Pakistan - State in South Asia. In the north and northeast, it borders with Afghanistan, in the northeast, East and South-East - with India, in the West - with Iran, in the south is washed by the Arabian Sea. Spaces with India, the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, which is divided between the two states.
In the language of Urdu "Pak" means "clean", and "Stan" - "Country".
Capital
Islamabad.
Area
Population
144716 thousand people.
Administrative division
The federal republic as part of 4 provinces, the federal metropolitan district and federally managed territory of the tribes.
Form of government
Islamic Republic.
Head of State
President, elected for a period of 5 years.
Supreme legislative authority
Two-Parliament (National Assembly, elected for 5 years, and the Senate, the term of office of which is 6 years).
Supreme executive body
Government.
Big cities
Karachi, Lahore, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Rada Pindi, Multan, Hyderabad.
Official language. Urdu.
Religion
97% - Muslims, 3% - Hindus, Christians, Sikhi, Pars, Buddhists.
Ethnic composition
66% - Punjabtsy, 13% - Sindhi, as well as Pashtun, Beluhi, Bragui, etc.
Currency
Pakistani rupee \u003d 100 Paies.
Climate
Musson, most of the country tropical, in the north-west subtropical. The average temperatures of January on the plain from + 12 ° C to + 16 ° C (there are frosts in highlands to - 20 ° C), July - from + 30 ° C to + 35ss. The precipitation on the plains drops 100-400 mm per year, in the PAX - up to 1000 mm per year. The year in Pakistan is divided into three seasons: Cool (from October to March), hot (from March to June) and rainy (from July to September). With the onset of the hot season in the south, it becomes hot and humid, in the northern regions at that time the weather is quite pleasant. In mountainous areas, the weather directly depends on the height above sea level and can be changed much during the day.
Flora
The vegetation is predominantly steppe and semi-desert, in the mountains - areas of forests (spruce, evergreen oak, cedar).
Fauna
The animal world is represented by the bear, deer, wild boar, crocodile. In rivers and coastal waters there are a large number of fish species.
Rivers and lakes
Main river - ind with the influx of Panjnad.
sights
In Karachi - Mausoleum Haida-I-Aza-Ma - a monument to the founder of Pakistan Ali Ginno, a white mosque of the National Protection Society (her only dome, according to the world's largest), honeymoon house, in which Yeah Khan was born, St. Cathedral. Trinity, Church of St. Andrei, urban zoo. In Lahore, Mall's interest is the place of classic English parks and buildings in the colonial British style, the largest and best in the country of the Lahore Museum, the famous kima gun - an instrument, immortalized in the product of Kim Kim.
Useful information for tourists
Pakistan is a country of the most majestic landscapes in Asia, numerous cultural traditions and extremely hospitable people, it is one of the earliest human settlements, the cradle of ancient civilization, challenging leadership in Egypt and Mesopotamia, a place where Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism come into contact. The archaeological monuments of the Harapp, Civilization (III-II millennium BC), Persia and other ancient states are of particular importance.
States of Latin America. Borders, population and economy.
As part of Latin America, several subregions are distinguished. This is Central America (Mexico, Central America Countries, and West Indies) This Andor Countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile) These are the countries of the La Basin (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina). The territory of Latin America is stretched from north to south by 13 thousand km, and from west to east to 5 thousand km. By area, all countries of the region can be divided into very large (Brazil), large and medium (Mexico and most countries of South America), relatively small (Central America and Cuba countries) and very small (West India Islands). The boundaries between the mainland countries are mostly held along mountain ranges and large rivers. Er Latin America is determined by the fact that it is in comparative proximity to the United States, but on a high distance from other large regions. [I]. However, this adverse circumstance is partly overcome thanks to the "attraction" of many important sea routes by the Panaman Canal. In addition, all countries of the region, with the exception of Bolivia and Paraguay, or have a wide access to the oceans and seas, or are island. The modern ethnic composition of the population of Latin America was under the influence of the three components.
