferrous metals) Border position between Eastern and Western Europe Historical development joining the USSR Current situation "on the outskirts" Western Europe
Industry Fuel and Energy (CHP: power generation based on local FI Poland, Czechoslovakia; HPP: Balkan countries; NPP: central part of CEE) Metallurgy (ferrous metallurgy Poland, Czech Republic, Romania and Czechoslovakia, non-ferrous metallurgy Poland, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia ) Engineering ( vehicles: ships Poland, Croatia; locomotives Latvia, Czech Republic, Poland Romania, buses Hungary (Ikarus!), etc.) Chemical industry (basic chemistry Poland, Romania, organic Romania (petrochemistry), Poland, Czechoslovakia (coking industry))
Transport The role of a link between the USSR and Western Europe Active industrialization Car roads: construction of new highways (north-south) Railways high rates of development during the USSR Pipeline transport Druzhba pipeline, etc.
slide 1
slide 2
slide 3
Peculiarities of the EGP Area 1,775,000 km The countries of Eastern Europe are a single natural-territorial massif stretching from the Baltic to the Black and Adriatic seas. The region and its adjoining countries are based on the ancient Precambrian platform, overlain by a cover of sedimentary rocks, as well as an area of alpine folding. the region has access to the Baltic, Adriatic, Aegean, Black Seas, the Gulf of Finland, which allow you to have connections with the countries of Asia, Africa, the CIS countries and Europe. However, some states are deprived of this opportunity: Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia. An important feature of all the countries of the region is their transit position between the countries of Western Europe and the CIS.
slide 4
Natural resources hard coal - in Poland (Upper Silesian basin) and in the Czech Republic (Ostrava-Karvinsky basin); oil and gas - in Romania; hydropower resources - in Bulgaria, Macedonia; iron ore - in Romania, Slovakia, as well as in the territory of the countries of the former Yugoslavia; copper - in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria; bauxites - in Hungary; chromites - in Albania; oil shale - in Estonia; sulfur and potassium salts - in Poland and Romania.
slide 5
Fertile soils: located on the plains of Eastern Europe, primarily on the Middle Danube Lowland. In combination with favorable agro-climatic resources, they are a good basis for the development of agriculture (with the exception of the Baltic countries. Water resources: represented by large river systems: the Danube, Vistula, Oder, etc. Provision with resources of total river flow per capita - from 2.5 to 50 thousand cubic meters per year - average in size; agro-climatic resources: favorable for growing cereals, sunflower, sugar beets, potatoes; the region is well provided with heat and moisture, except for its northern part;
slide 6
The provision of forest resources is generally insufficient for the development of forestry from 30 to 40% of the territory, most of them are secondary mixed broad-leaved forests. Only in the Baltic countries are coniferous forests of industrial importance. Natural and recreational resources are widely represented by resorts: Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic), Zakopane (Poland), Golden Sands (Bulgaria), Balaton (Hungary), resorts on the Adriatic, Tatras in the Czech Republic.
Slide 7
Population Number - 130 million people; Poland has the largest population (38.4 million people), the smallest - Estonia (1.5 million people). The average population density is from 10 to 100 people per sq. km. kilometer; Type of reproduction - II: fertility, mortality, natural increase low. Hungary and Bulgaria are experiencing a decline in population (the largest - in Albania); The predominance of the female population; (except Albania) The region is characterized by a general aging of the population; The region is still a hotbed labor migration to the countries of Western Europe; Eastern Europe has labor resources average qualification.
