Project assignment

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Introduction

Composition solution

Structural solution

Features of exterior and interior decoration

Conclusion

Project task

1. Develop architectural and construction drawings of a low-rise residential building (urban development) for a family of 3-6 people.

Write an explanatory note for the project.

Design data:

Place of construction - Ulan-Ude.

Structural scheme of the building - wall (bearing wall).

The maximum dimensions in the plan are 9*12m.

Foundations - tape (reinforced concrete prefabricated or monolithic).

The walls are load-bearing (64 cm) and non-bearing made of bricks.

Partitions - wooden-board or plasterboard.

Ceilings - reinforced concrete floor slabs. (length 3 and 6 m)

The roof is pitched, on wooden rafters, with any roofing.

Stairs - external - using monolithic concrete;

internal - wooden or reinforced concrete.

Floors - wooden plank, parquet or ceramic tiles.

Windows - wooden or plastic with triple glazing.

Doors - wooden, shield or paneled.

Exterior and interior decoration - at the discretion of the author.

annotation

In this course project, a project of a two-story residential building for 4 people was developed. The building must be provided with central heating, water supply and sewerage. Ventilation of the kitchen and bathrooms is carried out through ventilation ducts located in self-supporting internal walls and ducts. The designed residential building is intended for permanent residence.

Objectives of this work:

creation of an architectural composition on a given topic (individual house), as a system of interrelated aspects of design: organization of the plan and volume, taking into account the functional features of the building, right choice structures and building materials.

to consolidate the knowledge gained during the study of the theoretical part of the course.

The main task of educational design is: mastering the method architectural and construction design.

The explanatory note consists of 17 pages, 2 appendices, two sheets of A2 graphics.

Introduction

Architecture arose during the time of the primitive communal system. Then a person created a dwelling in the form of huts and dugouts. In the subsequent period of settled life, a person creates more durable and durable dwellings. Architectural monuments of the prehistoric era are also the so-called megalithic structures that arose at later stages of development: menhirs - huge stone obelisks dug into the ground, dolmens - buildings made of vertically placed stone blocks dug into the ground, covered with flat large stones; cromlechs are more complex structures made of stone blocks, which were a place for burial and were also used for religious rituals. The combination of vertical and horizontal elements in these structures testifies to the gradual assimilation by man of the laws of architectonics. Architecture spatially organizes the everyday and labor processes of people, therefore the main and primary quality of buildings is their compliance with the function, the activity for which they are intended.

Architecture is one of the most ancient and significant art forms in terms of its impact on a person. Forms of architecture affect emotions, architecture is involved in meeting human needs, both material and spiritual.

The authors of architectural works put a certain idea and semantic information into their creations. Each building has a specific purpose, so its appearance must correspond to it and set people in a certain way.

Currently, the problem of high-quality low-rise housing in the new socio-economic conditions comes to the fore.

All buildings are subject to a number of mandatory requirements (expediency):

functional expediency;

economic;

technical;

aesthetic;

ecological.

Creating a dwelling that meets these requirements is the main task of designing a dwelling. Stages of course design:

First of all, the drawings of the plans for the first and second floors were made, the stairs were calculated. It was also necessary to divide the building into separate functional zones, taking into account the optimal living conditions for the family, and arrange doors and windows. The second stage was the execution of a vertical section through the windows and the design of the roof. The third stage was the execution of the four facades of the building and the drawing up of floor plans for the first and second floors. The fourth stage was the feasibility study of the project and the preparation of the explication of the premises. The final stage of the design was the preparation of an explanatory note. The objectives of this work are:

creation of an architectural composition as a system of interrelated design aspects.

learn to independently develop an architectural and compositional, space-planning and constructive solution for low-rise buildings with the simplest types of engineering and technical equipment.

gain skills in graphic design of architectural and structural drawings, in accordance with the rules of construction drawing.

to consolidate the knowledge gained during the study of the theoretical part of the course.

1. Space-planning solution

A space-planning decision is a decision on the basis of which one or another composition and size of the premises is made.

In this work, a two-story individual building. The height of one floor is 2.70 m. The interconnection of the floors is carried out using a reinforced concrete staircase. The foundation of the building is strip, reinforced concrete with a laying depth of 3.20 m below the level of the finished floor, which creates a large space for the basement.

