Hamburg has a neighborhood called HafenCity. It is unique for its architecture, which has no analogues in the world. HafenCity arose on a former port area of about 155 hectares. Investment in construction exceeded one billion euros. As conceived by the builders, all buildings in the area should be of a futuristic design. To date, only the western part of the district has been built up, and the completion of the project is planned for 2025. Now this area has a reputation of an elite, housing is not cheap, and the city center is very close. Highly interesting area, which should be devoted to him a separate walk.
But I wanted to show you one simple and clever parking solution. Do you see those houses on the left, which are "on chicken legs"? There is a parking space under the houses.
This is what this space looks like. At first glance, there are two parking spaces. But if you look closely, you will notice that the car is on a movable platform. There is another space under it, about two and a half meters high. The entire platform can be lifted up so that the bottom is level with the level of the paving slabs, so that the car can drive in. The platform is then lowered to allow two more vehicles to park.
Weight restrictions:
This is the simplest mechanism. The manufacturer of these pieces has more interesting designs for automated parking:
I just want to put one of these in our yard and stake out one place for my car :)
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One of the main problems for motorists in Moscow is where to park, especially in the center. In Europe, there are enough paid parking lots in the city center, whole buildings are allocated for this, we have a parking building, I know only on Ilyinka. One of the options for solving this problem is the construction of multi-storey automated parking lots. One such parking has already been installed in Moscow on Akademika Korolev Street, chistoprudov yesterday and visited.
The main advantage of the parking is the ability to accommodate 34 or more cars on an area of just over 100 square meters.
The MAP building consists of metal frame, the elements of which are supplied in the form of prefabricated block structures and are easily assembled according to the constructor principle, without requiring welding. The frame elements are fastened using bolted connections.
The most important design advantage of MAC is its record-breaking short assembly time. It takes no more than 30-35 days from the start of installation to the launch of MAC.
Depending on the height (22 - 28 meters), the tower can consist of 6 - 14 levels (floors) and can accommodate from 22 to 54 cars. MAP towers can be freely combined with other objects and with each other, attached to the ends of existing buildings, to the blank walls of residential buildings, partially or completely embedded in designed and existing buildings and structures, as well as buried in the ground to any number of floors.
When crossing the entrance to the parking lot, the driver takes the card. At the very end, you will see how this shot turned out. 
The vehicle is lifted using interchangeable movable pallets mounted on a lifting and lowering mechanism consisting of a rectangular platform with a 360º swiveling middle part. 
The operator can control the parking both through a computer and through a touch screen. 
Entry and exit of the car is carried out from the first level. On each floor of the MAC, starting from the 2nd, you can place 4 cars, on the first - 2. Also, on the first floor there are rooms for the operator, the client, an automatic fire extinguishing system and a switchboard. 
The platform is lifted by four synchronous electric motors installed in upper parts bearing supports MAC. 
Arrangement of cars is carried out on 4 sides. The ascent and descent time of one car does not exceed 50 seconds. 
First, the system picks up an empty pallet, then the platform lowers down, where a car drives into it. The driver exits, then everything is done automatically. The platform rises to the desired floor and unloads the vehicle into a free space. 
MAP is equipped with heat and water supply systems. In winter, the building maintains a temperature of more than + 5 ° C at an outside air temperature of -35 ° C. 
In the event of a regular power outage, the car is handed over to the client in emergency mode. 
The platform is capable of lifting machines up to 2700 kg. 
The first for the level is designed for parking SUVs and minivans. 
On the right is a diesel generator. In the event of a power outage, he will help unload the entire parking lot in 30 minutes. 
After payment, the driver can leave. 
The removal of melt and rainwater from the roof of the module takes place through storm drains located inside the MAC. In addition, a system for collecting liquids flowing from cars is equipped. 
And I shoot this from the roof.))) The picture was taken
From the point of view of profitability, parking is more attractive, office, retail and residential real estate (see). There are several reasons for this:
- the number of cars per capita is growing faster than the population;
- parking spaces are cheaper than apartments and offices in business centers;
- unlike apartments, offices and retail premises, parking spaces do not require repair and periodic replacement of plumbing, etc.;
- parking customers are constantly changing, so problems with defaulters are minimal;
- paperwork for the purchase and sale of parking spaces does not require a presence on site, which in some cases significantly reduces costs.
At the same time, this area of investment has its drawbacks. Among them, the main one is the strong dependence of the flow of parking customers on economic situation... During periods of crises, business activity, attendance at sports and shopping centers, passenger traffic, etc. drop. Accordingly, parking spaces are often empty and cease to generate income. In addition, recently there has been a tendency to artificially restrict car traffic by city authorities in large cities... One of the most effective measures in the complex of relevant measures is the transfer of an increasing number of parking lots to the paid category and an increase in the cost of a parking space. Because of this, many low-income motorists are forced to restrict car travel, which leads to a decrease in demand for parking.
