Powerpoint presentation on the "Market" topic. This presentation for 9th grade schoolchildren tells about what the market is, what functions it performs, what advantages and disadvantages it has, what types of market exist.
Fragments from the presentation
- MARKET- market square, place of trade, i.e. a meeting place for sellers and buyers.
- MARKET- the form of functioning of the economy, in which the interaction of production and consumption is ensured through exchange, purchase and sale of goods and services.
Material basis of the market
- money
- product
Conditions for the emergence of a market economy:
- Social division of labor
- Private ownership of the means of production.
- Competition
- Free pricing.
The main subjects of the market are:
- Household
- Business (entrepreneurship)
- State (government)
In this way, market Is such an organization of economic life in which manufacturers, relying on the demand of buyers, independently decide the main economic issues.
Main market functions
- Information
- Regulatory
- Sanitizing
- Stimulating
Market advantages:
- efficient allocation of resources;
- flexibility, high adaptability (i.e. adaptability) to changing conditions;
- freedom of choice and action of producers and consumers;
- maximum use of the achievements of scientific and technological revolution;
- the ability to meet various needs, improve the quality of goods and services.
Market Disadvantages:
- does not contribute to the preservation of non-renewable resources;
- does not create incentives for the production of goods and services for collective use;
- does not guarantee full employment and a stable price level;
- does not create conditions for the development of science, education, cultural institutions.
- generates social injustice and stratification of society into rich and poor.
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The presentation on the topic "Market and Market Economy" (Grade 8) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Economics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 17 slide (s).
Presentation slides
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Market and market economy
Creator: Semkova N.V. - teacher of history and social studies MKOU "Secondary School No. 10, Nizhnyaya Salda, Sverdlovsk region
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Medieval market
Historically, markets as places of trade arose near cities and developed with them. With the development of commodity production, new subjects and ways of implementing market relations appear - merchants, banks, trading establishments. Foreign trade begins to play a significant role in the economic life of states. The market from a specific place of trade turns into a complex system of economic relations of purchase and sale of goods.
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Market conditions
Social division of labor and specialization
Economic isolation of production
Independence of production and freedom of entrepreneurship
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Market concept
The market is economic relations associated with the sale and purchase of goods and services, as a result of which demand, supply and price are formed
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Types of markets
In terms of legislation
legal illegal
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Market economy characteristics:
1.the presence of independent producers, freedom of economic choice (freedom of entrepreneurship, freedom of professional choice, freedom of consumer choice), entrepreneurial activity and a guarantee of property rights of various economic entities; 2. competition between producers of various forms of ownership; 3. free market prices, balancing supply and demand; 4. free movement of capital between industries, regions and countries; 5. availability of capital and labor markets; 6. openness of the economy to world integration processes, the possibility of migration of labor, goods and capital;
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Market regulation laws
The mechanism of the commodity market is governed by two laws: the law of value and the law of supply and demand. Demand is the quantity of goods of a certain type that a customer is willing to buy at a certain price level. An offer is the quantity of goods that the seller is ready to offer to the buyer at a specific place and at a specific time. Monetary value is the price that is set by the manufacturer and, in theory, can be higher, lower, or equal to value. The price is the value of goods and services in money. In reality, two prices are formed on the market: a) the demand price, which is understood as the maximum price at which the buyer agrees to buy the goods; b) the offer price is the minimum price at which the manufacturer is ready to sell the product.
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The market economic system performs many different functions, among which the main ones are considered: a) an intermediary function, which consists in the fact that the market directly directly connects producers of goods and their consumers; b) the function of pricing, which is realized in the process of a market game and competition and manifests itself in the establishment of a certain equilibrium price for a particular type of goods; c) information function, the essence of which is the provision by the market through a specific range of prices information about the size of a particular production and the satisfaction of consumer demand for specific goods; d) a regulatory function, which involves the flow of capital from less profitable industries with low prices to more profitable industries with higher prices (i.e., from those industries in which there is overproduction, in an industry where there is a shortage of output); e) sanitizing function, within the framework of which the economy is "liberated" from the ineffective one.
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Competition and its types.
Competition (from the Latin concurrere - to push, compete) is a rivalry between participants in the market economy for the best conditions for the production and sale of goods.