The premises of the house of certain sizes and shapes are located in one complex and are subject to functional, architectural, artistic, technical, environmental and economic requirements.

Let's describe the layout of this building:

Entering the house through the front door, you can get into a spacious entrance hall with an original dressing room, separated from the rest on both sides. living space sliding doors, with inserts of transparent glass and artificial leather. Here you can go, turning right, into the kitchen. Also for the convenience of guests and owners of the house in the hallway there is a sanitary unit with a toilet bowl and a washbasin. From the entrance hall, through a meter-long opening in the internal load-bearing wall, you can also get into the living room, which is the main room for family meetings, receiving guests, etc. In turn, through the living room you can get into the office, which has both working and living space.

The interconnection of the floors is carried out with the help of one staircase located in the hallway, which makes it possible to bypass the living rooms.

Stair calculation:

H floors =2.7 m

h steps =15 cm

Number of steps = 270/15=18 → 1 flight of stairs.

l tread =0.20 m

L stairs =20*18=360 m

The staircase is made of reinforced concrete and has black forged metal railings.

Climbing up to the second floor, you can find yourself in a long spacious hall that can be used as a living room, a small cinema hall, a sports corner with mirrors on the walls. From the hall there is access to the residential part, and to the functional premises: a toilet, a bathroom and a pantry, located side by side. In the residential part there is a small corridor and three bedrooms of different sizes. Thus, in this house zoning was carried out for residential and functional. The boundary of the zones is the internal load-bearing wall.

The advantages of planning are the following points:

All bedrooms, except for the office, are located on the second floor of the house.

A reinforced concrete staircase and a kitchen are located next to the entrance.

Windows provide good illumination, since their area corresponds to the standard.

Possibility of redevelopment. Some area of the second floor hall depending on life cycle families can be converted into a nursery, etc.

The downside is the lack of a balcony.

The residential building includes the following premises:

Residential: 3 bedrooms, office.

Ancillary: kitchen, pantry, 2 bathrooms on each floor.

Communication: hall, entrance hall.

Leisure: living room, office, hall on the 2nd floor.

Technical and economic indicators

Item No. Indicator name Value1S common , m 2166.922S residential , m 285.123V page , m 3901.3684S nok 276.2725P outside walls 44.566S stuck 121,857 meters per inhabitant, m 241.138K 10.519K 25,410K 31.6411K 40,37

1.total area(S common ) - the sum of all areas of the premises in the building.

common =19.08+14.04+3.4+19.67+2.25+5.06+24.38+15.12+11.96+3.6+5.94+1.7+28 .6+14.58+2.6m 2.

2.Living area (S lived ) - the difference between the total area and non-residential rooms (corridors, halls, stairs, hallway, kitchen, built-in wardrobes)

lived \u003d 166.92-2.6-28.6-19.67-1.7-5.94-3.6-14.04-3.4-2.25 \u003d 85.12m 2.

3.Planning coefficient

TO 1=S lived /S common =85,12/166,92=0,51099

architectural drawing composite finishing

4. Building volume

page =S common (h 1+h 2)=166,92(2,70+2,70)=901,38

5.Volume ratio

TO 2= V page /S common =5.4

6. Area of external enclosing structures

nok =(12.640*6.2+9.64*6.2)*2=276.272 m 2.

7. Coefficient of plan compactness

TO 3=S nok /S common =276,272/166,92=1,655

TO 4=P/S stuck =44,56/121.85=0,3657

Qty square meters per resident = S common / Number of residents = 166.92 / 4 = 41.23 m 2

Composition solution

The architectural and compositional solution of the building is the construction of a composition of the volumes of the entire building, facades, interiors when processing a volumetric and spatial solution through the architectonics of volumetric forms and architectural and artistic techniques. Undoubtedly, when developing a residential building, it is important to have its architectural and artistic expressiveness, a correctly chosen compositional solution so that it expresses both functionality and looks architecturally beautiful.

The architectural style of this building belongs to constructivism. The main distinguishing features of constructivism in architecture are clear lines, graphic composition, the absence of pronounced decorative elements, and the pronounced functionality of the building. It is characterized by rigor, geometry of forms, conciseness, simplicity.

