Some are at a loss, how did people in the USSR live without bank consumer loans?
Easy.
You just need to understand that the communists tried to do everything possible so that the Soviet ruble was just a means of payment, and not a value. And the population, in general, had enough of these settlement funds. Since the political economy of socialism was ill with the theory of labor value, the money supply was maintained at the level of the commodity. And since not all of the mass of commodities was in demand ... (needs cannot be predicted, you cannot force them to buy), there was simultaneously an excess of unclaimed goods and unclaimed money. There were no stores then, bursting with various goods and inviting buyers.
In addition, the state, on the one hand, helped to receive some rather expensive valuables for free (these are the distribution of housing through long lines, and free medicine, well, almost free, and education and kindergartens) ... But since it was necessary to support the motto "who If he doesn’t work, he doesn’t eat”, then food was still given for money. But normal food was not always enough. Therefore, there was such a mystery - a long one. blue, smells of kobas. What's this? The train Moscow-Yaroslavl (Moscow-Smolensk and other directions), in which people traveled to the capital for ... food. Not because they are cheaper there, but because they were there.
Telling the truth about real life in the USSR was accepted only by comedians. For example like here
But for those who did not live in the USSR, much is probably incomprehensible here.
"Peredovik" was given the right to sell their hard-earned goods in a departmental warehouse. Having money on hand, like all normal people who did not drink their pay, he hardly remembered what money can buy in general. And when I bought it for a truck, I began to think that the money might not be enough ... But, of course, this is an exaggeration.
Although, if you remember the post-Chernobyl times on the verge of the collapse of the USSR ... when you go to the Okean store, which should sell seafood ... and on all the shelves there lies ... you won’t believe ... sea kale ... all around sea kale . In general, commodity-money relations in the absence of oil replenishment came to what Robert Owen's labor bank came to - surpluses of illiquid assets and a lot of extra "money". Later, they tried to tie up this extra money first with a Pavlovian money exchange (this is when the Minister of Finance of the USSR Pavlov, before the money exchange, publicly promised on TV that this would not happen and gave his hands to cut off), and then by limiting cash withdrawals from Sberbank accounts. It was you who were given a checkbook in the teeth and run around the shops of the Soviet trade, look for what to buy for you on coupons, queues and records. But that was later...
So this is the introduction. Now about business. How did parents live without consumer loans? What was there to buy? In every family, there is a refrigerator and a TV made of long-playing things, well, even furniture. All these things served for years and decades, and when the time came to buy something, the money was already there. And if not, you could borrow from relatives who also had money, but there was nothing to buy either. That's all there is to it. And a loan at interest between citizens is an illegal transaction, contrary to the civil code.
I will add. Since 1959, it has been possible to buy goods in installments. This method was used, but not as actively as now. Still pay 3% interest. Why, if you can borrow without interest. In the eighties, less than 2% of the manufactured goods group was sold in installments. And there was a limitation. No more than one installment at a time.
But still there were moneylenders, albeit a rarity. They got out of the situation like this - they wrote the wrong amount in the contract. which you took. and the one that is already subject to return together with interest. Those. You signed that you took more than you actually took. But the business was risky and covered with crime.
Car loan? Running models "Volga" and "Zhiguli" were in turn, on which they stood for years. In general, there was a joke - how is a car bought in the USSR? Grandmothers saved money, fathers and mothers stood in line, the son went. During this time, they managed to save up about 6,000 rubles, the cost of a Zhiguli in the official store. And those who worked abroad for checks could buy for less than 1000 foreign currency rubles. No queue. And there were slow models. Here is Zhvanetsky's joke - Acceleration. The old woman claims that Moskvich" poor quality box gear(C) M. Zhvanetsky. What is it for? Just Muscovites, and the Cossacks at one time sold in installments. That's an auto loan.
