How was money kept in Russia before?
Since ancient times, money has been able to act as treasures - this is how one of the most important functions of money, as a means of accumulation, appeared. A modern person has a lot of ways to save and accumulate his own funds: bank deposits, investments in securities, stocks, buying precious metals, currencies, etc. But how did our ancestors store and accumulate funds? We decided to drip history and find out the main ways of saving and accumulating from the times of Ancient Russia to Tsarist Russia.
How did you save money in the old days? Where did they invest?
For quite a long time, peasants kept money in hiding places. Most often, caches with small amounts (a couple of coins) for current needs were at home. The most convenient stash of those times was coins stuck in the joints of the logs of the house, hidden under the threshold or “red corner”.
Wealthy peasants hid larger sums in capsules, various containers and buried them in the ground. Most often on arable land or in the garden. This way of saving money was caused not only by the fear of theft or dispossession, but by precautions during fires, which were very frequent in those days. This method of saving money was popular until the appearance of the first paper money under Empress Catherine II.
Earning "penny", the peasants saved up money for expensive purchases - horses, cows, grain for planting, if there was not enough of their own, etc. The richer ones invested their money in buying more land to grow agricultural products for sale.
An individual peasant had little money, but due to the fact that peasants made up 80-90% of the population, the total amount of money they kept was huge.
Since then, a tradition has been led to keep money at home, which for thousands of years has been actively used by all segments of the population to this day. Only our grandparents choose more primitive places: under the mattress, in a jar, in closets between bed linen, etc.
With the beginning of active construction, money was walled up in the masonry of houses and churches. In the palaces and residences of the monarchs there were special secret rooms where money was kept.
Merchants rarely kept money at home; a constant turnover of funds is important for them. They invested in new products. Wealthy boyars invested in precious metals, buying silver appliances, gold candelabra, candlesticks, etc. They also kept savings at home. Actual investments for them were: the acquisition of land, estates, estates, etc.
With the advent of new types of crafts and small-scale industry, the money of wealthy investors flowed into the construction of manufactories, the purchase of the necessary equipment, materials, etc.
The first similarities of modern contributions and an alternative
Here I would like to note that there were no alternative ways of investing funds until the appearance in 1772 of the Safe Treasury at special educational homes. Operations consisted in accepting deposits and issuing loans secured by real estates, serf souls. Interestingly, the first state-owned bank in Russia appeared back in 1733, but all of them were designed exclusively for issuing loans / credits, bypassing deposits.
In 1757 bank bills appeared. Many merchants and wealthy people bought bills for real money and could sell them back in any of Russia's 50 major cities. Some bought promissory notes in order to save money, while others purchased them as a convenient safe instrument on long trips around Russia.
In 1769, paper money was put into circulation. However, the first banknotes, in fact, were bank obligations-receipts for a certain number of coins, playing the role of bonds and a monetary unit at the same time. A lot of nobles kept their money in banknotes, since they were much more convenient to store and had a larger denomination: 25, 50, 75 and 100 rubles.
In 1842, the Savings Treasury was replaced by Savings Banks and became widespread among all segments of the population. At the same time, the first passbooks appeared. The minimum deposit that could be opened was 50 kopecks, and the maximum was 300 rubles, while it was impossible to deposit more than 10 rubles into the account at a time.
On the first day of opening, the savings bank opened 76 accounts for a total of 426 rubles. 50 kopecks. At that time, the amount was prohibitive.
Just before the abolition of serfdom, in the 50s of the 19th century, joint-stock companies began to appear, the shares of which became another way of investment for wealthy citizens. And in 1864, the first commercial bank appeared in St. Petersburg, the shareholders of which were thousands of citizens from the nobility and ordinary artisans, merchants, etc.
As a rule, we share the events of our lives with our grandparents every day and get good advice from them. They have already lived a long life and have invaluable experience in many matters, including financial ones, so it is doubly interesting to get ideas from them on budgeting, especially on the part of expenses.
In Russia, grandparents often give their grandchildren money for birthdays and other important holidays. It's time to learn how to save money and set worthy goals.
It is always better to plan your budget in advance and, based on it, make certain expenses. The most important thing to consider before spending any money is that you need to spend less than you earn.
It is very important to feel the difference between your needs and desires in order to make smart financial decisions. Wouldn't it feel great to see your retirement savings grow?
