INCREASE IN WINTER WORK
HESN and the FER (TER) developed on their basis take into account the direct costs for the production of construction and installation works under normal conditions (not complicated by external factors) at a positive temperature ambient air. Additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter when compiling budget documentation additionally needs to be taken into account.
THE DOCUMENTS:
1. GSN 81-05-02-2007"Collection of estimated norms of additional costs in the production of construction and installation works in winter"
The norms of this collection are applied when determining costs:
§ for new construction, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises;
§ with K = 0.8 for the overhaul of industrial facilities (clause 12 of GSNr81-05-02-2001).
2. GSNr 81-05-02-2001"Collection of estimated norms additional costs in the production of repair construction works during the winter"
The norms of this collection are applied when determining costs
§ for the overhaul of residential and public buildings;
§ for the overhaul of industrial buildings serving housing and communal services;
§ for the reconstruction of residential and public buildings.
Let us consider in more detail the collection GSN 81-05-02-2007.
The territory of Russia is divided into 8 temperature zones depending on the temperature conditions of the winter period (the average of the average monthly otri-2
relative temperatures of the winter period). The division of the territory of Russia into temperature zones with an indication of winter periods is given in Appendix 1 to the GSN 81-05-02-2007 collection.
The Sverdlovsk region belongs to the IV temperature zone.
As part of the collection GSN 81-05-02-2007 - three sections:
Section 1"Estimated norms by types of construction".
Section 2"Estimated norms for structures, types of work".
Section 3"Standards for temporary heating of buildings"
Additional costs are set as a percentage of estimated cost Construction and installation work performed at a positive ambient temperature.
Additional costs are included in the CSR in chapter 9 "Other work and costs" (columns 5, 6 and 8) according to the norms of section 1 from the cost of construction and installation work as a result of chapters 1-8.
Section 1 regulations"By types of construction" are intended:
a) to take into account additional costs in the consolidated estimate calculation (as a whole for the construction site);
b) for year-round payment for work performed between the customer and the general contractor (regardless of the actual time of work).
The norms of the 1st section take into account the proportion of the estimated winter period in the year. The specific weight of the calculated winter period is set for each temperature zone. In particular, for the IV temperature zone, it is taken to be 0.45.
Suppose that the cost of construction and installation work for some construction site completed in the summer was 100 monetary units. The cost of the same construction and installation works, if performed at a negative temperature, would be 110 3
monetary units. Then the rise in the cost of construction and installation works in connection with their implementation at a negative temperature will be:
110-100 = 10%
With a specific weight of the winter period of 0.45, the cost of construction and installation works performed during the year will be more expensive by an average of 4.5% (10% x 0.45 = 4.5%).
But different territories of the country, assigned to the same temperature zone, have different durations of the calculated winter period in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to the GOS 81-05-02-2007. For example, the IV temperature zone includes:
Sverdlovsk region. (winter period from 20.X to 15.IV);
Chelyabinsk region (respectively from 25.X to 10.IV);
Samara region (from 10.XI to 10.IV).
To take into account the difference in the duration of the winter period within a specific temperature zone to the norms of section 1 correction territorial coefficients are applied.
In particular, for the Sverdlovsk region. territorial coefficient K=1.1;
for the Chelyabinsk region K= 1.0;
for the Samara region K=0.9.
The norms for the types of construction take into account, in general, for the construction site, all the factors of appreciation when performing construction and installation works in winter, including the cost of temporary heating of buildings completed rough, within estimated winter period.
A number of cost norms not covered by the rules, they are taken into account additionally with appropriate justification. These include:
§ temporary heating of buildings out of bounds estimated winter period;
§ snow removal of access trackless roads from the highway to the construction site (chapter 9, gr. 4 and 8 according to TER1-02-087 with accrual of HP and SP);
§ initial clearing of the site from snow (if, in accordance with the PIC, construction begins in winter);
§ snow fighting costs - allowed for the Far North, as well as in rural areas within IV, V, VI temperature zones. The limit for these purposes is up to 0.3% of construction and installation works 1-8, the costs must be confirmed by certificates from the hydrometeorological service;
§ wind speed > 10m/sec (when the number of windy days in winter >10% to 30% - K=1.05; > 30% - K=1.08 to the norms of winter crops); when paying, the costs must be confirmed by certificates from the hydrometeorological service;
§ special greenhouses (shelters to create a microclimate necessary for the production of work are erected in accordance with design solutions for their device).
The norms for residential buildings (paragraphs 11.1 ÷ 11.3 of Table 4) are established for buildings that do not have external networks, landscaping and landscaping. Therefore, if there are mentioned costs in the project, it is necessary to apply an amendment to the norms in accordance with clause 13 (K = 2 for efficiency; K = 1.7 for brick houses).