Mortgage? no, haven't heard. In turn, they gave free housing in cities. it was necessary to be in need, to stand in line for a long time ... Therefore, to speed up, they got jobs at those enterprises where the departmental queue passed faster. But there were also housing and construction cooperatives. If you want faster - pay a share, join. But the share was not for the entire cost, the state gave a loan to the cooperative, it was being built and the shareholders quietly collected money to repay the loan. Here is a mortgage. But this is no more than 10% of housing construction. For their own - this is the private sector. And there the most difficult thing was to find where to officially buy building materials. It was possible to rub them, but to buy them... And then store receipts on brick boards... so that the OBKhSS could check them. What is OBHS? Department of combating the theft of socialist property in the police.
This is how they lived. The people did not feel money as a value, the value was the product, access to it, "blat". What's the loan? No money? Yes, you have ten, a hundred, a thousand people who want to buy it and with money.
ZY ... zotya, I want to correct myself a little. There were commodity groups, the sale of which was often carried out on credit. So here
http://www.chitalnya.ru/work/463474/
it is stated that in 1981 one third of refrigerators were sold in installments.
"In 1981 alone, the population bought almost a third of refrigerators, about 14% of furniture sold, a tenth of movie cameras, motorcycles, televisions and radio equipment on installments."
It is quite possible that I did not notice this because such goods were then very durable and were rarely bought.
In other groups of goods, the share of installments sold by installments is small.
"The share in the turnover of other durable goods (radio goods, photographic and film equipment, bicycles and mopeds, sewing and washing machines) is small and does not exceed 1-1.5%."
At the same time, in the 1970s and 1980s, the turnover grew quite quickly, but the sale by installments did not. Only lending to housing cooperatives and individual housing construction grew. But the stocks of goods in trade grew strongly. And the population did not want to take IT stale even in installments.
Unfortunately, now family happiness and well-being directly depends on the material condition of the family. If you get sick, the medicine costs money, your boots are torn, you need to buy them too. Even at the household level, quarrels often occur between spouses: there are no products to cook a delicious dinner, the bedspread on the bed is already worn out, and the chandelier on the ceiling is already tired. To solve these problems, money is needed. What if they are simply not enough? Grandmothers insist that folk signs can help in such trouble.
money rules
You need to wash the floor and sweep from the front door. If you do the opposite, you can drive all the well-being out of the house. Cleaning is not allowed after sunset.
There should be only one broom in the house. Buying it, you can not bargain.
You need to whistle in the street, not in the house. In whose house a whistle will be heard, there will also be lack of money.
Large amounts are recalculated at the end of each working week.
It is better to count all banknotes and small change twice a month on even numbers of the calendar. You need to count at a young month, and thank him during the counting procedure.
If you owe someone money, then you need to return them the sutra. Then borrowing money will not be a necessity. They will have their own.
Every Sunday you need to distribute all your coins from your wallet to those in need. This sign contributes to the appearance of large bills in the wallet.
You can't borrow money on Monday.
You can not stand on the threshold of a house or apartment. Then it will be difficult for money to get into this house.
Salt and bread should not be given to neighbors.
Wages received cannot be spent on the same day. Let the money spend the night at home at least.
If a family saves money, then it should do it with the thought not of a "rainy day", but for something good. For example, for a vacation, to buy a refrigerator, TV, car, etc.
Picking up money on the street is strictly prohibited. Many people in this way transmit illness, damage and misfortune through money.
When a debt is returned, in the process of transferring money, with your left hand you need to make a “fig” unnoticed by people and keep it in your pocket.
Beggars need to give only coins, bills can not be given.
Wallet Rules
In secret from everyone, always carry large denomination banknotes in your wallet. It is also desirable if there are banknotes of different currencies on the stash. Just don't waste them. They will perform the function of attracting other money.
The color of the wallet should be red, brown, gold.
The wallet itself should be new, without flaws, a stylish model, the hostess should like it. Its material must be natural.
It is better to spend money and buy an expensive wallet. In cheap there is no aura for money. Money loves beauty and naturalness.
Horseradish root attracts material energy. It will be good if you hide such a plant in your wallet.
Photos and other things not related to money should not be in the wallet. They interrupt the cash flow, knock down material energy. If this is a photograph, then the energy of money can affect the energy of the depicted person, and he will only be interested in material wealth.