In the interior, the focus is not on the compositional solution of the interior, but on the structures present in it. Constructivism in the interior of the presented house combines aesthetics and comfort. Furniture and sanitary ware take on a variety of forms, combining classic and avant-garde, sharp corners and rounded surfaces. Transformer furniture, functional shelving, folding structures, the use of metal and glass are all expressions of constructivism in the interior.

Let's move on to the exterior. Let's describe it by means of architectural composition. The house is symmetrical and static, which is manifested in the arrangement of windows on the front facade, in the slope of the roof. Symmetry gives peace, tranquility, which is optimal for the permanent residence of the family. Facades with more windows visually reduce the scale of the building. This building has four symmetrically located windows, and therefore, in order to visually add height and scale to the building, the house is finished in one white color without highlighting the basement.

In designing the form of a building, an approach has been chosen in which the design is fundamental, and the form is a consequence. In general, the building is proportional, the ratio of the height of the roof to the height of the building, excluding the roof, is close to the ratio of the length of the roof along the ridge to the length of the building.

The symmetrical arrangement of windows into the building, the gable roofing is an example of a metric series.

In the exterior of the presented building, contrast is clearly used, which is expressed through the color scheme. The building itself, the porch and steps are painted achromatic white, which adds to its lightness and ease of perception. And the roofing is made of brick-red metal tiles, which immediately attracts attention. These two colors, as if competing, strive to penetrate the allotted space, but invariably rest against the boundary skillfully drawn by the architect. The window frames and door frames are also white, so that they do not stand out against the background of the house, but create a single harmony.

3. Design solution

The tectonic scheme of the designed building is a wall one with longitudinal load-bearing walls. The wall structure is well suited for the design of low-rise housing.

The structural structure of the building consists of the following interconnected structural elements.

The foundation is tape, from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements P1 3000x3000, P2 3000x6000mm.

The outer walls are made of ordinary building ceramic bricks with standard dimensions - 250 x 120 x 65 mm on a cement-sand mortar, 64 cm thick.

Plasterboard partitions, large-panel 100mm thick.

The floor slabs are made of precast concrete slabs with prestressing reinforcement 200mm thick and anchored into the walls. Standard floor slabs and custom-made slabs are used.

The slabs rest on load-bearing walls, and the slabs covering the second floor near the stairs also rest on reinforced concrete columns.

During the construction of the building, floor slabs of three grades were used: PP-1 with dimensions of 1500x6000, custom-made PP-2 with dimensions of 1500x4500, and PP-3 with dimensions of 1500x3500

In total, floor slabs are provided for the construction of this building: PP-1-11, PP-2 - 1, PP-3 - 1.

For climatic conditions Ulan-Ude windows with triple glazing are well suited. To reduce heat loss through the windows, multi-chamber double-glazed windows are installed.

In this work, the windows are double-glazed windows with triple glazing with dimensions of 1200x1200mm. In total, 10 double-glazed windows were used in this project. The staircase inside the house consists of reinforced concrete steps with a forged metal railing. The roof of this building is gable, covered with metal tiles. The required slope (i=25°) was maintained, taking into account the load in the winter period. The entrance door is a light shield door with a height of 2m and a width of 1m.

The basement part of the building is solved as follows. For preliminary preparation of the surface of the basement for painting, an acrylic facade primer is used.<#"justify">4. Features of exterior and interior decoration

The exterior finish of the building includes acrylic facade plaster, acrylic facade primer<#"justify">List of sources used

1. Abazov V. A., Antonyuk A. I. The house that I built (everything from design to construction). - Kiev: Spalah LTD, 1996. - 321 p.

2. Balakina A.E. and others. Architecture. Ed .: DIA, 2004. Hardcover, 472 pages.

Bareev VI et al. Architecture, construction, design. Rostov n/a: Phoenix, 2005.

Kazbek-Kazbieva Z.A. "Architectural structures". M .: Higher school, 1989 - 209 pages.

Kossakovsky V. A., Chistova V. A. Architectural composition of a residential building. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1985. - 437 p.

Masyutin V. M. Modern manor house: A manual for an individual developer. -M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1990. - 253 p.

Predtechensky V.M. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. Basics of design. M .: Publishing house of literature on construction, 1996. - 226s.