Slide 8
National composition: the Slavic language group prevails (Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Slovaks, Serbs, Slovenes, etc.); Romanesque (Romanians); Baltic (Lithuanians, Latvians). Interethnic problems in the countries of the former Yugoslavia (Serbia, Bosnia, etc.), in the Baltic states (infringement of the rights of the Russian-speaking population), in Bulgaria (due to the position of the Turkish minority), in Romania (due to the position of the Hungarian minority). Most homogeneous in national composition- Poland, Hungary, Albania, Lithuania. Religions: Orthodoxy, (Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Bulgaria), Catholicism, Lutheranism, in the south (slightly in number) - Islam (Albania);
Slide 9
Urbanization Level of urbanization: about 60 - 70% of the population lives in cities, the largest ones are Bucharest, Warsaw, Budapest; The region is still a hotbed of labor migration to the countries of Western Europe;
slide 10
Industry Energy Due to the shortage of oil reserves, this area is focused on coal, most of the electricity is generated by thermal power plants (more than 60%), but hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants also play an important role. Great importance and water resources (Bulgaria, Romania, Poland); One of the largest nuclear power plants, Kozloduy in Bulgaria, has been built in the region. Metallurgy Focused on both own raw materials and imported: non-ferrous - in Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria; black - in Poland, Czech Republic;
slide 11
‹‹ ‹
1 of 43
› ››Description of the presentation on individual slides:
slide number 1
Description of the slide:
Eastern Europe
slide number 2
Description of the slide:
EASTERN EUROPE Eastern Europe - in the narrowest sense of the word - geographically central and northeastern Europe, inhabited mainly by Slavic peoples, constituting 2/3 of the territory of this subcontinent of Eurasia. The term is very context-dependent and even changeable; as noted in the United Nations document, there are "nearly as many definitions of Eastern Europe as fields of science" and "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct". According to the UN definition, Eastern Europe includes: Belarus, Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine and the Czech Republic.
slide number 3
Description of the slide:
STATES AND THEIR CAPITALS STATE CAPITAL BULGARIA HUNGARY POLAND ROMANIA SLOVAKIA CZECH REPUBLIC MOLDOVA UKRAINE BELARUS
slide number 4
Description of the slide:
STATES AND THEIR CAPITALS STATE CAPITAL BULGARIA SOFIA HUNGARY BUDAPEST POLAND WARSAW ROMANIA BUCHAREST SLOVAKIA BRATISLAVA CZECH REPUBLIC PRAGUE MOLDOVA CHISINAU UKRAINE KIEV BELARUS MINSK
slide number 5
Description of the slide:
BULGARIA The national flag of the Republic of Bulgaria consists of three horizontal stripes of equal size: white above, green in the middle, red below. The first of them personifies freedom and peace, the second - forests and Agriculture, the third - the blood shed in the struggle for state independence. The coat of arms of Bulgaria is a dark red shield topped with the historical crown of Bulgaria. The shield depicts a crowned golden lion standing on its hind legs. The shield is held by two golden crowned lions. Under the shield are oak branches and a ribbon with the motto "Union to rule silat" (Unity gives strength).
slide number 6
Description of the slide:
BULGARIA Bulgaria full official form - the Republic of Bulgaria - a state in Eastern Europe, in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, occupies 22% of its area. The country was named after the ethnonym of the people - the Bulgarians. Population - 7,364,570 people Territory - 110,993 km². In the European Union it occupies: 11th place in terms of territory 16th place in terms of population. The capital is Sofia. The official language is Bulgarian. A significant part of the population (about 78%) professes Orthodoxy
slide number 7
Description of the slide:
BULGARIA Industrial country with developed agriculture. One of the main sectors of the economy are also tourism and services. The volume of GDP per capita - $ 13,562. Consists of many international organizations: UN since 1955 OSCE since 1975 BSEC since 1992 Council of Europe, WTO since 1996 NATO since 2004 EU since 2007.
slide number 8
Description of the slide:
BULGARIA Benefits: Coal and gas reserves. Productive agriculture, especially wine and tobacco production. Close ties with the EU. Weaknesses: infrastructure and equipment are outdated; high debt in all sectors. Privatization that dragged on until 1998 and structural reforms. The reforms led to stabilization in the economy, the rise of industry, and increased inflow of foreign investment into the country. In 2002, the European Commission recognized Bulgaria as a country with a market economy, thereby recognizing the success of the government in carrying out market reforms.
slide number 9
Description of the slide:
HUNGARY The national flag of the Republic of Hungary consists of red, white and green horizontal stripes. The red color symbolizes the blood of the Hungarian patriots shed in the struggle for the independence of Hungary. White is a symbol of moral purity and nobility of the ideals of the Hungarian people. Green is a symbol of hope for a better future for the country. The coat of arms of Hungary is a heraldic shield divided vertically in two. Heraldically, the right side of the shield is divided into eight horizontal alternating red and silver stripes. On the left side of the shield in a red field is a silver six-pointed cross standing on a green hill crowned with a golden crown, the middle of three. The shield is surmounted by the crown of Saint Stephen.