The first component amounted to Indian tribes and nationality,inhabited by the territory of the region before the arrival of Europeans. Among them were such creators of high agricultural civilizations as Aztecs and Maya in Mexico, Incas in Central Andes. Nowadays, the indigenous Indian population in the region is approximately 15%. Very many geographical names in Latin America, as in Northern, have Indian origins. The second component formed European migrants,first of all, from Spain and Portugal (they are called Colais). Before the beginning of the 19th century European immigration was relatively small, but then she acquired big scales. The third component formed Africans,which, starting from 16 V. Colonializers imported into Brazil. West India and some other countries to work on plantations. Three centuries of slave traders led to the fact that now in Latin America, blacks make 1/10 of all residents. More than half of the population of the region are descendants of mixed sconces: methuses, Mulati. Therefore, almost all Latin American nations have a complex ethnic basis. In Mexico and the countries of Central America, methiys, in Haiti, Jamaica, the Small Antilles are prevailing, the small Antilles - Negro. In most Andean countries, Indians or methuses are dominated, in Argentina. Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica - Spasy-novelist Creoles, and in Brazil Mulatov and Negroes only a little less than "white". For the development of agriculture, two different sectors are characterized: the first sector is a high-pressure, mainly plantation economy, which in many countries has acquired a monoculture character. Second sector - consumer minor agriculture. Peasants engaged in it grow corn, manica, beans, vegetables, potatoes. One of the main reasons for the backwardness of agriculture of the region is to preserve the old forms of land tenure and land use.
Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ISlam-I Jamhuriya-E Pakistan), a state in South Asia, on the Peninsula of the Hubistan. Borders with India, Afghanistan, Iran. Area 796 thousand km2. The population is about 150.64 million people (2003). Enters the Commonwealth. Capital Islamabad. According to the structure of the economy and the level of income Pakistan closer to the countries of Eastern and Southeast Asia, than to India and other Indian states. GNP per capita is $ 470 (1999). More than half of the population is employed in agriculture. Land reforms led to the transition of the main part of the land from landowners to major farmers. In the 1960s After the Green Revolution, Pakistan basically provides themselves with food. After the United States and Thailand, the country is the third rice exporter in the world. Subsidies are sent to an increase in the production of sugarcane. Traditionally, the culture of cotton is traditionally important, but so far its cultivation is not effective enough. The state subsidizes irrigation work. Livestock provides the domestic market of meat and dairy products. Export products - wool and leather. The industrial sector of Pakistan is under state control. A significant part of the enterprises is state, the other part is managed by the state with the help of a complex licensing system and quotas. Using labor laws, health, taxes, the state monitors the provision of affairs in the private sector. The dominant position is occupied by textile industry, leather, pulp and paper, food. With the participation of the USSR near Karachi built a steel plant. Engineering and chemical industry is encouraged.
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, state in south. Asia. The state in Pakistan was established in 1947, but his name was proposed back in 1931. According to the author, it has two decipher. When reading by letters: Penjab, and Afghania (northwestern ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
Pakistan - Support for terrorism is carried out by Pakistan wide scales since the late 1970s. Pakistan supports terrorists operating in Afghanistan, India, Tajikistan, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Bosnia, Philippines, USA, Israel and ... ... Terrorism and terrorists. Historical directory
Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Jamhuyat Islala Pakistan), the state in the south. Asia. 796 thousand km & sup2. Population of 130 million people (1993). Major peoples: Punjabtsy, Sindhi, Pashtun, Beluji. Urban population 32% (1993). Official language of Urdu. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
PAKISTAN - Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Jamhuri Yat Islami Pakistan), state in south. Asia. Pl. 803.9 t. Km2. Us. 89 730 T. 1983). Capital Islamabad (approx. 300 t., 1981). Before independence in 1947, the Colonia of Great Britain as part of ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary
Pakistan - Punjab, Afghanistan, Kashmir + Istan on another version of Punjab, Afghanism (North Western Border Province), Kashmir, Sind, Belukhistan since 1933 Provincial names included in the state of Afghanistan, Pakistan Decoding is considered ... ... Dictionary of contractions and abbreviation
Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the state in South Asia. On the territory of Pakistan, the Eneolytic residues of rural settlements of the 4th 3rd millennium BC were found. e. (Ambe, Rana Ghundai, etc.), regularly planned urban settlement 3 go ... Artistic Encyclopedia.