KAZAKHSTAN REPUBLICASYNYH BILIM ZHANE GYLYM MINISTRY
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

M. Kozybaev atyndagy Soltustik Kazakhstan memlekettik university

NORTH KAZAKHSTAN STATE UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER M.KOZYBAYEV

Saz pedagogical faculties
Musical and pedagogical

"Design" departments
Department of "Design"

Kurstyk zhymyskaTYSINDIRME JAZULAR
EXPLANATORY NOTE
to the course project

In the discipline "Elements and processes of architectural design"
on the topic "Individual residential building"

050421, full-time, DZ-09

Student Syrtseva A. S. ____________

Supervisor Rokovets N. S ___________________ Petropavl, 2012

Introduction _________________________________________________________3
1Pre-project analysis ______________________________________________5
1. Analysis of the project situation _________________________________5
2. Architecture of low-rise residential buildings _______________________5
3. Modern materials and technologies used
during the construction of buildings ___________________________________7
4. Statement of the project task ________________________________17
1. Search for an artistic image _________________________________18
2. Description of the final version______________________________21
1. Layout plan ___________________________________________21
2. Space-planning solution______________________________21
3. List of finishing and building materials ________________23

Conclusion _________________________________________________________ 29
Applications ___________________________________________________________30

Introduction

Modern comfortable and well-appointed cottages are increasingly the subject of dreams for many people who are tired of noisy neighbors and the summer stuffiness of city apartments and who want to spend more time outdoors, in unity with nature. In conditions when most standard apartments did not differ in large areas, the construction of a cottage has become an excellent alternative that helps to realize the most daring desires.
The cottage is a kind of work of the owner himself - everything corresponds to his tastes and is in harmony with the ideas about the nature of the occupations of the inhabitants. In terms of living conditions, the cottage is in no way inferior (and even benefits) from a comfortable apartment. Spacious, bright rooms with original curtains on large windows and with the appropriate interior will bring joy to the "house", fill it with warmth and tranquility. It will tell a lot about the owners of the cottage and its appearance.
Tasks:
-development of ideas about the structure and compositional and planning types of the internal space of a residential building;
- development of skills for working with the internal space, developed taking into account anthropometric requirements, clearly functional zoning and constructive and technical solutions;
- development of skills in design modeling of an architectural form in its conditionality by the natural and spatial context, functional and planning, artistic and figurative and engineering and technical requirements;
- development and consolidation of the ability to model the shape and structure of an architectural object and their interdependence;
- study of structural and technical foundations of design;
- development of skills in graphic design of the design solution as a whole, with the display and development of individual structural components of the building.

1Pre-project analysis
1. Analysis of the design situation

The main goal of the course project is the development of the exterior country house, organic and comfortable organization of spaces and zoning of premises, as well as the development of the adjacent territory.
The most important criterion will be the evaluation...

It is the project that allows you to get a general idea of the future facility, calculate the necessary costs, carry out a number of coordination activities with the relevant authorities, and also obtain the necessary documentation, according to which it will be possible to control the work performed. One of the fundamental documents at the stages of the draft and working design is an explanatory note to the project of the house. What is the meaning of such a document?
Every project needs a plan, but it is also necessary to correctly complete all required paperwork. First, you need to understand what you need to put in front of you, you need to put a clear plan that describes an example and a list of documentation.

It is the installation of the main principles and requirements in relation to the future construction. The explanatory note to the project of the cottage includes data on the location of the object, the specifics of the relief, the results of all necessary technical measurements. Also, this document reflects such natural factors as the depth of freezing, snow load, the depth of groundwater, as well as a number of other parameters. In accordance with these data, an architectural and planning solution is drawn up, as well as a constructive solution.

In the second paragraph of the explanatory note to the project of the house, you will have to indicate what exactly will be located on the draft design, for example:

Six four-story, six-apartment cottages with attached pools.
Three residential eleven-story buildings with an underground three-story parking and all kinds of accommodation on the ground floor and other office and retail premises.

Explanatory note to the cottage project as part of the working draft

This documentation is developed on the basis of a preliminary design for the direct implementation of the complex construction works. In fact, we can say that the explanatory note to the cottage project is a text form of the project with the inclusion of the main technical indicators.