slide number 10
Description of the slide:
HUNGARY Hungary official form - Hungary - a state in Eastern Europe. Population - more than 10 million people territory - 93,030 km². It ranks 89th in the world in terms of population and 108th in terms of territory. The capital is Budapest. The official language is Hungarian. Unitary state, parliamentary republic. It is subdivided into 20 administrative-territorial units, 19 of which are the county and 1 is a city of republican subordination, equated in status to the county. A landlocked continental state. It has land borders with Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria.
slide number 11
Description of the slide:
HUNGARY Most of the believers (about 55% of the population) profess Catholicism. Industrial country with a dynamic developing economy. The volume of GDP per capita is 19,647 US dollars. The country is a member of the UN since 1955 joined the GATT in 1973 joined the IMF and IBRD in 1982 The Council of Europe in 1991 since 1999 a member of NATO since 2004 - the EU. Since January 1, 2011, Hungary has held the presidency of the European Union for six months.
slide number 12
Description of the slide:
HUNGARY Benefits: Stronger by 1998, Hungary opened up to foreign direct investment. An efficient tax system. Reducing bureaucracy. Since the end of the 90s. stable growth based on exports. Developed industrial production, especially in new modernized firms. Fully convertible currency since mid-2001. Decreasing inflation. Weaknesses: insufficient energy production. Gap in domestic development, eastern rural areas do not receive sufficient funding. Big income disparity. Lack of control over money laundering. Hungary mainly exports engineering products and other manufactured goods. The main partner in foreign trade is Germany.
slide number 13
Description of the slide:
POLAND Coat of arms of Poland is the official state symbol of the Republic of Poland. The image is a white eagle with golden claws and a beak, wearing a golden crown, on a red background. The national flag of Poland consists of two equal horizontal stripes, the upper stripe is white and the lower one is red.
slide number 14
Description of the slide:
POLAND Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a state in Eastern Europe. Population - more than 38.5 million people territory - 312,679 km². It ranks 34th in the world in terms of population and 69th in terms of territory. The capital is Warsaw. The official language is Polish. Most of the believers (about 87% of the population) profess Catholicism. Unitary state, parliamentary republic. An industrial country with a dynamically developing economy. The volume of GDP per capita is 22,162 dollars.
slide number 15
Description of the slide:
POLAND Poland is a former socialist country, so its economy was seriously affected by the political changes that took place in the early 1990s. So, at this time, a wave of privatization began, during which the bulk of state property passed into private hands. A developed market economy promotes competition. The Polish economy also has its weaknesses. First of all, it is relatively high, by the standards of the European Union, unemployment (in 2004, 18%, but in 2008 - only 6.5%). Agriculture suffers from a lack of investment, an abundance of small farms and excess staff.
slide number 16
Description of the slide:
POLAND Mining of hard, brown coal and natural gas; sulfur, saltpeter, table, potash and rock salt and asbestos; iron ore, silver, nickel, gold, cobalt, copper, zinc, shale gas; logging, fishing, antler reindeer breeding. Poland has a highly developed agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main crops are rye, wheat, barley, and oats. Poland is a major producer of sugar beets, potatoes, and cabbage. The export of apples, strawberries, raspberries, currants, garlic and onions is of great importance. The leading branch of animal husbandry is pig breeding; dairy and meat cattle breeding, poultry farming; beekeeping. Sea fishing and reindeer husbandry.
slide number 17
Description of the slide:
POLAND Leading branches of the manufacturing industry mechanical engineering (production of fishing vessels, freight and passenger cars, road and construction machines, machine tools, engines, electronics, industrial equipment, etc.), ferrous and non-ferrous (large zinc production) metallurgy, chemical (sulfuric acid, fertilizers , pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic products, photographic goods), textile (cotton, linen, woolen), clothing, cement, production of porcelain and faience, production of sporting goods (kayaks, yachts, tents, etc.). furniture manufacture
slide number 18
Description of the slide:
ROMANIA The flag of Romania is a red-yellow-blue tricolor - 3 vertical lines of equal width. It was adopted in 1848 during the revolution in Wallachia. The flag resembles some other European flags. The emblem of Romania is a golden eagle holding a cross in its beak, and a scepter and a sword in its paws. The shield, located on the eagle, is divided into five fields, each of which is a symbol of the historical region of Romania. Golden eagle - symbol of Wallachia Bison head - Moldavia Dolphins - Dobruja Black eagle, seven castles, sun and month - Transylvania Lion and bridge - Oltenia and Banat
slide number 19
Description of the slide:
ROMANIA Romania is a country in Eastern Europe. Population - more than 19 million people Territory - 238,391 km² It ranks 52nd in the world in terms of population and 78 in terms of territory. The capital is Bucharest. The official language is Romanian. Most of the believers (about 87% of the population) profess Orthodoxy. It has borders with Ukraine, Moldova, Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria. Unitary state, parliamentary republic. An industrial country with a dynamically developing economy. The volume of GDP per capita is 13840 US dollars.