PAKISTAN - Territory of 796 thousand k.km, population 105 million years old (1990). Pakistan Agrarian country. About 3/5 people are employed in agriculture. The share of agriculture in national income is 2/5. Prealt wheat, rice, cotton, sugar ... World shepherdie
SUT., Number of synonyms: 1 Country (281) Dictionary of Synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Pakistan - (Pakistan), state in south. Asia. After the Great Britain's departure from the Indian subcontinent in 1947 it was created separately. State in P., which included sowing. Zap. and sowing. Vost. Terr. Industan with advantages. Musulm. population. Separation of the subcontinent into two states ... ... The World History
Islamic Republic of Pakistan. 1. General information P. State in South Asia, on S. Z. South Asian subcontinent. On Yu. Z. borders with Iran, at Z. and S. Z. with Afghanistan, at S. V. with the PRC, on V. with India, with Yu ... ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Books
- Pakistan. Help card ,. Pakistan's reference map. Scale 1: 2,500,000. In addition to the main (physical), includes cards: economic (scale 1: 6,000,000) and nation map (scale 1:14,000,000). Common ...
- Pakistan. Directory, ed. Yu.V.Gankovsky, S.F. Elin, V.N. Moskalenko, F.A.Trich. The directory provides information on natural conditions, population, languages, religions, history, economics, culture, state strict, political parties, armed, foreign policy ...
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Islamic Republic of Pakistan English. Islamic Republic Of Pakistan Urdu اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان
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Pakistan flag on the flag: white crescent with a five-pointed white star on a green flag cloth. White vertical stripe in flag tree. Green color symbolizes Muslims living in Pakistan. White color symbolizes non-mumulman. White crescent and five-pointed star symbolize Islam. White crescent personifies progress, and a white star - light and knowledge. The official flag of the country is adopted after the proclamation of independence on August 14, 1947.
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Coat of arms of Pakistan The prevailing color of the coat of arms - green - means the sacred history of Pakistan. Shield - a symbol of agriculture Pakistan, means the wealth of the country's natural resources. The crescent and the star are the main symbols of the Islamic religion, are found everywhere where it is adopted as a state. Floral wreath symbolizes the history of the country. Scroll with the national motto in Urdu, as it is a state in this country. The motto itself is taken from the statement of Mohammed Ali Ginny. Motto: "IMAN, ITEHAD, NAZM (Vera, Unity, Discipline)"
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Form of Board: Presidential and Parliamentary Republic Public Device: The Final Republic of Mixed Type, consisting of 4 provinces
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Currency Currency unit Pakistan - Pakistani Rupee (PKR) 1 Pakistani Rupee This is about 60 Russian kopecks exchange currency in Pakistan in banks, shops and private exchange offices. The most chassis and easy to exchange currency - US dollars, then go euro and British pounds. With the exchange of other currencies may occur. Try to get as many rupees with small bills as possible, because the largest is often not allowed.