This document forms the basis of the working draft, and in turn, the working draft represents all the necessary data for construction. This includes a description and explanation of the type of construction, the priority of work is determined, a description of architectural and compositional solutions is contained, as well as issues of transport services and the performance of work of a calculation, analytical and design orientation within the framework of engineering and consulting services.

It is within the framework of the working draft that issues are resolved regarding the organization of the relief, preparatory measures, as well as the organization of work itself and the cost of their implementation.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL STATE BUDGET

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
"DON STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY"

"ACADEMY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE"

(name of faculty)

Department of Construction of unique buildings and structures ____________________

(name of the department)

EXPLANATORY NOTE

2. Architectural and planning solution for building 5

2.1 Justification of the architectural and planning solution 5

2.2 Description of the architectural and planning solution 5

3.1 Thermal calculation of the outer wall 8

3.2 Sound insulation of rooms 10

4. architectural solution facade and exterior finish 11

5. Interior decoration 12

6. Fire fighting measures and evacuation of people 13

7. Engineering equipment 14

8. Environmental measures 16

9. Radiation protection 16

10. Key decisions to ensure the living conditions of the disabled and people with limited mobility 17

11. Main building indicators 17

List of sources used 18

1. Architectural and construction solutions

1.1. Initial data

Course project on the topic: "Nine-story monolithic residential building" was developed on the basis of:……………..

Assignments issued by the department of SUZIS ASA DSTU;.

SP 131.13330.2012

3.Calculated outdoor temperature

In January

SP 131.13330.2012

4.Internal design temperature

SP 131.13330.2012

5. Duration of the heating period, days

SP 131.13330.2012

6. Average monthly relative humidity

In January

SP 131.13330.2012

7. Wind area

SP 20.13330.2012

8.Prevailing wind direction:

For December-February

June-August

Oriental

Northeastern

SP 131.13330.2012

9. Standard value wind pressure, kPa

SP 20.13330.2012

10.Snow area

SP 20.13330.2012

End of table 1.1

11. Estimated value of snow cover weight per 1 m2 of horizontal surface, kPa		SP 20.13330.2012
12. Annual rainfall, mm		SP 131.13330.2012
13. Seismicity of the construction site - the degree of seismic hazard		SP 131.13330.2012
14. The degree of fire resistance of the building		SP 131.13330.2012
15. Functional fire hazard class		SP 131.13330.2012.
16. Normative depth of soil freezing, m		SP 131.13330.2012
	SP 131.13330.2012.

The relief of the construction site is with a smooth elevation change in the north-west direction. Groundwater at a depth of up to 20 m from the daytime surface of the soil was not found ..............................

1.2 Decision of the master plan

… The land allotted for the construction of a 9-storey residential building in Rostov-on-Don on Tekucheva Street. The placement of the building is connected with the existing buildings and structures located nearby. The site borders on the south, west and north with existing roads.

The plot area is 0.064 ha. The site is limited by adjacent roads. Engineering networks have been laid on the site near the facility under construction. The relief of the site with a smooth transition of heights ..…………….

The orientation of the building ensures optimal insolation of the apartments and the plot, but the building is exposed to cold winter east winds, to reduce their effect, measures have been taken to insulate the building.

The entrance to the site is organized from the street. Tekuchev. The width of the driveways is 6 m. Taking into account the accessibility of the site for people with limited mobility, the height differences in pedestrian areas and at the junction of sidewalks with the roadway do not exceed 4 cm. There is a ramp from the side of the main entrance, which simplifies the access of people with limited mobility to the premises.

Covering the carriageway of roads from asphalt concrete, sidewalks and footpaths from concrete tiles on a sandy base and concrete.

The vertical layout of the site was decided taking into account the current situation. Atmospheric moisture removal is provided for lawns and roadways.

In addition to the building being designed, it is planned to arrange recreation areas for children and adults in the allotted territory.

The landscaping and landscaping project provides for lawns, planting of red-flowering shrubs, deciduous trees (white poplar, warty birch, sharp-leaved maple) and conifers (pine, spruce).

For the relative mark of the finished floor of the first floor 0.000, the absolute mark of 78.67 m was taken. The Baltic height system. The building is horizontally referenced to the coordinate grid.

Buildings and structures on the site:

9-storey monolithic residential building;

On the basis of NRB 76/87 and OSP 72/87, before starting, during and after the construction of a building, it is necessary to carry out constant radiation monitoring of the construction site and structures, to enter radiation monitoring data in the work log for inclusion in acts for covert work.