slide number 20
Description of the slide:
ROMANIA Benefits: oil reserves, potential for tourism, declining inflation. Strong recovery since 2000 thanks to export growth. Weaknesses: strong corruption, high inflation (8.1% in 2008). The protracted transition from a planned to a market economy. Slowly advancing market reform. Small volume of foreign investments. One of largest industries economy - oil production, but oil reserves are negligible and its production is constantly decreasing. One of the largest manufacturers of oil and gas equipment (80% of the production of all oil and gas equipment) is the Upetrom Plant - May 1 in (Ploiesti). Since the mid-2000s, Romania's oil consumption has been roughly double its own production, and this ratio also applies to oil imports and exports.
slide number 21
Description of the slide:
ROMANIA Romania has natural gas reserves and production, but in recent years the country has had to import gas to meet its needs. The leading branch of agriculture is plant growing, grain farming. Developed viticulture. In animal husbandry - breeding of sheep and cattle. The main articles of Romanian exports are products of mechanical engineering and the metallurgical industry. Imports are dominated by engineering products, raw materials, including oil and gas, textiles and textile products. The distribution of the labor force is about 30% in agriculture, 23% in industry, 47% in the service sector. The main partners in foreign trade are Germany, Italy, France.
slide number 22
Description of the slide:
SLOVAKIA The flag of Slovakia is based on the red and white ancient Slovak flag, as well as the white, blue and red Slavic tricolor. To the left of the center is the coat of arms of Slovakia. The coat of arms of Slovakia consists of a double silver cross on a red early Gothic shield, which stands on a symbolic image of three mountains in blue. The double cross symbolizes the Christian cross, which was used starting from the 9th century in Byzantium, and was brought to Slovakia by Cyril and Methodius.
slide number 23
Description of the slide:
SLOVAKIA Slovakia, officially called the Slovak Republic, is a state in Eastern Europe. Population - more than 5.4 million people. Territory - 48,845 km². It ranks 112th in the world in terms of population and 127th in terms of territory. The capital is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak. Most of the believers (about 70% of the population) profess Catholicism. It has land borders with Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Hungary. Unitary state, parliamentary republic. The volume of GDP per capita is 23,384 US dollars.
slide number 24
Description of the slide:
SLOVAKIA Slovakia is a developed industrial and agricultural country. A relatively developed diversified agriculture is based on a modern material and technical base and infrastructure. Benefits: increased production, especially in the Bratislava area. Growth of foreign investments, some success of the privatization program. Export to EU countries is profitable. EU membership should contribute to further stabilization. Prospects for tourism, especially for ski resorts in the Tatras. Low inflation (1.6%), poverty (7.2%) and state debt(52% of GDP) compared to the rest of Europe. Developed pharmaceuticals and drug production. Slovakia was able in a very short time (2002-2005) to reorient itself to the Western market. Full market economy.
slide number 25
Description of the slide:
SLOVAKIA Weaknesses: high unemployment - 12.3% in 2010. Due to dependence on foreign trade, Slovakia is sensitive to the global recession, but was less affected than Hungary. Heavy industry is a very unproductive and uncompetitive mechanism. The east of the country is poor (Košice and Prešov regions). The growth of unemployment (in 2004 - 19%). Slovakia has overcome most of the difficult transition from a centralized planned economy to the modern market. As a result, the standard of living of the population increased and Slovakia was admitted to the EU. Privatization is largely completed, the banking sector is almost entirely in the hands of foreigners, and foreign investment are growing. The Slovak economy has outperformed early 2000s expectations, except for a decline in exports.