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The President is the head of state Pakistan. According to the Constitution, the President is elected by the electoral collegium for a period of five years. The electoral collegium includes deputies of the National Assembly, members of the Senate, as well as parliaments of four provinces. The post of President Pakistan is traditionally only nominal, the real power is in the hands of the Prime Minister. Current President Mamnun Hussein Acting Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
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Pakistan Anthem Kaumi Taran (Urdu قومی ترانہ, Qaumī Tarāna - National Hymn) - State Anthem Pakistan. The music of the anthem was written in 1950 by a member of the Committee on the National Hymn Akbar Mohammed on the words previously created by Jagannat, but was finally approved in 1954 after creating new words. Official text in Urdu: پاک سرزمین شاد باد كشور حسين شاد باد تو نشان ززم گلیشان! ارض پاکستان مرکز یقین شاد باد پاک سرزمین کا نظام قوت اخوت عوام قوم, ملک, سلطنت پائنده تابنده باد شاد باد منزل مراد پرچم ستارہ و ہلال رہبر ترقی و کمال ترجمان ماضی شان حال! جان استقبال سایۂ خدائے ذوالجلال English translation: Blessed be the sacred Land Happy be the bounteous realm Symbol of high resolve Land of Pakistan Blessed be thou, Citadel of Faith The Order of this Sacred Land Is the might of the Brotherhood of the People May the nation , The Country, and the state shine in Glory Everlasting Blessed Be The Goal of Our Ambition This Flag of the Crescent and Star Leads The Way to Progress and Perfection Interpreter of Our Past, Glory of Our Present Inspiration of Our Future Symbol Of The Almighty's Protection
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FGP Pakistan is located in the north-west of South Asia, stretching out from the south-west to the northeast of 1500 km. Within Pakistan, three orothic regions can be distinguished - the plane east, the middle house and the high-mountainous north. In the south, the territory of Pakistan is washed by the waters of the Arabian Sea, forming low, weakly rugged shores. Borders with Afghanistan, India, Iran and China. The main river is ind to the influx of Paddy.
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EGP and PGP EGP Pakistan is not very profitable, because Military tensions on borders with India, strong competition from suppliers of raw materials and agricultural products with neighboring countries. Exit to the Arabian Sea, the most important land trucks contribute to the development of the economy, but only in places located along these highways. Pakistan borders backward (Afghanistan) and developing (Iran, India and China) countries. China enters the SCO. Cachemir captured by India is a hearth conflict. In neighboring Afghanistan, it is also not calm. Pakistan has atomic weapons. There are no foreign bases. Pakistan does not participate in disarmament programs, on the contrary - increases military potential exports - textiles, rice, leather products, carpets. Major buyers - USA 15.8%, Afghanistan 8.1%, UAE 7.9%, China 7.3%, United Kingdom 4.3%, Germany 4.2%. Import - oil, petroleum products, machines, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel, tea. Main suppliers - UAE 16.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.2%, China 11.6%, Kuwait 8.4%, Singapore 7.1%, Malaysia 5%. The city-port - Karachi Pakistan is a developing agrarian-industrial country that is among the eleven countries, which, along with the BRICS countries, have the greatest potential to become one of the world's largest economies in the XXI century. The country's economy is based on the textile industry, the production of leather products, sports goods, chemicals and carpets.
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International organizations and alliances in which Pakistan Pakistan is a member: United Nations (United Nations) of the Commonwealth of Nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) of the Association of Regional Cooperation of South Asia (Sarc) of the Organization of Economic Cooperation (OES) of Asian Clearing Union of group eight developing countries (D-8) of the Asian Parliamentary Assembly (APA) of the ASEAN Regional Forum on Security (ARF) has the status of an observer in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) takes unsuccessful steps to improve their status in ASEAN to full membership of Pakistan leads negotiations on preferential trading in framework WTO, Saapk, OES, D-8 and OIC.
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Pakistan population The population of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is 193,885,498 people. (6th place) population density - 224.9 people / km² Fertility: 5,057,294 people. Mortality: 1 359,079 people. EP: 3 698 215 people. Type of reproduction: 2 Type Men Prevailing Men Age Composition Composition: under 15 years old - 41.8% 15-65 years - 54.5% older than 65 years - s, 7%
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The national composition of Punjabs (over 60%) Pushtuns (over 15%) Sindhi (about 12%) Muhadzhira (about 8%) Belukhi Bragui National composition
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Employment of the population The people-bred population - 46.84 million people. Unemployment - 6.6% in C / x - 44% in industry - 17% in the service sector 39%
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Natural resources The main natural resources of Pakistan are arable land and water. As well as: gas, oil, coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone, etc.