10. Key decisions to ensure the living conditions of the disabled and people with limited mobility

This section was developed taking into account SP 59.13330.2012 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility".

A ramp is provided for the access of disabled people and people with limited mobility to the first floor. An elevator is provided for access to the upper floors.

The entrance to the building is protected from precipitation. There are no thresholds on the way of movement of visitors. The surface on the paths of movement does not allow slipping when wet.

11. Basic building indicators

Table 1.6

List of sources used

SP 22.1330.2011 "Foundations of buildings and structures" SP 42.1130.2011 "Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and ". SP 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings". SP 54.13330.2011 Residential multi-apartment buildings. SP 59.1330.2012 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility". SP 131.13330.2012 "Construction climatology". GOST R 21.1101-2009 "Basic requirements for design and working documentation". GOST 21.501-2011 "Rules for the implementation of working documentation for architectural and structural solutions." GOST 21.201-2011 "Conditional graphic images of building elements, structures and structures" Shereshevsky building. Construction of civil buildings. M: Architecture-S, 2005 Maklakov civil buildings. M: DIA Publishing House, 2000. Neyelov building. M: Stroyizdat, 1974 Chernysh civil and industrial buildings. M: DIA Publishing House, 2001.

Content:

4.5 Ladder………………………………………………………………….7

Content:
1. General data for design…………….. ………….2
2. Decision plan 5lagoustropstda (landscaping)………….2
3. Space planning solution of the building………………….2
4. Structural solution of the building……………………………….3
4.1 Foundation and foundations………………………………………..3
4.2 External walls…………………………………………………………3
4.3 Internal walls and partitions……………………………….6
4.4 Overlaps………………………………………………………………..6
4.5 Ladder………………………………………………………………….7
4.6 Coating and roofing…………………………………………………..7
4.7 Doors and windows……………………………………………………………..7
4.8 Floors…………………………………………………………………………8
5 Definition coefficients K, and K2…………………………..8
6 Exterior and Interior decoration………………………………..8
7 List of used literature…………………………… 10

1. General data for design
It is required to design a 5-storey 20-apartment residential building. Construction area - Tula. The terrain is calm. The soils are clay. The level of ground bauds is at the level of -4.5 m from the ground level. Operating conditions A, the humidity regime of the room is normal.

2. Decision of the improvement plan (landscaping).
Inside the projected residential development, it is planned to place a 5-storey panel residential building and a children's clinic, as well as the necessary sites, the specific dimensions of which are taken in accordance with the planned number of residents.
So, with the number of apartments in the projected residential building equal to 20, taking into account the family factor of 4, we get the planned number of residents - 80 people. In this regard, the minimum specific dimensions of the sites are:
- for games of children of preschool and primary school age 0.7-144 = 100.8 m2
- for recreation of the adult population 0.1-144 = 14.4 m2
- for physical education 2-144 = 288 m2
- for car parking with the number of cars 10 or less.
Taking into account the data obtained and the disposable territory, we finally accept the specific dimensions of the sites, respectively - 449 m2, 303 m2, 981 m2, 356 m2, 248 m2, 506.3 m2.
Layout plan highways of local importance and the necessary passages provides the possibility of access by private vehicles and fire trucks to the designed facilities. The width of the carriageway is taken to be 6 m, taking into account two traffic lanes, driveways, and 4 m, taking into account one lane. Sidewalks 1.5 m wide are provided along the roads and driveways, which are separated from the road by a dividing strip. Pedestrian streets with a width of 1.5 m are also provided inside the projected residential development, taking into account two lanes for traffic.
For landscaping of the projected residential development, local types of trees and shrubs, flower beds were used. The main element of gardening is a lawn, a fountain.