Money should look at the owner "face" in the wallet.
A dollar folded into a triangle and a lucky coin will always bring good luck and increase the amount available.
If the money is received dishonestly or easily earned, it is better to spend it right away.
If a salary is received for incredible efforts and work, a bill of the largest denomination should be kept in a wallet. She will attract money.
You always need to count how much money is in your wallet. They love counting.
The wallet should never be empty.
The aspen leaf in the wallet serves as a magnet for banknotes.
Table rules
People say that the table is a kind of mediator between the two worlds. Therefore, it is worth being careful with what lies on the table, how the table stands and how it is sent. Based on this belief, the rule came into life that you can not put money and keys on the table.
It is necessary to ensure that there is nothing empty on the table: an empty bottle, plate, glass. Everything must be completed. Otherwise removed from the table.
Do not remove crumbs from the table with your bare hand. You need to use a rag. All rubbish from the table should immediately be swept into a scoop.
When the guests disperse and the feast is over, you need to shake out the tablecloth on the street or just from the balcony. Such a ritual lures wealth and prosperity.
The table must be covered with something. It is better that it be a beautiful, clean and ironed tablecloth without holes. Under the tablecloth you need to hide a few bills.
Fill the container with liquid up to the brim. You can't pour half a glass.
The table is designed for eating and drinking tea. It is absolutely impossible to sit on it. Such a habit attracts lack of money.
General signs of wealth
In order to have prosperity in the house, you need to maintain cleanliness. Garbage should not be anywhere. It is better to lay out coins in the corners.
Money cannot be counted after sunset.
Coins must not be left on the table. Such an act will lead to grief and tears.
If you give or take an animal, be sure to exchange it for a trifle or banknotes. This is done so that the pet does not get sick.
After looking at your favorite thing and spending all the money on it, you will notice that after buying there will be no money in your wallet. And if after the purchase some bills remain, putting on this thing, money will be found.
Looking at the new month, you need to hold on to a gold item. Such a ritual will attract wealth to the house.
Those who consume blueberries do not complain about the lack of material resources.
If you give money in loans on Tuesday, then you yourself will constantly borrow and need money.
If there is a rug near the front door, you need to put a coin under it. If not, then hide under the linoleum. This ritual lures money into the house.
How to attract money
To be sure to wait for a salary increase, ask for it on Wednesday in the morning.
Borrowing is not recommended at all. In this way, the energy of money is programmed so that a person will always ask for loans. Better to lend.
Those outerwear that weighs in the hallway and in closets should be neat. It should not have holes, missing buttons and broken snakes. Put at least one small bill in each pocket.
You can make a special amulet that will attract monetary energy. You need to keep it in your wallet. Take three identical coins, make small holes in them at the same level, and thread them with a red ribbon. You can't take it out of your wallet. And looking into it, you always need to smile and stroke the amulet.
Both foreign and our grandmothers are advised to follow the advice related to money. Money cannot be littered, it must be loved, respected, counted, spent only on the necessary things. All actions related to attracting money have been tested for years, and even now they are in demand. It is impossible to say exactly how this or that ritual works, but you can try it for yourself. Moreover, it is not difficult. What if it helps?
As children, we thought of our parents as all-powerful wizards: they took out crispy pieces of paper from their pockets and exchanged them for ice cream, toys, and all the good things in the world. As adults, we are again convinced that our parents really have magic. We, the young, no matter what salary we give, we never have enough. And the "old people" always have a saving stash! And it's not the oligarchs. How do they do it? Let's try to learn valuable experience.
Russians over 50 are children of the USSR. They not only had a Soviet childhood, like forty-year-olds, they managed to become adults before the collapse of the Union. These people have gone through such a school of survival that just hold on. Especially if you remember the impoverished timelessness of the nineties.
For our parents, the nineties in Russia are not a fun era of Tamagotchi and candy wrappers from chewing gum "Love is ...". They had to learn how to extract food, clothing, vitality and optimism from literally nothing. Sewing, knitting, turning over, mending worn boots, working at night, cooking four full-fledged meals from one chicken, baking a rich pie without eggs - our mothers and fathers can do everything. Life has taught them for a long time to store everything that is possible, and just in case, not to throw anything away.