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Textile industry (transport node, big cities, in the centers of ferrous metallurgy, food (consumer, in cities) energy (in raw materials, water, large city, transportation unit) chemical (production of mineral fertilizers, nitrogen, consumer) Mechanical engineering (machine-tool construction, automotive, consumer, major cities) Black metallurgy (in water, between raw materials and fuel, in the cities of ports, transport hub)
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The climate is on most of the country tropical monsoon, in the north-west subtropical, hot and wet all year round. Climate Features: Frequently Good Winds, and in the summer they bring dusty and hot dry air masses from the territory of the desert Registan, Sind, Sith, Harant, Thal, and others, and in winter it is cold from mountain areas. Moisturizing coefficient: less than 1 T Act. : more than 4000 - 8000 with soil: Alluvial, semi-desert serozles, brown, brown forest, subalpine and alpine mountain meadow and meadow-steppe, sandy desert soils and salt marshes. Natural zones: deserts, semi-deserts, high explanations area. Melioration: Widely developed soil flux. The development of irrigation on the plains sharply increased the processes of salinization and fevering soils, as a result of which significant territories are not used annually in agriculture. Natural conditions for C / X
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Livestock: nomadic and semi-oxide pasture, sheep, camel, buffalo, goats Specialization C / x crop production: cotton is the most important technical culture. As well as sugar cane, corn, wheat, graham, barley, oilseeds, rice, jova, bald, tobacco, peanuts, various vegetable crops (onions, potatoes, pepper) and garden (mango, citrus, palm trees, apricots) Cotton plantation
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Environmental problems strong environmental pollution (air, earth and water) exhaustion of natural resources (land and water) deforestation salinization of water bodies Soil degradation Chemical pollution of the area. Problems with garbage
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National Clothing All Pakistanis wear national clothes "Shalvar Camiz" - this is a long shirt and sharovar, for women - shalwars and a long dress. It is necessary that women should be present in clothes - this is a scarf. This is a tribute to the country, the traditions of the oldest. In families with even more stringent traditions (Pashtun) women are obliged to wear a black handkerchief and a black long dress.
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National food National drink - tea ("teas"), which is consumed very strong with a large amount of sugar. In summer, "Lassi" (drink based on yogurt), coconut milk "Nariol-Ka-Dud", as well as sugar cane juice and various fruit drinks. Pakistani cuisine is in many ways similar to Northern India cooking and is only a little big influence of Middle Eastern and Iranian cooking. This is expressed in the abundance of pepper and various seasonings (first of all curry), the wide popularity of the pisel ("Roti", "Chapati", "Parata", "Piet", "Kutluma", "Puri", "NA", etc.) and pies, legumes (especially lentils - "Dhal" or "gave"), all sorts of meat dishes ("Gauche"), spicy vegetables ("Sabzi") and rice ("Chavival"), as well as in a huge variety of sauces, in First of all hot and spicy gravy "Masala". At the same time, like all Muslims, Pakistans refrain from pork and its derivatives.
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Sights of the valley Nilum Valley Nilum is located in the Kashmir region. The view that opens on the valley is so excellent that it is impossible to leave from here, without making a couple of dozen, and then hundreds of photos. High hills on both sides of the Nilum River create a unique atmosphere here, which will not compare with any other place on Earth. Especially beautiful looks the valley in the spring. But in the summer, clean lakes, a stormy river, ringing streams, green trees and mountain rods make the valley simply an excellent place to relax, the main goal of which is contemplating natural beauty and attractions of Pakistan.
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Shandur is the highest golf course in the world. It is located at an altitude of 3810 m above sea level. Every summer, the Polo festival "Shandur" is carried out here, which is going on many people. In winter, here, of course, is surprising due to the fact that the plateau is just not to get to the snowfall. Pass Shandur
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Lahore fortress Building the XII century, who performed the role of the residence of Muhammad Guri. It was at the intersection of paths between Tibet, India and Persion, so it was repeatedly conquered, it was destroyed and rebuilt again. The construction that came to us is a fortress from red sandstone, which was erected on the initiative of Akbar the Great.