3. Space-planning decision of the building.
The projected building is a 5-storey building with 20 apartments
1-section residential building, which consists of four apartments: one and four-room.
The built-up area (the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts) is 345.8 m2. The height of each floor of the building is assumed to be 2.8 m, the height of the cold attic in the places of passage is 1.2 m.
The staircase and elevator assembly of the building consists of a staircase for permanent use and one passenger elevator (capacity 400kg, lifting speed 1m/s). The width of the platform in front of the elevator is 1.34 m (not less than 1.2 m). The elevator shaft is designed as an isolated, separate structure, not connected with other building structures, consisting of lower, storey and upper elements covered with a floor slab. The foundation for the elevator shaft is a massive monolithic concrete slab. The building has a garbage chute, consisting of a shaft with inlet valves placed across the floor - on interfloor platforms, towering above them and going to the roof of the ventilation shaft with a deflector and a garbage disposal chamber. The chamber has an independent exit with an outward-opening door, isolated from the residential building by a blank wall.
The living area of a section is the sum of the living areas of the apartments The total area of the section includes the areas of all apartments with a coefficient of 0.3
Evacuation is carried out by stairs connected floor by floor with elevator halls and having access to the street

4. Structural solution of the building.
The panel building is made according to the frameless constructive system, structural diagram and with longitudinal load-bearing walls.

5. 1. Foundation and foundations.
The foundation of the designed building is clay. Freezing depth -4.5 m.
The foundations are designed as tape monolithic. A monolithic foundation was designed for the elevator shaft.
Vertical waterproofing is applied to the foundation along the perimeter - coating with hot bitumen for 2 times.

4.2 External walls.
The outer walls are made in the form of three-layer panels of single-row cutting with a size of 2 rooms. The panels contain an outer, inner and insulating layer enclosed between them. The outer and inner layers are formed by walls of heavy concrete, used as an insulating layer. Mineral wool mats pierced (GOST 21880-76). The connections between the concrete layers are made flexible, formed by separate reinforcing bars (the perception of the forces acting in the wall is assigned to the inner layer, and
enclosing functions and on the outside). Drained panel joints with hinged monolithic connections on steel brackets.
Thermal engineering calculation of wall fencing - adopted constructively in accordance with SNiP "Construction climatology and geophysics" for the city of Tula.

4.3 Internal walls and partitions.
Internal load-bearing walls have a single-row cut along the height of the floor, the length of the panels of the transverse walls is 1 room, the longitudinal ones are 1-2 rooms. The thickness of the panels is 120mm for interior spaces and 160mm. for inter-apartment spaces. Horizontal joints of internal walls are carried out by platform (walls lean against each other through overlappings). In the 20 mm gap between the floor slabs, there are pin retainers (at least two per panel). Contact joints (walls rest directly on each other) with consoles at the level of supporting plates are used in ventilation panels. Binding of internal walls is central.
Intra-apartment partitions made of gypsum concrete panels 70mm thick.

4.4. Overlappings.
Floor slabs are reinforced concrete solid 140mm thick, with a nominal span of 1.5,1,8,1.2 m and a nominal length of 5.7 m and 3.3 m. platform joint.
Plates are supported on two sides. Slabs with a thickness of 0 mm provide sufficient sound insulation of interfloor ceilings with their mass. The rigidity of the floor disc is ensured by welding the reinforcing bars located on the side faces, embedding the joints with cement mortar grade 100. The design position of the slabs is controlled by clamps in the bearing walls.

4.5. Stairs.
Staircase made from precast concrete platforms and marches
U-shaped section, full-bodied, with frieze steps. The floor platforms are supported by transverse reinforced concrete wall panels, the interfloor platforms are driven by supporting ledges in niches in the wall panels. The basement march is shortened and rests with a cut end on the floor slab at the level of the entrance vestibule. The slope of the stairs 1-2 (with the dimensions of the tread and the riser, respectively, 300x156 mm) The width of the march is 1.4 m. The handrail is made of plastic (polyvinyl chloride). Marches and platforms are connected by welding.
Climbing from the upper platform to the attic, and from there directly to the roof along steel ladders 0.6 m wide and 60 ° slope.

4.6. Covering and roofing.
The covering is accepted attic with a cold attic. The height of the attic in the places of passage is 1.2 m. In the cold attic, vapor barrier (2 layers of TechnoNIKOL), insulation (fibrolite) Ventilation blocks and panels extend beyond the roof of the attic.
The roof is low-slope with an internal drain and a ruberoid roof. Roof decking Made of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs of U-cut section 300mm high, and reinforced concrete tray. Slabs with a nominal length of 5.7m, a nominal width of 27 and 3.3m were used. The /1 drain has a nominal width of 2 m. The slabs have a shelf drop for a valley device, which facilitates the flow of water to the funnels and runs along the longitudinal axis of the building. There is 1 funnel, located with reference to the transverse axis 200mm. Openings for passing Ventilation blocks are located outside the bearing ribs
Access to the roof is through the machine room of the elevator, located at the level of the attic and rising 1.8m above the roof.