Our parents managed to survive when salaries were delayed for six months or given out with the products of enterprises. Therefore, it is not a problem for them to save a little now, when live, real money regularly appears in their hands. They know how to save up for a rainy day, because they have seen these black days with their own eyes.
Money loves an account
Many neglect such an important matter as budgeting. Having received decent money on their hands on payday, many succumb to euphoria and hit shopping: we walk, life is good! On this wave, they buy all kinds of king prawns, expensive cognac, designer handbags that do not fit the wardrobe, and a lot of unnecessary nonsense, which was a promotion in the shopping center.
Knowing your monthly income, you should write down the mandatory expenses in advance: utility bills, housing rent (if the apartment is rented), transportation costs, food, household expenses, payment for a kindergarten or circles for a child. From the remaining money, you can create your own emergency reserve - this is for unforeseen expenses, such as buying new seasonal shoes or treating a sudden illness. Visualization is very useful: cash out money, lay it out in front of you and form piles for various expenses.
Natural product
Since the inhabitants of the village and suburbs were allowed to freely breed gardens and cattle, only a completely lazy and inactive person can die of hunger. A small digression into history: in the USSR, for a long time, the personal subsistence economy of citizens was strictly controlled by the state and limited. In the private gardens of the villagers, each tree counted, and from the allotment of land and each unit of cattle, the citizen was obliged to hand over part of the natural product to the bins of the Motherland.
Nowadays, own land is a real breadwinner. Many members of the older generation enjoy farming. What does it mean? That, thanks to their work, they are provided with onions, garlic, apples, honey, frozen and dried berries, pickles and jams for the winter, on which, by the way, more than one generation of Russians has been fed. Breeders of cows, pigs, goats and poultry, and even the food program of their family, are performing with a bang. The surplus is slowly sold, and the proceeds are accumulated, so that later there will be something to surprise the children for whom their salaries are not enough for anything.
Smart Purchases
I see the goal, I believe in myself
“In 2000, I divorced my husband and was left almost alone with a child. I had to urgently buy my own housing: I could not go with my son to my mother's one-room apartment. I decided: you can’t give up and stop, otherwise you will get bogged down in this state for many years or for life,” says 50-year-old Larisa. - I had money for a one-room apartment, but I set myself a goal - only a two-room apartment, but I have a son! The rest was borrowed. As a result, about one-fifth of my salary remained. And the times were hard, poor - the consequences of the 1998 crisis. I had to save desperately, for example, sometimes I didn’t even have money for a minibus, and I went to work on foot through half the city. I bought meat, vegetables and fruits in small quantities only for my son, and she herself ate the cheapest thing that is in Russia - bread. As a result, I gained a lot of weight on rolls, and it was a disaster: my wardrobe became small for me! I had to urgently lose weight, because I had nothing to buy new clothes. It was a difficult experience, but it helped me: now I know that it is quite possible to save and save, even if finances are limited.”
The conclusion is this: who knows how to save - in fact, he just knows how to set a goal for himself and achieve it.
Additional sources
Hand on heart, we admit that a lot of apartments and cars of Russians were bought with the participation of the savings of an even older generation. Yes, pensioners help and will help their children and grandchildren. Someone has veteran pensions and benefits, someone has a large old-age allowance earned in their youth in the northern regions, someone receives good money from the state as a former home front worker, someone has the status of a former occupier, and so on. Grandma's or grandpa's large pension often feeds the whole family.
Another point: older people often have time to acquire some assets. For example, a bank account after the sale of the parental home, apartments and garages for rent. In the same nineties, when enterprises turned into joint-stock companies, smart people bought shares, sometimes not even believing that these "papers" would ever make a profit. Nevertheless, many managed to subsequently profitably sell shares and make capital.
What conclusion can young people draw from this? Try to study the game on the stock exchange, and suddenly you have a talent.