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Tomb of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Ginn in the city of Karachi. This is a modern building of the 1960s, made of white marble. Mausoleums consider a sign attraction, one of the symbols of the country. Thousands of Pakistanis are daily to give honor to the founder of their nation. Mausoleum Ginny
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This temple was erected at the means of the King of Saudi Arabia Faisala Ibn Abdel Isiz Saud. More than 120 million dollars were spent on construction. The building does not repeat the traditional canons of Muslim mosques, it is made in a modern style for the project of the Turkish architect Balka. Face Mosque in Islamabad
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Punjab fortress in Islamabad, built by the commander of Sher-Shaha. He served for defense goals from Grozny Hamayun - the second emperor from the Dynasty of the Great Mughal. The Mogolsk army was broken here. The height of the fortress walls is 18 meters, width - almost 12.5 meters. Take the fortress Hamayun never succeeded, the commandant-traitor himself opened the gate to his soldiers. Fortress Roktas
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The majestic medieval fortress in the Hollyna desert. One of Pakistan's brightest attractions. The fortress walls reach a length of almost 30 meters and seem disappearing in heaven. The fort is well preserved, but it is difficult to get and inspect it, as it is removed from cities and foaming routes. Deravar
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One of the popular city attractions include Karachi. The building appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, it served as a residence for a businessman Shiramatan Mohartty and his family. Now the luxurious apartments lead excursions, accompanied by fascinating stories from the life of the former owners. Palace Mohartty
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Remains of the city of ancient and mysterious Harrapian civilization. According to some sources, Mohenjo Daro died about 3.5 thousand years ago as a result of an inexplicable catastrophe. Some researchers even suggest that the buildings and residents were destroyed by the "nuclear explosion", since the destruction is similar to those that were in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ruins Mohenjo Daro
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Public park, which was laid by Emperor Jahangir at the beginning of the XVII century. The ruler built these gardens for his wife Nur Jahan. They are a wonderful monument of the garden art of Mughal - here the waterfalls flow, the decorative ponds are broken, the look will settle the mosques and richly decorated with mosaic marble palaces. Gardens Shalimimar
Economic and geographical location of Pakistan
The official name of the state is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is located in South Asia within the Industan Peninsula.
The country's land borders pass with India, Afghanistan, Iran, China.
Among these countries, China and India relate to sufficiently developed Asian states, the exceptions are developing Iran and undeveloped and poor Afghanistan.
In the south, the country is washed by the Arabian Sea.
The land routes passing through this Islamic Republic connect it with European and Asian countries, and through the Arabian Sea, the world's largest freight traffic from the Persian Gulf countries.
In an economic and geographical plan, this is an important geopolitical advantage of the country, because it is the transit of energy resources through its territory.
From the geographical point of view, the position of Pakistan, located near the Persian Gulf energy resources, make this position extremely significant for the PRC with its rapidly developing economies.
For Pakistan, an economic factor has the greatest meaning. The country gets necessary for the modernization of the machine and equipment from China, departing, in turn, raw materials and agricultural products.
Note 1.
If you consider Pakistan on the structure of the economy and the level of income, it will be much closer to the countries of Eastern and Southeast Asia, rather than other Industrial countries.
The region increases the military presence of the United States, the military bases of which are stationed in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iraq.
A rapidly developing India claims to dominate South Asia and gradually gets closer to the United States. These circumstances occurring near Chinese borders cause his concern, so to restrain India, China relies on Pakistan.
The main export goods for the country are cotton fabrics, knitwear, bed linen, rice, towels, cement, jewelry.
There are large potential opportunities for increasing the export of cotton, milk, wheat, rice, meat.
The main partners of Pakistan are the USA and the countries of the European Union.
As a result of the provision of India's British India in 1947, it was divided into two states on the religious and communal principle - India and Pakistan. A similar section of the parties did not satisfy, because Pakistan was moved back in industrial areas.
Pakistan until 1971 consisted of two perfectly broken parts - West Pakistan and East Pakistan.
The war arising between the countries led to the Department of Eastern Pakistan, on the spot of which an independent state of Bangladesh was formed.