4.7. Take and windows.
Doors are made of wooden glazed and deaf type. Door dimensions
living rooms 2.1 × 0.8,
utility rooms 2.1×0.8,
Entrance (for apartment) 2.1 x0.9
entrance (b entrance) 2.1 × 1.2,
The design of the doors consists of a rectangular closed wooden box and a door leaf hung on the box on hinges. The blind part of the door leaf is made of panels with continuous filling with wooden blocks calibrated in thickness, lined on both sides. External Entrance doors are lined with waterproof plywood on both sides, the lower parts are protected from contamination by decorative plastic strips mounted on screws.
The doors are glazed with patterned glass 5 mm thick.
The dimensions of the windows of the designed building are assigned in accordance with regulatory requirements natural illumination from the ratio of the area of the light opening to the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Window units are of type C with twin sashes. The design of filling the window opening is made of wood and silicate glass 5 mm thick, opening inward, for ventilation of the premises, window blocks have vents.

4.8. Floors.
Floors in residential premises, hallways, internal corridors and kitchens are covered with linoleum on a heat and sound insulating underlay. Before laying the linoleum sheets, they are cut and welded into a carpet that exactly matches the room; to preserve the elastic properties of the warm base, the carpet is rolled dry directly on the reinforced concrete floor slab and covered with skirting boards.
The floors in the bathrooms are made of ceramic tiles laid on a layer of cement mortar along the screed; a waterproofing layer of two layers of TechnoNIKOL is laid under the mortar layer.
The plinth panels are faced with a stone texture.
The walls of the living quarters are covered with wallpaper. The kitchen walls are painted with oil paints. Along the front of the kitchen equipment and in the bathrooms, the walls are faced with glazed tiles. The ceilings in the living rooms are whitewashed, in the rest of the rooms they are painted with water-based paints.
The walls of the staircase and elevator unit are painted with water-based paints. The trunk of the garbage chute is painted with polyvinyl chloride paint.

7. List of used literature.
1. GOST 21\'101-97. SPDS Basic requirements for design and working documentation.
2. GOST 21.501-93. SPDS. Rules for the implementation of architectural and construction working drawings.
3. SNiP 2.08.01-89\' Residential Buildings.
4. SNiL 23-01-99 (or 2.01.01-82) Building climatology.
5. SNiP 11-3-79\". Building heat engineering, (taking into account changes and additions No. 3).
6. SNiP 21-01-97 Fire safety of buildings and structures.
7. SNiP 2.0?\'01.-89\'. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements
8. SNiP 11-12-77. Noise protection.
9. I. A. Shereshevskip. Construction of civil buildings. -L Stroyizdat. 1981
10. T.G. Maklakov, S.M. Nanasova. Structures of civil buildings. - N. - publishing house ASN. 2002.
11. Architectural structures of civil buildings. S.B Dekhtyar and others - K .: Bud / velnik 1987.
12. Architecture of civil and industrial buildings. Volume III. Residential buildings Ed. K.K. Shevtsov. - M. ~ Stroyizdat. 1983
13. N.E. Barton, I.E. Chernov. Architectural designs - M .: Vyssh. school 1986
14. N.A. Cherkasov. Architecture. - K. Bud / velnik, 1968.
15. A.E. Zhidkov. Basic standard designs for residential and public buildings. Nomenclature In accordance with GOST. I. Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures, - Tula-\' TulGU, 2002.
16. A.E. Zhidkov. Basic standard designs for residential and public buildings. Nomenclature in accordance with GOST. II. Wooden structures and elements for filling openings. - Tula: TulGU, 2002.
17. A.E. Zhidkov. Basic requirements of state standards for the design of architectural and construction drawings. Materials for course and diploma design SNiP 11-3-79\”.
18. A. E. Zhidkov. Materials for the implementation of working drawings of improvement plans (landscaping). - Tula-TulGU, 2002,

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