So for example, for brick house the winter rate standard for inclusion in the SSR will be:
1.7% x 1.7 x 1.1 = 3.18%,
where 1.7% is the standard for winter appreciation in clause 11.2;
1.7 - coefficient for taking into account the presence of external networks and amenities; 5
1.1 - territorial correction factor for the Sverdlovsk region. according to Appendix No. 1 (p. 66).
For types of construction not provided for in Section 1, it is allowed to apply the standards for similar types of construction. In the absence of analogues, the rates of additional costs are determined by calculation using the rates of costs for structures and types of work (section 2) and the rates for temporary heating of buildings (section 3). Similarly, the rates of additional costs for residential and public buildings, as well as facilities public utilities from monolithic reinforced concrete (clause 13, including). An example of such a calculation is given in Appendix 2 to GOS 81-05-02-2007.
Section 2 rules"Standards for structures and types of work" are developed in the context of FER (TER) parts. Unlike the norms of Section 1, these norms are not average annual, but average winter, i.e. they are calculated without taking into account the specific weight of the winter period. Therefore, the territorial correction factor according to Appendix 1 does not apply to them.
These norms are intended for settlements between the general contractor and the subcontractor for the work performed in winter. They can also be used to calculate the average annual standard for the type of construction that is not in the norms of section 1.
The norms for the types of work take into account only the factors associated with the implementation of a particular type of construction and installation work:
a) a decrease in labor productivity due to constraint of movement in warm clothes, deterioration in visibility, icing of materials, structures, shoes, the need for breaks in work for heating, etc.
b) changing the methods of performing work: loosening frozen soils, thawing soils, protecting them from freezing, electric heating of concrete, the use of chemical additives, etc.;
c) loss of materials during the performance of work in winter. 6
Standards for types of work do not take into account the cost of heating a building that is rough-finished (neither within the estimated winter period, nor beyond).
Section 3 "Norms for temporary heating" are used to calculate the cost of temporary heating of buildings during the construction and installation works, which, according to the specifications, must be performed at a positive temperature, or when determining the cost of temporary heating outside the calculated winter period (in the case of justification of the PIC), as well as to calculate the average annual standard by type of construction not listed in Section 1.
Unit price of part TER-06 "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures" No. 06-01-017-1 "Technological electrical heating of concrete" is used only in accordance with the POS to accelerate the turnover of industrial formwork. Heating of concrete in winter is taken into account by the norms of winter rises in prices.
All norms of the collection GSNr 81-05-02-2001"Collection of estimated norms of additional costs in the production of repair and construction work in the winter" are annual average. They are charged a territorial coefficient of 1.1. The norms are applied to take into account additional costs in the estimate, as well as for year-round calculation for the repair and construction work performed, regardless of the actual time of their implementation.
If, in accordance with the contract, the contractor performs repair and construction work in a heated room, and the customer pays for heating, then the contract price may not include the cost of the increase in the cost of work, or the customer may present heating costs to the contractor, because. in the norm of winter rises in prices according to the collection of GSNr 81-05-02-2001 they are taken into account
Before sending an electronic application to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.
1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled in in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. According to federal law dated 02.05.2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering citizens' applications Russian Federation"electronic appeals are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
- indication of an incomplete or inaccurate postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- the absence of punctuation marks in the text, the presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already received a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.
6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to the private life of a citizen, without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements Russian legislation about personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
The winter season today is not such a serious obstacle to developers. It is quite possible to build a house in winter if the builders follow all the rules and restrictions. However, at the same time, all the factors of restrictions at this time of the year lead to such a phenomenon as a winter rise in construction costs. We will just tell about it.
The main parameters of the winter rise in prices
With a normative increase in the cost of performing work in the winter period of the year, the following main factors are taken into account:
1. Labor productivity of workers.
- Decreased productivity with the forced use of warm types of special clothing, special footwear and other PPE;
- Reducing the duration of daylight hours, and, as a result, reduced visibility;
- Increased injury risk, forced increased vigilance and the need for additional cleaning of the workplace due to the presence of wind, ice and snow in the workplace;
- Breaks for heating at temperatures below 20 degrees below zero and the need to reduce the work shift at temperatures below 30 degrees below zero;
- Changes in the working order and technological process due to the need for additional protection of workers;
2. Increased time to perform typical outdoor work due to the peculiarities of the winter period.
- During earthworks - difficulties with freezing of the soil, increasing the waiting time and applying additional efforts to thaw it;
- When cooking concrete solutions- the need to introduce special chemical additives to change the setting time or the use of more expensive formulations;
- In general work - the need to warm up or heat the equipment and materials used;
- Fencing of workplaces to prevent snow drifts.
3. Possible damage to materials at sub-zero temperatures.
- Cracking of building materials;
- Excessively fast solidification of solutions.