Parking investments in Europe
In European countries, the experience of creating and operating paid parking lots is much greater than in Russia. In addition to the fact that European parking lots are interesting in themselves as objects for investment, it is easier to study the phenomenon itself with all its pros and cons using their example. In Europe, the annual investment in parking is about 1.5 billion euros, with revenues of 45 billion euros. In total, there are more than 400 million parking spaces in the countries of the European Union, they belong to 5 categories in descending order of number:
- Residential & work private property - private residential and work parking lots. There are more than 150 million of them. These parking lots are privately owned, not used on a paid basis and private operators are not allowed on them.
- On-street public space - street public parking. There are approximately 130 million of them. Anyone can use these parking lots. Some of them are paid, but private operators are practically not allowed to visit them. This is due to the fact that such parking lots are of very important social importance and are created at the expense of the municipal authorities.
- Open-air public space - open public parking lots (over 100 million). Among them there are both paid and free ones. Private operators operate the paid ones in many cases.
- Floors of shops and offices - parking for visitors to shopping and office centers. There are about 30 million of them. Such parking lots are almost always operated by private operators.
- Purpose built car parks are commercial parking lots specifically designed to generate income. This type of parking is the smallest (about 10 million). They are the main investment targets.
The profitability of parking lots depends to a large extent on their location. The most profitable parking lots are near airports. They bring in an average of 1200 euros per year. The lowest-income ones are located near cultural sites and residential buildings (100 euros per year or less). Investing in parking lots is possible in two ways:
- investing in special funds that acquire a large number of parking spaces for the purpose of subsequent leasing;
- purchase of parking lots from companies that deal with their equipment for subsequent sale.
As the price of land rises, so does the cost of creating a parking space. For example, in London the average price of one seat is in the range of 30-40 thousand pounds (about 3000k rubles). At the same time, paid parking is not popular with the absolute majority of the population. The average London family spends £ 50 a year on parking. This is not a very large amount, but for many families the costs are many times higher.
Parking near airports is especially popular. Not everyone is ready to use taxi services, as it is expensive. For example, travel from central London to Heathrow and Gatwick airports cost between £ 45 and £ 75. The first day in the paid parking of the airport costs 20 pounds, and every subsequent day - 15. Therefore, when going on a trip for a few days, it is more profitable to put your own car in a paid parking lot.
Recently, I have often come across offers to invest in parking at London and Glasgow airports, and on the Internet. The arguments of such intermediaries seem to be very convincing:
- the flow of passengers is constantly growing, and there are very few parking spaces;
- as long as the transaction is possible online, there is no need for a personal presence;
- if the parking space is bought out, income from renting it out begins to flow immediately;
- the investor does nothing, he just rents out the parking lot to the management company.
Advertising for parking lots at Gatwick Airport is especially active. Attempts to find reviews of at least one real investor in British parking near airports have not yet been crowned with success. But this is not necessary. In 2014, an oil field was discovered under the airport, the reserves of which are estimated at 100 billion barrels. This is more than 2 times the volume of oil produced in the North Sea over the entire time. The owner of Gatwick Airport, BAA Limited, has decided to gradually dismantle the airport, especially given the growing importance of another London airport, Stansted. Thus, aggressive parking advertisements in Gatwick are no longer relevant.
It is extremely doubtful that some sites offer several dozen parking spaces for 20-25 thousand pounds at their cost price 1.5 times more. In addition, the constant confusion in numbers (profitability, cost of parking), which is shown by intermediary companies (such as Parking Invest and Dom International), does not add any weight to this idea.
How are things in Russia?
What about investing in Russian parking lots? Let's consider the situation on the example of St. Petersburg and Moscow. As you know, investing in a property is profitable before its commissioning. If we compare equal investments in residential real estate and in parking, then the second option, in the general case, turns out to be more attractive. The calculations below are based on average St. Petersburg prices excluding various negative factors.
| Initial cost, thousand rubles | Cost after commissioning, thousand rubles | Forecasted profit, thousand rubles | |
| 1 room apartment | 3000 | 3700 | 700 |
| 1 parking space in the parking lot | 500 | 650 | 150 |
| 6 parking spaces | 3000 | 3900 | 900 |
But this table shows the profit that can be obtained after the sale of these properties. At the same time, for many investors the rental option is more interesting. The number of cars per capita in Russia continues to grow, and therefore the demand for parking is growing at a faster pace than the demand for housing. Let us now compare these types of real estate in terms of profitability in the case of renting out.