slide number 26
Description of the slide:
CZECH REPUBLIC The flag of the Czech Republic is the official state symbol of the Czech Republic. It is a rectangular panel consisting of two equal horizontal stripes: white and red, with the addition of a blue isosceles triangle at the base. The coat of arms of the Czech Republic is a combination of the coats of arms of the countries of the Czech crown in the Middle Ages. The emblem of Bohemia is a white lion with two tails. The red and white eagle on a blue field belongs to Moravia. The black eagle on a golden background represents Silesia.
slide number 27
Description of the slide:
CZECH REPUBLIC The Czech Republic, the official name of the Czech Republic, is a state in Eastern Europe. It borders with Poland (border length 658 km) in the north, Germany - in the northwest and west (border length 646 km), Austria - in the south (border length 362 km) and Slovakia - in the east (border length 214 km). The total length of the border is 1880 km. The capital - Prague since March 12, 1999 is a member of NATO since May 1, 2004 is a member of the European Union. The population is about 10.5 million people. The largest number of believers are Catholics (26.8% of the population), the next largest group are Protestants (2.5%).
slide number 28
Description of the slide:
CZECH REPUBLIC Czech Republic - industrial country. The main industries are fuel and energy, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, light and food industries. Among all the post-communist states, the Czech Republic has one of the most stable and successful economic systems. Its basis is industry (mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and electronics, chemistry, food industry, ferrous metallurgy) and services. The share of agriculture and forestry, as well as the mining industry, is insignificant and continues to decrease.
slide number 29
Description of the slide:
CZECH REPUBLIC Crisis phenomena managed to be overcome by increasing exports to countries market economy, first of all, the European Union (and within its framework - Germany), attracting foreign investment and growth in domestic consumption. Since joining the European Union in May 2004 the economic growth Czech Republic noticeably accelerated. In terms of foreign trade per capita, the country is one of the leaders, ahead of such countries as Japan, Great Britain, France or Italy. The development of the Czech economy in 2009 was strongly affected by the global financial crisis. In the first half of 2010, the country's economy began to gradually emerge from the crisis.
slide number 30
Description of the slide:
MOLDOVA The flag of Moldova is a tricolor with equal stripes arranged vertically in the following order starting from the flagstaff: blue, yellow, red. In the center, on the yellow stripe, is the State Emblem of the Republic of Moldova. The coat of arms of Moldova is a crossed shield, in the upper part of which there is a red field, in the lower part - blue. In the center of the shield is the head of a bison, between the horns of which there is an eight-pointed star, to the right of the head - a five-petal rose, to the left - a crescent moon, turned and slightly tilted to the left. All elements on the shield are golden (yellow). The shield is placed on the chest of an eagle holding a golden cross (crusader eagle) in its beak, in its claws: on the right - a green olive branch, on the left - a golden scepter.
Description of the slide:
MOLDOVA The climate of Moldova favors agriculture. There are no deposits of mineral resources in the country, and therefore the country's economy is based on agriculture. Almost all energy resources are imported. According to some estimates, up to 25% of Moldova's labor force works abroad. According to the European Commission's Directorate General for Trade, Moldova's exports in 2012 amounted to 1.6 billion euros. The main export items are food products, textiles. Main importers: European Union (54.6%), Ukraine (19.4%), Russia (8.1%), Belarus (5.4%), Turkey (4.8%)
slide number 33
Description of the slide:
MOLDOVA The main imports are minerals and fuels, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles. The main exporters are the European Union (53.5%), Russia (21%), Ukraine (6%), Turkey (6%). There are 174 wineries in Moldova. In 2005 it was recognized by the World Bank the poorest country in Europe. Moldova is a country with a relatively underdeveloped tourism industry, despite the existence of historical and modern tourist attractions on its territory. The most visited place in Moldova by tourists is its capital, Chisinau.
slide number 34
Description of the slide:
UKRAINE The state flag of Ukraine is its official state symbol. It is a rectangular panel of two equal horizontal stripes: the upper one is blue and the lower one is yellow. The State Emblem of Ukraine consists of the Small and Large coats of arms. Only the Lesser Coat of Arms is currently in use. The large coat of arms of Ukraine exists in the form of a bill. The central heraldic figure of both coats of arms is the "trident" of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir, ruler and baptist of Russia. In addition, according to the Constitution of Ukraine, a Cossack with a musket, a symbol of the Zaporizhian Army, should also be an element of the Great Coat of Arms.