Skillful fingers
Our mothers, fathers, grandparents survived in difficult times because they knew how to do a lot with their own hands. Reading lovers can be recommended as an example of the amazing book by Alexander Chudakov "Darkness Falls on the Old Steps" (the book received the "Russian Booker" award). It is very interesting to read about how one hardworking exiled family survived the war in the Kazakh outback. They themselves did absolutely everything for their life and life, and even surprised their neighbors by treating them to sweet tea in times of famine: they managed to evaporate sugar from sugar beets grown in the garden.
All kinds of knowledge, skills and abilities - this is the most that neither is hard capital. It was relevant in the era of the USSR, it is in price even now. Craftswomen sew, knit, cook mastic cakes, make decorations from polymer clay, felt wool. Handy men glue wallpaper, install plumbing, lay tiles, repair their cars, repair electrical outlets and so on. Those who do not know how to do all this are forced to pay.
Perhaps we should, if possible, take an example from our parents in this in order to save our money.
THIS RITUAL MUCH INCREASES ITS POWER IF IT STARTED IN THE FIRST MONTH OF THE YEAR!!!
You may be skeptical about this monetary ritual, but... This recipe has been tested for centuries. And he has a huge and reliable power! Try it and you will be very pleasantly surprised!
This recipe was brought to Russia by a Russian fashion model in the 60s.
The time has just come when our fashion designers began to be let out abroad - to demonstrate the achievements of the Soviet fashion industry.
Our guys, as soon as they got to Paris, made a splash there. Yes, what a sensation - a sensation! However, the French marveled at our way of life. Both fashion designers and fashion models saved every penny, or rather, a centime. After all, the per diems that were given to them were penny, and they wanted to buy a lot.
And then one of our fashion models came to visit the famous Parisian fashion salon hostess. She was Russian by origin, almost a former princess. Her parents brought her to France after October 1917. At first they lived hard, but then they got better. The princess showed talent, her clothes went like hot cakes. In a word, they lived well, but blood is not water - everyone missed their homeland. Well, when the princess saw our girls, she was completely moved. So she told the old secret of how to build a money path to your house. The princess herself heard this secret from the nurse, who was not rich, of course, but lived without denying herself anything. And back in the 19th century, the nanny was told a secret by her old grandmother, who moved to Moscow from Zaraysk and settled down very well in the Mother See. In a word, the secret was old and proven. And most importantly - quite affordable and even simple.
RECIPE! ORGANIZING THE MONEY WAY!
You can start our magical action only on the 1st day, but of any month.
Remember:
On the 1st we set aside 1 ruble,
2nd day - 2 rubles,
3rd - 3 rubles, etc.,
i.e. such a number of rubles as the number on the calendar appears. For example, on the 21st - 21 rubles, on the 30th - 30 rubles, on the 31st - 31 rubles.
And so the whole month. The main thing is not to miss a single day and put it strictly according to the norm - no more, no less!
As soon as you accumulate 10 rubles per ruble, they should be exchanged for a ten-ruble note, accumulate 10 tens - exchange for a hundred.
By the end of the month, out of 30 days, you will have 465 rubles. If you add these numbers: 4 + 6 + 5, then it will be 15, and reduce to a prime number, it will become; 1 + 5 = 6. According to the science of numbers (numerology), six will be the number of money in the family.
If you are laying a money path not for the family, but for your loved one, then by 465 rubles on the last day of the month you need to report 35 rubles to get 500. (Five is the number of winners).
All the money accumulated during the month must be put aside in a special place and NEVER SPEND!!!
This money will become beacons that will bring their fellows to you.
Important point!
You can’t immediately postpone 500 rubles in one fell swoop and forget for a month. It won't work. The fact is that by saving daily, you daily give a signal to the egregor of money that you need his services. Collecting the required amount every day (for example, 18 rubles), you involuntarily think all day about the formation of a money path. This is not only a connection to money, but also friendship with money. She will bring money to you.
Good luck to you!
GIRLS, LET'S GET RICH TOGETHER!!!