By its nature and methods of conduct, competition can be both conscientious, civilized, and unscrupulous, uncivilized.
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Civilized competition
It acts as an external motivating force that forces isolated commodity producers: 1. to constantly improve the technical equipment of production. 2. to improve labor efficiency. 3. to reduce their costs of production of goods in order to increase profits.
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The market system, in the economy, the way of organizing economic life, in which capital and land are privately owned, and the allocation of resources, production, exchange and consumption of goods and services are carried out on the basis of supply and demand. Market economy is based on the principles of free enterprise and choice.
The basis of this system are: the right to private property, private economic initiative, market organization of resource allocation. The creation of exactly those goods that society needs is carried out by a system of markets, on each of which goods and resources of a certain type are sold and bought (there is a land market, a capital market, a labor market, markets for goods and services that are directly consumed by people).
The market determines the degree of success of a particular economic initiative, forms the amount of income that property brings to its owners, dictates the proportions of the distribution of limited resources between alternative spheres of their use.
The well-being of each person in the market system is determined by how successfully he can sell on the market the goods he owns: his labor force, skills, his own products, land plot, the ability to conduct commercial transactions. Anyone who offers customers the best product and on more favorable terms, opens the way for himself to the growth of his own well-being.
The advantage of the market mechanism is that it makes each seller think about the interests of buyers, thereby the seller achieves his own benefit. But the buyer is forced to reckon with the interests of the seller, he can get the desired product only by paying for it the price prevailing in the market. Analyzing the mechanism of market reconciliation of the interests of sellers and buyers, the eminent English scientist-economist Adam Smith wrote in his famous book "A Study on the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776): "Each person thinks only about his own benefit, but an invisible hand that guides him , as in many other things, will lead him to a result, which he himself did not even think about. "
By the “invisible hand” of the market, which has enabled the market economic system to coordinate the activities of hundreds of millions of people since Adam Smith, economists mean the price mechanism. It is the prices that emerge in the process of competition in the market that serve as the main source of information for all sellers and buyers about the ratio of the supply of goods and the demand for them.
Competitive markets are the most efficient way known to mankind to allocate limited productive resources and the benefits created with their help. The advantage of competition lies in the fact that only through the production of goods of better quality or less costly goods, it is possible to defeat competitors. In the competition of buyers for a scarce product with the lowest cost, those whose own activities are valued by the market especially highly and are better paid, which makes it possible to offer the highest price for the product, prevail.
The market system, due to the peculiarities of its functioning, also has a number of disadvantages, which are called market failures (weaknesses) in economic theory. The main failures of the market system are: a significant gap between the incomes of various segments of the population, the inability to produce a sufficient amount of so-called public goods within the system, the possible monopolization of the market, etc.
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The presentation on the topic "Market Economy" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Economics. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 27 slides.
Presentation slides
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The goal is to study the concepts of money, functions of money, types of money, money supply, division of labor, specialization, fundamentals of a market economy, demand, supply for: mastering a system of knowledge about economic activity and about the Russian economy; mastering the skills to receive and critically comprehend economic information, analyze, systematize the obtained data; to approach the events of public and political life from an economic point of view; to master the methods of cognitive, communicative, practical activities necessary for participation in the economic life of society and the state; formation of experience in applying the knowledge and skills acquired to solve typical economic problems; assimilation economic knowledge for future work as an employee and effective self-realization in the economic sphere.
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Money is a special commodity that acts as a universal equivalent (it allows you to uniformly measure all commodities for exchange). Money is a commodity in which the value of other commodities is expressed (accepted by all in exchange for any commodities). Money - makes it possible to save and accumulate part of current income in the form of savings.
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Functions of money:
1. Means of exchange (any goods can be exchanged for money). 2. A measure of value (money can be used to value all other goods). 3. Savings (it can perform its functions in the future). In ancient times, they used as money: cattle, grain, animal skins, gold, silver.
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Money specialization prerequisite
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Division of labor and specialization
Division of labor - the division of the production process into a number of separate operations, stages performed by different workers.Specialization is the concentration of activity in relatively narrow areas (in the hands of a person or economic organization who do it better than others).
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Division of labor
Disadvantages of specialization: Monotony and tediousness Specialization and cooperation are related to each other, the less we produce for ourselves, the more we depend on others.