For more than 50 years, the conflict of India and Pakistan lasts on the issue of Kashmir, and in 1947-1948. Countries were on the verge of war.
Note 2.
When UN mediation in 1972, a demarcation line was carried out. Under the administration of India, the southeastern regions of Kashmir remained, and the rest of the territory is under the control of Pakistan.
With a low level of economic development, Pakistan occupies a favorable geographical location, being at the intersection of transport routes between the West and East.
The close location of the country to the resources of the Persian Gulf and the exit to the Arabian Sea allows you to develop economic ties not only with the countries of this region, but also with African and European states.
Natural conditions of Pakistan
The relief of Pakistan is represented by large orographic areas - indie plains, as well as mountains and elevations of the Iranian Hinda, Hindukusch system, Himalayas.
At the site of the Indian Plain was once the regional deflection, and today the large stocks of hydrocarbons are associated with it. Plain stretches from the foot of Himalayas to the Arabian Sea by 1200 km.
This alluvial plain of the tropical belt with a monotonous flat relief is below 200 m. Three parts are allocated in it:
- Panza in the north formed by the five influx of Inde
- Sind is the second part on the average and lower course of Inde;
- Tar is the desert to the east of Sinda with dunes, vegans, sandy ridges.
Gindukush ridges with the top of the Tirichmir (7690 m) come to the limits of Pakistan in the north (7690 m), and from the northeastern side, the Western sings of the Himalayas come.
In the West of the country, the Plateau and the Mountains of Beloohistan are located, which are part of the Iranian highlands, with heights of 2000-2500 m. Frequent natural disasters are connected with mountains - avalanches, villain floods, stonepads, glacier pulsations. There are areas seismically dangerous.
The climate of the country has a strong influence of monsoons. Most of the territory is located in a tropical climatic belt, the northwest of the country lies in the dry subtropical and only in the mountains it becomes more humid.
The January average temperature on the plains + 12.5 ... + 17.5 degrees, and the July + 30 ... + 35 degrees.
Frosts occur in the mountains even in the summer months. The precipitates fall out unevenly - in Beloohistan and in the Indus valley drops less than 200 mm, in the desert Tar - less than 100 mm, in the north-west of the country, their number increases to 1000 mm, and in Sinda not more than 125 mm.
On the summer monso period accounts for the maximum amount of precipitation. For the plain territories, the drought is characterized, because moisture evaporates 15-20 times more than it falls.
Natural resources Pakistan
In the depths of Pakistan, the minerals of sedimentary origin - hydrocarbons, stone salt, coal.
Gas reserves were divorced in 1952 in Beloohistan, and then in Punjab and Cinda.
Petroleum fields were found before the First World War, and today there are 7 fields in operation.
Coal deposits for reserves are small, but numerous - deposits of the Salo Ridge, Belukhistan. Salt Range with its name must be rich in stained salt reserves. Salt layers of 1500 square meters. km.
Chromites are known from ore minerals, whose deposits are located in the Zhob and Loralan river basin. There are ores manganese, copper and lead, arsenic, magnesite, uranium ore.
Plaster, limestone, phosphorites, fluorite, sulfur, precious and semi-precious stones are extracted.
The soil of Pakistan is diverse - fertile alluvial formed in river valleys in the Indian Plain, in interflunes - semi-desert serozoes. In the mountains, the soil change occurs with a height - brown forest, subalpine and alpine mountain meadow and meadow-steppe come to the change of chestnuts.
In Beloohistan, the soil sandy deserted and salt marshes, salt marshes formed in the south of Sinda, and in the desert Tar - fruitless sands.
From large rivers can be called ind, most of the rivers of the countries are its tributaries. In the western part of Pakistan, the river flows either in the Arabian Sea, or are selfless.
Summer flood is usually characteristic of large rivers, the causes of which are monsoon rains and melting glaciers in the mountains.
The vegetation cover is mainly deserted and semi-desert, mangrove thickets appear in the Indus delta and on the coast of the Arabian Sea. In the mountains of Beloohistan, rare pistachios and Archi. The national symbol of Pakistan is a vintage goat.