If you ask your grandparents on occasion about the importance of saving money, you will certainly be advised to start saving money as early as possible without putting it off.
It basically happens that most of us rush to get a new product as soon as it hits the market. Because of the cult of everything new and "advanced", it has become so difficult to keep all your desires and desires in check.
In fact, advertising is never worth it, most often it gives false promises to consumers (in other words, lies). To change a thing for a new one or not - this decision must be made by you personally, regardless of advertising and the opinions of others.
For example, if you bought a perfume a month ago and you don't like its smell, use it as an air freshener, don't rush to buy a new one right away!
This advice is similar to the previous one. Nowadays, people seem to be obsessed with new models of all kinds of devices, especially mobile phones. As soon as the novelty appears on the market, work on a more advanced device immediately begins - just keep track and buy. This is how absolutely unnecessary and unnecessary expenses are born.
It is very important to be aware of the fact that a mobile phone is just a means of communication! Buying a new expensive model every 3 months will not make you happy - it's a waste of money! It is better to invest the same money in mutual funds or buy an insurance policy. Be sure that these expenses will justify themselves.
Where can I get money to start my own business? This is the problem faced by 95% of new entrepreneurs! In the article, we have revealed the most relevant ways of obtaining start-up capital for an entrepreneur. We also recommend that you carefully study the results of our experiment in exchange earnings:
It's impossible for everything to be perfect. But by perfecting an imperfect thing, you learn the useful skill of avoiding unwanted expenses.
For example, if your favorite jeans are torn - do not rush to buy new ones, think about how you can fix an annoying nuisance, managing with small losses. Maybe you have to use old jeans (see next point!), which you don’t like or are too worn, or you prefer the option with “highly artistic” cuts ... In any case, such actions will surely save you money, and this is exactly what our grandmothers did when they needed something - they didn’t buy a new one, but “finished” the old one.
That is, reuse the item. Surely you have seen more than once how your grandmother made a tablecloth from a piece of fabric unsuitable for wear, what can we say about darning socks and stockings.
In the same way, you should not immediately throw away a thing that is broken or torn, but think about how it can be creatively recycled. Recycling not only contributes to the preservation of the environment, but also saves you a lot of money. And, of course, don't forget to recycle broken glass, metal, paper, and plastic.
Dinner at a restaurant costs twice as much as food cooked at home. It's not a big deal to go out to eateries from time to time, but making it a regular habit is not a smart choice. Just try to calculate how much money you save by cooking at home and draw your own conclusions.
Homemade food is much healthier than restaurant food, and you know exactly what it's made of. In addition, you have a huge range of products at your fingertips, which makes the process of cooking very exciting and fun, and it certainly helps to develop your creativity, as well as teaches self-reliance and independence.
Do not think that staying at home, you doom yourself to boredom, do not treat loneliness as a punishment. You can make good use of your time by exercising, trying a new recipe, reading an interesting book, or learning a new skill like using Photoshop.
In addition, you can simply enjoy the opportunity to devote time to your favorite hobby, such as painting or embroidering with sequins. Who knows how it might come in handy in the future.
The most important
Don't think that being frugal means being stingy or buying only the cheapest. Being frugal means spending money wisely and knowing how to increase your savings instead of wasting them. After all, we work so hard all our lives to earn this money.
Our grandparents have a wealth of life experience, and we should listen to their advice, because it will not only help save money, but also teach us to be more wise in financial matters.
Ilsur Nabiullin from the Baimaksky district of Bashkiria at the age of 22 bought a small sawmill with his grandmother's savings, and ten years later he sells his products to Europe and America
Ilsur Nabiullin (Photo: Stanislav Shakhov)
I always say to young guys: if you want to start your own business, don't be afraid, you have to take risks! We took a risk...
The director of the timber processing enterprise Ilsur Nabiullin is taking me from the village of Temyasovo in the Baimaksky district to his central office near the village of Beterya. Business has already entered there, but local residents can only dream of cellular communications.
Ilsur is 32 years old. By the age when many people are just thinking about their business, he managed to become a social entrepreneur of the year in Bashkiria, receive an award from the government of the republic, build and take care of a mosque, take patronage of a local orphanage.
Grandma saved up for a car
At the age of five, Ilsur and Timur were left orphans. He was brought up with his brother Timur and raised to his feet as best he could by his grandmother. In 2007, she died, the brothers were left all alone.