Description of the slide:
UKRAINE As of 2014, Ukraine ranked 96th in the global ease of doing business ranking. The economy, with its market nature, is characterized by the active role of the state: it owns about 140 large enterprises in various sectors of the national economy, and also controls the prices of a number of goods, including basic foodstuffs and fuels and lubricants. In the volume of GDP, the share of industrial production for 2011 is 34.4%, services - 56.2%, agriculture - 9.4%. At the same time, 18.5% of the working population is employed in industry, 15.8% in agriculture and 65.7% of the working population in the service sector. Total working-age population - 22.09 million people (30th place in the world), unemployment rate - 7% (81st place in the world)
slide number 37
Description of the slide:
UKRAINE Main production centers: Cement: Balakleya, Amvrosievka, Zdolbunov, Bakhchisaray, Nikolaev. Concrete concrete production: Kharkiv, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye, Krivoy Rog, Chernihiv, Kiev, Donetsk, Sokiryany, Kakhovka Wall materials production: Sumy, Kiev, Khmelnitsky, Chernivtsi, Chernihiv Glass industry: Kiev, Stryi, Konstantinovka, Lviv, Berezhany, Bucha Porcelain and faience industry: Budy, Korosten, Baranovka, Sumy
slide number 38
Description of the slide:
UKRAINE IN Food Industry 12.8% of the country's able-bodied population is employed. The range of manufactured products includes more than 3,000 items. The forest resources of Ukraine are very limited, the forest cover of the territory is 14.3%. The main tracts of forests are concentrated in the Carpathians, in Polesie and in the Crimean mountains. Valuable species of trees are widespread - beech, oak, spruce, pine, ash. The logging industry was formed in the Carpathians and Polissya (90% of all logging). The forests have been depleted by merciless exploitation. Large centers: Lviv, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Zhitomir, Chernihiv, Rakhiv, Yasinya, Khust, Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Kostopol, Shostka.
Description of the slide:
BELARUS The national flag of the Republic of Belarus is a rectangular panel consisting of two horizontally placed colored stripes: the upper one is red and the lower one is green. The Belarusian national ornament of red color on a white field is vertically placed near the pole. The State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus is a green contour of the country superimposed on the golden rays of the sun rising over the globe. Above the outline is a five-pointed red star. The coat of arms is framed by a wreath of golden rye ears intertwined with clover flowers on the right, and flax flowers on the left. The ears are entwined with a red-green ribbon, on which an inscription in gold is placed below: "Republic of Belarus".
slide number 41
Description of the slide:
BELARUS Belarus official name - Republic of Belarus official abbreviated name Belarus - a state in Eastern Europe. It borders with Russia in the east, Ukraine in the south, Poland in the west, Lithuania and Latvia in the northwest. Population - 9.4751 million people The country's area is 207,599 km². The capital is Minsk. The official languages are Belarusian and Russian. It is a founding member of the UN, the CIS, the CSTO, the EurAsEC, the Union State, the EAEU, as well as a member of other international associations. GDP per capita $17,700.
slide number 42
Description of the slide:
BELARUS The economy in Belarus is built on the principles of a socially oriented, market model. The structure of the economy of Belarus is characterized by the dominance of state ownership in production, energy, transport, mining, construction, agriculture and banking, and a small share of the private sector. The country has developed energy, engineering, agriculture, chemical and timber industries, construction, production of building materials and mining. The main export items are oil products, potash fertilizers, engineering, chemical and food industry products.
slide number 43
Description of the slide:
To download the material, enter your E-mail, indicate who you are, and click the button
Eastern Europe
Presentation prepared by a geography teacher
MOU secondary school No. 5 Vsevolozhsk Pavlova Tatyana Alexandrovna
- Eastern Europe as a historical and geographical region includes: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, countries formed as a result of the collapse of the former Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia), Albania, Latvia, Lithuania , Estonia
- These states occupy a single territory stretching in a fairly wide strip from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Mediterranean and Black Seas in the south and southeast for about 1500 km. All countries except the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary have access to the sea.