Normative documents and coefficients of winter appreciation
The coefficient of winter appreciation in construction and the methodology for its calculation are based on approved data from such regulatory documents as GOS ( estimated norms established by the state) 81-05-02-2007 and GSNr (estimated norms established by the state for repair and construction types of work) 81-05-02-2001, containing the standard values of appreciation for all types of construction work.
The reference book GSN 81-05-02-2007 takes into account the costs required to perform work on newly organized construction, with partial or complete reconstruction and for the technical re-equipment of enterprises. This normative document divided into three main parts:
- Estimated standards for all types of construction;
- On structures and work performed with them;
- Additional heating of objects, including buildings built in the rough (there are basic building elements) is a small but important part of the directory.
Reference GSNr 81-05-02-2001 contains amendments that are applied when performing overhaul or reconstruction of any kind of objects. The norms indicated in the handbook are average for the year and take into account the territorial coefficient, depending on the climatic zone of the place of work and the proportion of the cold period in the year. The reference book also provides information recommended for calculations on classifying any region of the Russian Federation as a temperature zone.
Additionally, "winter" coefficients can also be found in the RSN (methodology for determining the cost of all construction) 8.01.105-2007. Directive RSN 8.01.105.2007 contains all the necessary costly amendments in relation to structures or work performed, indicating additional sources to refine these ratios.
How is the winter rise in prices taken into account in the estimates?
If the performance of all types of work is carried out by the customer without the involvement of third-party organizations, then the coefficients are taken into account at his discretion. Otherwise, if contractors are involved under the contract, then the cost coefficients are taken into account if the deadline for the performance of work affects even a short period of the cold season.
Additional costs should be taken into account when developing budget documents at the stage of preparing a contract. Winter appreciation can be calculated both in relation to the entire estimate, and taking into account individual works - by agreement between the parties to the contract. The best option for compiling estimate documentation is to use special programs with the ability to select the necessary coefficients, which are normative.
The size of the coefficients used to calculate the winter appreciation
Correction factors in the annexes to the State estimated standards and are mandatory and not subject to change for organizations throughout construction industry, except for the production of work on their own. All coefficients included in the handbooks are percentages that should be added to the estimated cost of similar work performed at positive temperatures.
The greatest rise in price arises when it is necessary to carry out earthworks manually, associated with the development of frozen or freezing soil. In some regions, the rise in price reaches 100% of the estimated estimate of work.
Less expensive are the work performed indoors, as well as those associated with materials that do not change their properties when frozen.
Standard work performed during the construction of public or residential facilities in winter becomes more expensive by an average of 10%.
Benefits during construction in the winter season
The term “Winter rise in price” itself means that the customer will be forced to pay more for the performance of work. And yet, if an increasing coefficient is applied to all types of construction work in the winter, is it possible to find some benefit and try to save money without losing the quality of work?
As practice shows, the conclusion of contracts in the cold season is more profitable for customers. Increasing competition among construction organizations after the end of the main construction season leads to a decrease in the cost of their services. Many of these organizations provide a system of discounts.
Savings are also possible in cases where it is planned to build a wooden object, you should know that winter wood is cheaper than summer wood, without being inferior in quality.
At the stage of construction planning, the specialists of the customer organization must adhere to the most beneficial course for the enterprise and take into account all factors for reducing the contract price, if it is impossible to do without the use of the "winter" coefficient.
Photo: Alexey Sukhorukov / Zuma / TASS
Fashion retail expects another increase in prices for clothes and shoes after the “lull” in 2017. According to Fashion Consulting Group CEO Anna Lebsak-Kleymans, unlike food prices, prices for clothing and footwear usually rise with some delay, as increased spending on basic products leads to a “savings regime”, primarily on entertainment and wardrobe updates. . Fashion brands are postponing clothing price hikes to keep shoppers.
The ruble, which stabilized in 2017, has fallen noticeably again this year, and in two stages: in April it fell by 12% (from 57 to 64 rubles per dollar), and from early August to mid-September - by more than 12% (maximum - on September 12 - 69.97 rubles; the Central Bank exchange rate on September 25 - 66.15 rubles per dollar). The second important factor for the appreciation will be an increase from 1 January 2019, the main VAT rate from 18 to 20%: this will cause inflation to rise, and the statements of the Central Bank about the impossibility of controlling inflation further exacerbate the atmosphere of instability, Fashion Consulting Group notes.,> ,>
“Despite the fact that retailers are squeezing their margins to a minimum, delaying the moment of product repricing and trying to hide price increases as much as possible so as not to lose customers, the weakening of the ruble and the increase in VAT will inevitably lead to an increase in the cost of collections in 2019,” says Lebsak-Kleymans. “And since a business cannot work to its own detriment, a product of the same quality will inevitably increase in price next season.” According to her estimates, while maintaining the current exchange rate of the ruble, we can talk about an increase in prices for similar goods by 10-20% in the premium segment and by 5-10% in the budget segment, where the buyer is especially sensitive to price.