Ilsur Nabiullin from the Baimaksky district of Bashkiria at the age of 22 bought a small sawmill with his grandmother's savings, and ten years later he sells his products to Europe and America
Ilsur Nabiullin (Photo: Stanislav Shakhov)
I always say to young guys: if you want to start your own business, don't be afraid, you have to take risks! We took a risk...
The director of the timber processing enterprise Ilsur Nabiullin is taking me from the village of Temyasovo in the Baimaksky district to his central office near the village of Beterya. Business has already entered there, but local residents can only dream of cellular communications.
Ilsur is 32 years old. By the age when many people are just thinking about their business, he managed to become a social entrepreneur of the year in Bashkiria, receive an award from the government of the republic, build and take care of a mosque, take patronage of a local orphanage.
Grandma saved up for a car
At the age of five, Ilsur and Timur were left orphans. He was brought up with his brother Timur and raised to his feet as best he could by his grandmother. In 2007, she died, the brothers were left all alone.
I was 22 years old, I was in my fourth year of the Faculty of Physical Education. We lived very poorly, denied ourselves a lot. But my grandmother always wanted me to buy a car. And I put aside for it from each pension. She managed to save 150 thousand rubles. I decided that the car would wait for a while and bought the cheapest sawmill and the Druzhba saw with this money. That's all, the savings are over, - says the entrepreneur.
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Ilsur Nabiullin bought the first forest with his own savings from the scholarship - for 5600 rubles. He sawed everything himself and sold for 11 thousand. They again bought a forest, and so the momentum went. When Ilsur realized that he could not cope alone, he called for help from his brother, who by that time was working in the North. He brought another hundred thousand rubles, they were also put into circulation.
Ilsur Nabiullina employs about 30 people. In the photo - his first sawmill, which he bought with his grandmother's savings (Photo: Stanislav Shakhov)
For two years we did not see any profit at all, leaving the bare minimum for life. We bought ready-made wood and just sawed it. Later, as soon as they saved up money, they took a cargo Ural, equipment, rented forest plots with needles and birch. Then things more or less went uphill, they began to hire people, says Ilsur Nabiullin.
Gradually, the brothers divided the responsibilities among themselves. Senior Timur is responsible for cutting and planting forests, equipment, security, and Ilsur is responsible for sawmills, sawing and construction. The company employs about 30 employees. In the summer, when there are more orders - all 50, students from the city are coming up. The average salary is 30 thousand rubles, which is very good money for the village. Drivers of heavy trucks receive the most - 40-50 thousand.
We bought so much equipment that we can employ 100 people, but there is not enough wood, - the businessman says.
Invested 50 million without loans
For 10 years, the company of brothers has risen well in the region and entered the international level. They started with the processing of 1,000 cubic meters per year, now - more than 12,000 cubic meters. The brothers gradually invested about 50 million rubles in their production. Even before the crisis and the jump in the dollar, they managed to buy a dryer and Canadian machines for deep processing for 12 million rubles. This made it possible to independently produce building materials - eurolining, blockhouse, europol, plinth are taken to stores throughout Bashkiria. According to Ilsur, processing is much more profitable than just sawing. The cost of a cubic meter of a growing tree is about 1,500 rubles (not counting the cost of felling and transportation), and building materials - 17,000. In addition, their building materials are used to build cottages near Baimak - another business of the Nabiullin brothers.
Last year, the company purchased birch processing equipment for 5 million.
It is difficult to saw birch, conventional machines do not give the desired quality. And now we have an accuracy of up to a millimeter, so orders immediately went. We supply boards for boxes to the Ministry of Defense, boards for furniture production to America. Recently an order came to Poland, we will deliver goods there at attractive prices, - says the businessman.
When the investment pays off, the brothers do not hesitate. According to them, they never attracted loans, they invested only what they earned. We worked out the season, the money appeared - we bought new equipment. Ilsur estimates the annual turnover at 15-20 million rubles, he prefers not to talk about profitability.
Ilsur bought a car for himself only in 2011, when the company got on its feet. Grandma would be proud of him.