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II. Market economy fundamentals
Private property Freedom of enterprise and choice Competition Personal interest and private business initiative Free pricing Limited role of government
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Private property
In a market economy, mainly material resources are the property of individuals and private institutions. Private property allows you to acquire, control, use and sell material resources at your own discretion. The institution of private property is supported by the law of will. In a market economy, state property also plays an important role, which owns some of the "Natural Monopolies"
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Freedom of entrepreneurship and freedom of choice
Freedom of enterprise - means that private enterprises have the right to acquire economic resources, organize the production of goods and services and sell on the market. Freedom of choice means: The owners of material resources and money capital can use these resources at their discretion. Consumers are free within their financial capabilities. The consumer in a market economy occupies a special place and determines which goods and services to buy. Consumer choice determines what the manufacturer will produce. They are not “free” to produce goods that consumers do not want.
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Competition
Limited resource
COMPETITION (competition) - the struggle for the most profitable terms production and marketing of goods.
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Freedom of choice, realized in the form of everyone's desire to receive for themselves personally cash income, it serves as the basis for competition, or economic competition. Competition means: 1. The presence in the market of a large number of independently acting buyers (consumer) and sellers (seller) of any particular product or resource. 2. The freedom to enter and buy certain markets.
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Competition
Economic competition is beneficial: Competition provides the goods and services that consumers need, and where they are needed. Manufacturers know that if they do not meet the needs of consumers, then competitors will. Manufacturers strive to be more efficient. This saves resources, raises total output, and improves living standards through price reductions.
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Personal interest
The main driving force in a market economy is self-interest. Each economic unit does what is in his best interest. Entrepreneur - MAX-t profit, the owner of the resources sells them at a higher price, the worker tries to get a high wages etc.
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Markets and prices (market and price)
The decisions made by buyers and sellers are implemented through a system of markets. The market is a mechanism of contact between buyers and sellers. McDonald's, gas station, Sotheby's are examples of the market. The market system is a polysyllabic system of connections, through these systems of connections, global economic issues are resolved: what to produce, how to produce and for whom.
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How does the pricing system answer the questions: WHAT? High demand leads to higher prices. This attracts manufacturers. The production of goods is expanding. And vice versa. AS? The pricing system helps to produce goods, so that the manufacturer can minimize his costs and swing profits. WHO? Those with higher incomes eat smoked sausage; those with lower incomes eat sausages.
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Demand and supply
Demand - the desire and ability to purchase a product or service at a certain price, in a certain quantity, at a certain time, in a certain place; Offer - a desire and ability to sell a product or service at a certain price, in a certain quantity at a certain time, in a certain place
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Market equilibrium
Market situation
The seller wants and can sell goods and services at a certain price
The buyer wants and can buy goods and services at a certain price
Equilibrium price
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Law of demand and law of supply
The law of demand - an increase in prices leads to a decrease in the volume of demand, and a decrease in prices leads to an increase in the volume of demand (there is an inverse relationship between the price of a product and the value of consumer demand); The law of supply - an increase in prices leads to an increase in the volume of supply, and a decrease in prices leads to a decrease in the volume of supply (there is a direct relationship between the price of goods and the amount of supply);
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Equivalent is an equivalent, equivalent product. Equivalence is especially important when comparing goods and exchanging them for each other. For this purpose, commodity equivalents are used, that is, goods that are equivalent to others are used as benchmarks for comparison of value. The universal commodity equivalent with which all commodities are compared is money. Bank is a financial institution that sells and buys money Credit - provision money on debt, with interest paid Bond - security bearer, a promissory note of the state or other institutions for which the owner receives an annual fixed income in the form of a certain percentage of their value. Interest on deposits - payment received from the bank for using the deposit. Loan interest - payment received for using the loan.
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Term deposit - deposit Money to the bank at interest on a certain period Barter is a direct exchange of some goods or services for others without the use of money. Assets - everything of value that belongs to a person, a firm or the state as property Liquidity - the degree of ease with which any assets can be converted into money Money supply - the amount of money that citizens, firms, the state own for use in settlements and savings.