| Forecasted profit per month, rubles | Forecasted profit per year, rubles | Payback period of the investment, years | |
| Apartment | 20000 | 240000 | 12 |
| 1 parking space in the parking lot | 5000 | 60000 | 8,3 |
| 6 parking spaces | 30000 | 360000 | 8,3 |
And in this case, parking is more profitable for investment. In addition, a number of factors are not taken into account here. For example, to rent out an apartment, you first need to furnish it with furniture and household appliances, and this also requires expenses. Often houses are commissioned in such a way that repairs must be made before moving in. Therefore, investments in parking lots often turn out to be even more profitable relative to apartments.
In addition, if a floor or a view from the window may not suit the tenant, then the main thing for parking is proximity to certain objects and safety. In addition, measures are constantly being tightened in relation to parking in the wrong place, up to the evacuation of a car to a parking lot, which is especially painful for business people, because takes a lot of time. It should also be borne in mind that during 2015 alone in St. Petersburg it was planned to demolish at least 25 thousand garages in order to free up space for housing construction.
The situation with parking lots in Moscow and the Moscow region is becoming more complicated. The price bubble in the real estate market has not spared parking. According to current regulations, each residential building to be erected must be equipped with a certain number of parking spaces. But at the moment in Moscow, about 30% of them are empty, which is explained by too high prices. In the Moscow region, the share of empty parking spaces in new buildings even reaches 70%. The most low prices sales of one parking space are only slightly below 1 million rubles, but more often the prices significantly exceed this figure, reaching 5 million. Here are the approximate prices for parking spaces in Moscow (taken from the Miel-Novostroyki website):
We must also take into account that operating costs are 500-600 rubles. per month for one parking space. The situation created by the representatives of the developers is usually explained as follows. In many cases, regulations for the creation of parking spaces are very difficult to implement in practice.
Land for surface parking is sorely lacking, and the equipment of underground parking dramatically increases the burden on investors, which affects the price. For example, deepening one tier underground is 10-12% more expensive than surface parking, and the third tier is 40-45% more expensive. As a result, developers are often unable to sell parking spaces even at cost. In areas that the paid parking zone has not yet reached, there is no incentive to purchase such parking spaces yet. According to the current standards (MGSN 1.01-99) for the economy class there should be at least 1 parking space for each apartment, while for the business class there should already be 2. The developers reimburse the costs of their equipment due to the rise in the price of apartments.
Do these facts mean that investing in Moscow parking lots is futile? The question is far from simple. On the one hand, such an investment will probably not pay off within a few years. On the other hand, on the outskirts, where there is still enough space for ground parking, the situation is changing rapidly and over time there will be a similar shortage of space as it happened in more populated areas. This means that prices will inevitably rise, and the gradual expansion of the paid parking zone will force car owners to abandon the practice of leaving a car anywhere.
One of the pressing problems modern city associated with the rapid growth of motorization is the development of storage points Vehicle... According to statistics, personal cars are on the road for an average of 1-2 hours, and at 22-23 hours they stand in parking lots or streets, cluttering the streets and hindering the work of public transport. If we take into account the fact that private cars in large cities, such as Moscow, account for about 60-65% of the total passenger car fleet, they basically determine the basic need for space for garages and parking lots. For example, in Los Angeles, the area occupied by parking garages and streets is about 65% of the total city area.
Parking lots are places for short-term storage of cars. They can be underground, semi-underground and aboveground. The cost of building underground and semi-underground parking lots is 2.5-3 times higher than the cost of overground ones. In addition, they are more difficult to construct and require significant relocation of existing underground networks.
Above-ground parking lots differ in their purpose from garages. Garages are structures for long-term parking and car repairs, with closed and heated rooms, the necessary equipment and workshops. Garages are designed according to special standards. Parking lots are intended only for parking cars without their maintenance and repair. The main requirement for short-term parking, in contrast to permanent garages, is the need to provide drivers with easier entry and parking conditions, quick and smooth exit from the parking lot.
The most widespread in world practice are overground multi-storey car parks of the ramp type. Such parking lots are distinguished by their economy, relative ease of construction, short construction times, as well as the possibility of increasing the capacity by arranging superstructures. The first multi-storey ramp car parks appeared in the United States in 1935.
Space-planning solutions for ramp parking are very diverse and depend on their purpose, capacity, configuration, type of ramps. They are located at a short distance from important urban centers and main streets within walking distance. In many cases, multi-storey elevated car parks are independent engineering structures (Fig. 1). It is considered optimal to arrange parking lots with six to seven floors with a building width of 16-17 m, and the utilization rate of the building area is about 62%.