I was 22 years old, I was in my fourth year of the Faculty of Physical Education. We lived very poorly, denied ourselves a lot. But my grandmother always wanted me to buy a car. And I put aside for it from each pension. She managed to save 150 thousand rubles. I decided that the car would wait for a while and bought the cheapest sawmill and the Druzhba saw with this money. That's all, the savings are over, - says the entrepreneur.
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Ilsur Nabiullin bought the first forest with his own savings from the scholarship - for 5600 rubles. He sawed everything himself and sold for 11 thousand. They again bought a forest, and so the momentum went. When Ilsur realized that he could not cope alone, he called for help from his brother, who by that time was working in the North. He brought another hundred thousand rubles, they were also put into circulation.
Ilsur Nabiullina employs about 30 people. In the photo - his first sawmill, which he bought with his grandmother's savings (Photo: Stanislav Shakhov)
For two years we did not see any profit at all, leaving the bare minimum for life. We bought ready-made wood and just sawed it. Later, as soon as they saved up money, they took a cargo Ural, equipment, rented forest plots with needles and birch. Then things more or less went uphill, they began to hire people, says Ilsur Nabiullin.
Gradually, the brothers divided the responsibilities among themselves. Senior Timur is responsible for cutting and planting forests, equipment, security, and Ilsur is responsible for sawmills, sawing and construction. The company employs about 30 employees. In the summer, when there are more orders - all 50, students from the city are coming up. The average salary is 30 thousand rubles, which is very good money for the village. Drivers of heavy trucks receive the most - 40-50 thousand.
We bought so much equipment that we can employ 100 people, but there is not enough wood, - the businessman says.
Invested 50 million without loans
For 10 years, the company of brothers has risen well in the region and entered the international level. They started with the processing of 1,000 cubic meters per year, now - more than 12,000 cubic meters. The brothers gradually invested about 50 million rubles in their production. Even before the crisis and the jump in the dollar, they managed to buy a dryer and Canadian machines for deep processing for 12 million rubles. This made it possible to independently produce building materials - eurolining, blockhouse, europol, plinth are taken to stores throughout Bashkiria. According to Ilsur, processing is much more profitable than just sawing. The cost of a cubic meter of a growing tree is about 1,500 rubles (not counting the cost of felling and transportation), and building materials - 17,000. In addition, their building materials are used to build cottages near Baimak - another business of the Nabiullin brothers.
Last year, the company purchased birch processing equipment for 5 million.
It is difficult to saw birch, conventional machines do not give the desired quality. And now we have an accuracy of up to a millimeter, so orders immediately went. We supply boards for boxes to the Ministry of Defense, boards for furniture production to America. Recently an order came to Poland, we will deliver goods there at attractive prices, - says the businessman.
When the investment pays off, the brothers do not hesitate. According to them, they never attracted loans, they invested only what they earned. We worked out the season, the money appeared - we bought new equipment. Ilsur estimates the annual turnover at 15-20 million rubles, he prefers not to talk about profitability.
Ilsur bought a car for himself only in 2011, when the company got on its feet. Grandma would be proud of him.
Unfortunately, now family happiness and well-being directly depends on the material condition of the family. If you get sick, the medicine costs money, your boots are torn, you need to buy them too. Even at the household level, quarrels often occur between spouses: there are no products to cook a delicious dinner, the bedspread on the bed is already worn out, and the chandelier on the ceiling is already tired. To solve these problems, money is needed. What if they are simply not enough? Grandmothers insist that folk signs can help in such trouble.
money rules
You need to wash the floor and sweep from the front door. If you do the opposite, you can drive all the well-being out of the house. Cleaning is not allowed after sunset.
There should be only one broom in the house. Buying it, you can not bargain.
You need to whistle in the street, not in the house. In whose house a whistle will be heard, there will also be lack of money.
Large amounts are recalculated at the end of each working week.
It is better to count all banknotes and small change twice a month on even numbers of the calendar. You need to count at a young month, and thank him during the counting procedure.
If you owe someone money, then you need to return them the sutra. Then borrowing money will not be a necessity. They will have their own.
Every Sunday you need to distribute all your coins from your wallet to those in need. This sign contributes to the appearance of large bills in the wallet.
You can't borrow money on Monday.
You can not stand on the threshold of a house or apartment. Then it will be difficult for money to get into this house.
Salt and bread should not be given to neighbors.