Population
- The population of the region is about 130 million people, but the demographic situation, which is not easy in all of Europe, is the most alarming in Eastern Europe. Despite several decades of active population policy, the natural population growth is very small (less than 2%) and continues to decrease. In Bulgaria and Hungary, there is even a natural decline in population. The main reason for this is the violation of the age and sex structure of the population as a result of the Second World War.
- In some countries, the natural increase is higher than the average for the region (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia), and it is the largest in Albania - 20%.
- The most big country region - Poland (about 40 million people), the smallest - Estonia (about 1.5 million people)
- The territories of these countries are densely populated. More than half of the inhabitants live in cities. The largest of them are the capitals of states.
- Each city has its own characteristics, its own "face". The Czechs, for example, call their capital Zlata Prague as a sign of love, admiration for its beauty. This is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. Ancient palaces and towers, numerous monuments of antiquity, bridges over the Vltava River create a unique image of the city.
Natural resources
- The climate is temperate maritime, temperate continental, in the south it turns into subtropical Mediterranean.
- Natural areas are diverse, large areas are occupied by mixed and broad-leaved forests.
Energy
- Due to the shortage of oil reserves, this area is focused on coal, most of the electricity is generated at thermal power plants (more than 60%), but hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants also play an important role. One of the largest nuclear power plants, Kozloduy in Bulgaria, has been built in the region.
Metallurgy
- In the post-war period, the industry actively grew and developed in all countries of the region, and non-ferrous metallurgy relies mainly on its own raw materials, while ferrous metallurgy relies on imported ones.
- The southern metallurgical base of Poland was formed on the basis of the Upper Silesian coal basin. It includes about two dozen factories, including two very large plants - Huta-Krakow and Katowice.
mechanical engineering
- The industry is also represented in all countries, but is most developed in the Czech Republic (primarily machine tool building, production of household appliances and computer technology); Poland and Romania are distinguished by the production of metal-intensive machines and structures, Hungary, Bulgaria, Latvia - by the electrical industry; in addition, shipbuilding is developed in Poland and Estonia.
Chemical industry
- The region's chemical industry lags far behind Western Europe due to the lack of raw materials for the most advanced branches of chemistry - oil. But still, the pharmaceutical industry of Poland and Hungary, the glass industry of the Czech Republic can be noted.
Agriculture
- The structure of the economy of the region is heterogeneous: in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, and the Baltic countries, the share of animal husbandry exceeds the share of crop production, in the rest - the ratio is still the opposite.
- Due to the diversity of soil and climatic conditions, several zones of crop production can be distinguished: wheat is grown everywhere, but in the north (Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) rye and potatoes play an important role, vegetable growing and horticulture are cultivated in the central part of the subregion, and the "southern" countries specialize in subtropical crops.
- The main crops grown in the region are wheat, corn, vegetables, fruits.
- The main wheat and corn regions of Eastern Europe were formed within the Middle and Lower Danube lowlands and the Danube hilly plain (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria).
- Hungary has achieved the greatest success in grain growing.
Livestock.
- The northern and central countries of the region specialize in dairy and meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding, while the southern countries specialize in mountain pasture meat and wool animal husbandry.
The countries of Eastern Europe can be conditionally divided into 3 groups according to the commonality of their EGL, resources, and level of development.
- Northern group: Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia. These countries are still characterized by a low degree of integration, but there are common tasks in the development of the marine economy.
- Central group: Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary. The economy of the first two countries has a pronounced industrial character. The Czech Republic ranks first in the region in terms of industrial output per capita.
- Southern group: Romania, Bulgaria, countries of the former Yugoslavia, Albania. In the past, these were the most backward countries, and now, despite great changes in their economy, the countries of this group lag behind the countries of the 1st and 2nd groups in most indicators.
Transport
- In Eastern Europe, lying at the crossroads that have long connected the eastern and western parts of Eurasia, the transport system has been formed over many centuries. Currently, rail transport is leading in terms of traffic volume, but automobile and sea transport are also intensively developing. The presence of the largest ports contributes to the development of foreign economic relations, shipbuilding, ship repair, and fishing.
- The azure sea, picturesque mountains, mineral springs, warm climate, historical monuments attract many tourists here. Tourism and resort business bring big incomes