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Sector of the economy - a set of enterprises and organizations producing homogeneous products or services Price - monetary value of the cost Cost price - a set of costs for the production and sale of goods Monopoly - 1. Exclusive right to manufacture, sell something 2. Activity in any area in the absence free competition
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Student assignment
Find in the literature quotes, statements of thinkers on the topic: "The role of money in people's lives"; Draw a "Marshall cross", explain what patterns can be characterized with its help; Build a graph of supply and demand, find and shade areas of scarcity and oversupply;
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Used Books
Social Science - edited by L.N. Bogolyubov and N.I. Gorodetskaya - for students of grade 8, Moscow, "Education", 2010 Social studies, edited by A.F. Nikitin. - for pupils of 8-9 grades, Moscow, "Education", 2009 3. Economics, IV Lipsits, Moscow, Vita Press, 2007
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Issues for discussion
1. Remember the works of world and domestic literature, which would depict the power of money. Comment on them from a psychological and economic point of view.
Historically, markets as places of trade arose near cities and developed with them. With the development of commodity production, new subjects and ways of implementing market relations appear - merchants, banks, trading establishments. Foreign trade begins to play a significant role in the economic life of states. The market from a specific place of trade turns into a complex system of economic relations of purchase and sale of goods. sans- acad.ru% 2Fimages% 2Fslides% 2Fmedtown% 2Fl% 2Fimg030.jpg & ed = 1 & text =% D1% 81% D1% 80% D0% B5% D0% B4% D0% BD% D 0% B5% D0% B2 % D0% B5% D0% BA% D0% BE% D0% B2% D1% 8B% D0% B9% 20% D0% B3% D0% BE% D1% 80% D0% BE% D0% B4 & p = 39
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Unregulated supply The manufacturer himself decides what, how, how much And for whom to produce Unregulated demand The consumer decides what, where, how And how much to buy Unregulated price Prices are determined in the market Depend on supply and demand
1.the presence of independent producers, freedom of economic choice (freedom of entrepreneurship, freedom of professional choice, freedom of consumer choice), entrepreneurial activity and a guarantee of property rights of various economic entities; 2. competition between producers of various forms of ownership; 3. free market prices, balancing supply and demand; 4. free movement of capital between industries, regions and countries; 5. availability of capital and labor markets; 6. openness of the economy to world integration processes, the possibility of migration of labor, goods and capital;
The mechanism of the commodity market is governed by two laws: the law of value and the law of supply and demand. Demand is the quantity of goods of a certain type that a customer is willing to buy at a certain price level. An offer is the quantity of goods that the seller is ready to offer to the buyer at a specific place and at a specific time. Monetary value is the price that is set by the manufacturer and, in theory, can be higher, lower, or equal to value. The price is the value of goods and services in money. In reality, two prices are formed on the market: a) the demand price, which is understood as the maximum price at which the buyer agrees to buy the goods; b) the offer price is the minimum price at which the manufacturer is ready to sell the product.
The market economic system performs many different functions, among which the main ones are considered: a) an intermediary function, which consists in the fact that the market directly directly connects producers of goods and their consumers; b) the function of pricing, which is realized in the process of a market game and competition and manifests itself in the establishment of a certain equilibrium price for a particular type of goods; c) information function, the essence of which is the provision by the market through a specific range of prices information about the size of a particular production and the satisfaction of consumer demand for specific goods; d) a regulatory function, which involves the flow of capital from less profitable industries with low prices to more profitable industries with higher prices (i.e., from those industries in which there is overproduction, in an industry where there is a shortage of output); e) sanitizing function, within the framework of which the economy is "liberated" from the ineffective one.
Competition (from the Latin concurrere to push, to compete) is the rivalry between participants in the market economy for the best conditions for the production and sale of goods. By its nature and methods of conduct, competition can be both conscientious, civilized, and unscrupulous, uncivilized.
It acts as an external motivating force that forces isolated commodity producers: 1. to constantly improve the technical equipment of production. 2. to improve labor efficiency. 3. to reduce their costs of production of goods in order to increase profits.
1. violation of accepted norms and rules; 2. false information and advertisements that mislead competitors and consumers; 3. imitation of goods and products of competitors; 4. falsification of quality, standards and terms of delivery of goods; 5. conspiracy in the auctions and the creation of secret alliances; 6. establishing control over the activities of a competitor in order to terminate these activities; 7. physical elimination of a competitor;
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