Wages received cannot be spent on the same day. Let the money spend the night at home at least.
If a family saves money, then it should do it with the thought not of a "rainy day", but for something good. For example, for a vacation, to buy a refrigerator, TV, car, etc.
Picking up money on the street is strictly prohibited. Many people in this way transmit illness, damage and misfortune through money.
When a debt is returned, in the process of transferring money, with your left hand you need to make a “fig” unnoticed by people and keep it in your pocket.
Beggars need to give only coins, bills can not be given.
Wallet Rules
In secret from everyone, always carry large denomination banknotes in your wallet. It is also desirable if there are banknotes of different currencies on the stash. Just don't waste them. They will perform the function of attracting other money.
The color of the wallet should be red, brown, gold.
The wallet itself should be new, without flaws, a stylish model, the hostess should like it. Its material must be natural.
It is better to spend money and buy an expensive wallet. In cheap there is no aura for money. Money loves beauty and naturalness.
Horseradish root attracts material energy. It will be good if you hide such a plant in your wallet.
Photos and other things not related to money should not be in the wallet. They interrupt the cash flow, knock down material energy. If this is a photograph, then the energy of money can affect the energy of the depicted person, and he will only be interested in material wealth.
Money should look at the owner "face" in the wallet.
A dollar folded into a triangle and a lucky coin will always bring good luck and increase the amount available.
If the money is received dishonestly or easily earned, it is better to spend it right away.
If a salary is received for incredible efforts and work, a bill of the largest denomination should be kept in a wallet. She will attract money.
You always need to count how much money is in your wallet. They love counting.
The wallet should never be empty.
The aspen leaf in the wallet serves as a magnet for banknotes.
Table rules
People say that the table is a kind of mediator between the two worlds. Therefore, it is worth being careful with what lies on the table, how the table stands and how it is sent. Based on this belief, the rule came into life that you can not put money and keys on the table.
It is necessary to ensure that there is nothing empty on the table: an empty bottle, plate, glass. Everything must be completed. Otherwise removed from the table.
Do not remove crumbs from the table with your bare hand. You need to use a rag. All rubbish from the table should immediately be swept into a scoop.
When the guests disperse and the feast is over, you need to shake out the tablecloth on the street or just from the balcony. Such a ritual lures wealth and prosperity.
The table must be covered with something. It is better that it be a beautiful, clean and ironed tablecloth without holes. Under the tablecloth you need to hide a few bills.
Fill the container with liquid up to the brim. You can't pour half a glass.
The table is designed for eating and drinking tea. It is absolutely impossible to sit on it. Such a habit attracts lack of money.
General signs of wealth
In order to have prosperity in the house, you need to maintain cleanliness. Garbage should not be anywhere. It is better to lay out coins in the corners.
Money cannot be counted after sunset.
Coins must not be left on the table. Such an act will lead to grief and tears.
If you give or take an animal, be sure to exchange it for a trifle or banknotes. This is done so that the pet does not get sick.
After looking at your favorite thing and spending all the money on it, you will notice that after buying there will be no money in your wallet. And if after the purchase some bills remain, putting on this thing, money will be found.
Looking at the new month, you need to hold on to a gold item. Such a ritual will attract wealth to the house.
Those who consume blueberries do not complain about the lack of material resources.
If you give money in loans on Tuesday, then you yourself will constantly borrow and need money.
If there is a rug near the front door, you need to put a coin under it. If not, then hide under the linoleum. This ritual lures money into the house.
How to attract money
To be sure to wait for a salary increase, ask for it on Wednesday in the morning.
Borrowing is not recommended at all. In this way, the energy of money is programmed so that a person will always ask for loans. Better to lend.
Those outerwear that weighs in the hallway and in closets should be neat. It should not have holes, missing buttons and broken snakes. Put at least one small bill in each pocket.
You can make a special amulet that will attract monetary energy. You need to keep it in your wallet. Take three identical coins, make small holes in them at the same level, and thread them with a red ribbon. You can't take it out of your wallet. And looking into it, you always need to smile and stroke the amulet.
Both foreign and our grandmothers are advised to follow the advice related to money. Money cannot be littered, it must be loved, respected, counted, spent only on the necessary things. All actions related to attracting money have been tested for years, and even now they are in demand. It is impossible to say exactly how this or that ritual works, but you can try it for yourself. Moreover, it is not difficult. What if it helps?