Pricing in the fashion segment is highly dependent on exchange rate, agrees BAON President Ilya Yaroshenko. With the weakening of the ruble and the increase in VAT, the cost of collections will inevitably increase, which means that prices will also increase by 5-10%, he believes. As for the pricing of Western brands, it is entirely dependent on currency fluctuations, Russian manufacturers can reduce their dependence on the exchange rate by placing orders with domestic factories, but the fabrics still have to be imported, so the bulk of the purchase price is also pegged to the currency, he explained.
“The last word is with the customer, who will only purchase at a price that is acceptable to him, so retailers have to sacrifice margins to keep the price level,” says Yaroshenko. “Nevertheless, the margin of safety for companies is not unlimited, and past crises have already led to the fact that they continue to keep prices at the expense of own resources becomes unrealistic, so in 2019, retail prices may rise in the same way as the currency.”
For importers, the unpredictability of the ruble exchange rate is the main problem, since contracts are concluded in euros, and sales are made in rubles, explained Denis Bogatyrev, CEO of BNS Group (distributor of Michael Kors, Topshop, Calvin Klein Jeans, Mexx, etc.). Accordingly, when the ruble weakens, prices in stores almost always rise in proportion to the exchange rate, and the only way for the company to reduce costs in the event of a sharp weakening of the ruble is to adjust the volume of purchases, to purchase less goods than originally planned.
Fashion retailers now have to fight for access to the consumer's wallet also with grocery retail, as the cost of the consumer basket is growing faster than wages, said Konstantin Nadezhdin, CEO of the Familia chain.
“We plan to stay in the current price ranges until the very end. Due to the specifics of the format, even in the long term, price growth will always be lower than the average in our sector,” Nadezhdin commented. - Since we have a large share of past collections, our pricing is based on the principle of a discount from past prices of regular retailers. It will take six months or a year before prices rise compared to the rest of the market.” At the same time, Familia admits that despite the fact that economic downturns are considered a time of growth for off-price retail, companies operating in this segment are also forced to shrink.
TSUM Chief Operating Officer Alexander Pavlov admits that fluctuations in the euro exchange rate will adjust retail prices for European brands: “Since we buy goods abroad, our ruble prices are pegged to the euro exchange rate and will change in accordance with it. Moreover, if you look at prices in euros, they are the same as in Europe.”
The representative of the shoe retailer Zenden, Alexander Milykh, said that the company sees no reason to sharp growth prices: "We plan to keep prices on margin, and personally we would not like to talk about survival, since we have quite ambitious plans for sales growth."
Representatives of Bosco (manages Moscow GUM) and Jamilko (represents DKNY, New Balance, Escada, etc. in Russia) did not comment on the possible price increase.
How does the average check change?
In August 2018, the average check for clothes and shoes increased by 10% compared to August 2017 and amounted to 2.7-2.8 thousand rubles. for one trip to the store, the number of purchases increased by 5%, calculated the operator of fiscal data OFD Platform (part of the Sberbank group). The most popular purchases were sweaters, trousers, windbreakers and women's shoes. Nevertheless, if we compare March-August 2018 with the same period in 2017, we have to state that the average check decreased by 3%, and the number of purchases over the same period increased by almost 40%. The decrease in the average check in the company is explained by pre-autumn discounts: buyers adhere to the model of economical consumption and purchase goods as part of promotions.
The relationship between the ruble exchange rate and clothing prices is indirect, notes Lebsak-Kleymans, and competent retailers carry out the inevitable price increases as gently as possible. So, according to her, today there are many ways that allow you to divert attention from the price increase and focus on the profitability of the purchase - promotions, emphasis in advertising on sales periods, personalized loyalty programs.
In addition, many retailers find opportunities to offer individual models in collections at low prices mainly due to cheaper materials and simplicity of design, and the presence of such items in the collections, if they are correctly presented on the trading floor and marked with bright price tags, makes the overall price increase less obvious and allows buyers to find something acceptable even at a time of austerity, which keeps them from "flowing" into cheaper stores, she concluded.
In fashion retail, the winner is the one who competently combines the methods of regulating the final prices for collections - promotional offers, sales periods, loyalty programs, Yaroshenko agrees. Nevertheless, the exchange rate is not the only factor determining the stability of fashion segment companies: for example, for BAON, the autumn-winter season is the most important, since the company traditionally specializes in outerwear, and therefore a cold winter is more important for it than a stable exchange rate, he concluded. The weather factor will also play its positive role, the anomalous heat has ended, the temperature has returned to the calendar norm. Therefore, very soon sales of the autumn-winter collection will rise to the planned level.