Rice. 1.
In parking lots of large capacity (up to 9000 cars) and number of storeys, spiral ramps are most often used (see Fig. 1). The space inside the ramp can be used to accommodate elevators and stairwells.
The largest car parks, designed with half-ramps, have a capacity of up to 1600 cars. The use of half ramps in parking lots with offset ceilings (Fig. 2) makes it possible to reduce the time it takes to put the car in place, as well as to use relatively small areas for the construction of parking lots. The half-ramp slope is 14-16%. Half-ramps are one or two lanes wide.
Rice. 2. Parking lot scheme with semi-frame and mixed floors: - floors; 2 - half-frames
Parking lots of small capacity (up to 1000 cars) are built with inclined ceilings with a slope of 3 to 6% (Fig. 3.3). With such a system, the most complete use of the parking area is ensured, but the movement of the car inside it is lengthened.
Rice. 3. Parking lot scheme with sloped floors: 1 - sloped floors
Parking lots with straight ramps are the least widespread. In some cases, a combination is used individual types ramp. For example, the combination of spiral ramps and half ramps allows you to take advantage of both.
According to the configuration of the plan of one floor of parking lots, they can be rectangular, round or of another shape. With the round shape of the parking building, it fits more easily into the urban environment and can be varied and expressive. The rectangular shape of the parking plan allows for efficient use of standard structural elements. Constructive solutions for parking lots are distinguished by a well-known variety. Reinforced concrete is mainly used as a building material, which meets the requirements of fire resistance and corrosion resistance to the greatest extent. In a number of countries, standard precast concrete structures have been developed for parking lots. The building of car parks is most often formed from columns, T-beams of floors, foundation blocks, as well as elements of ramps, lift shafts, wall enclosures, etc. On prefabricated floor beams, a layer of monolithic concrete with a thickness of 0.1 m is sometimes arranged.
In foreign practice, prestressed columns are used with a length equal to the height of the parking lot building. In fig. 3.4 presents the main parameters of the building of the parking lot from precast reinforced concrete unified elements. The building frame is formed of T-shaped cantilever frames. The height of the storey is taken to be 2.8 m with a distance from the floor to the bottom of the floor beams of 2.2 m. The cantilever frames with overhangs of 3.0 and 4.5 m are joined together by welding the reinforcement outlets with the subsequent grouting of the joints.
In the construction of parking lots, in a number of cases, prefabricated spatial elements were used. So, for example, in the USA prefabricated elements have been developed, consisting of two parallel U-shaped prestressed frames, united on top by a plate. The length of the element is 17.4 m and its height corresponds to the height of the parking floor. The connection of the spatial blocks is carried out in the vertical direction using strands of steel wire, passed through the channels provided in the frame posts.
Rice. 4. The main parameters of a car park made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements: a - with external lightweight walls with vehicle dimensions of 4.11.6 m; b - without external walls with a vehicle size of 4.81.8 m
Parking lots are also built from metal structures. In this case, in most cases, rolled steel is used. The slabs are made in the form of trusses with a triangular lattice. In recent years, weather-resistant steel has been used for the construction of parking lots in various countries, which reduces operating costs. It is possible to combine metal and reinforced concrete elements in the structure of a multi-storey car park.
Metal elements are very effective in the construction of collapsible parking lots. Such buildings are being erected on sites designated in the future for other structures. At the same time, structural elements have bolted connections. Erection of structures is usually carried out in spatial blocks, within each of which two cars can be installed and a lane for passage is provided (Fig. 5).
To protect multi-storey metal parking lots from fire, cladding with asbestos is used.
There are examples of the use of reinforced concrete collapsible parking lots. The connection of the elements to each other is ensured by high-strength bolts.
Multi-storey car parks can be combined into a single structure with any building. Multi-storey car parks are often part of the buildings of the railway, aviation or sea terminals. Sometimes they are erected above metro stations, connecting the parking lot with metro platforms with lifts. Multi-storey car parks can be part of large hotels or multi-storey residential buildings, as well as part of industrial and administrative buildings, or surround sports facilities. For the construction of multi-storey car parks or garages, the space under the overpasses of approaches to high bridges is often used.
Rice. 5.
In dense urban development with narrow streets, it becomes necessary to construct parking lots in limited areas. In this regard, mechanized parking lots have become widespread, making it possible to use up to 80% of the building area for parking lots. Compared to ramp, mechanized parking has a number of advantages. If the height of the ramp parking is limited to six or seven floors, then the mechanized ones can have a height of 30 floors, since the cars are lifted by elevators. The height of the tiers can be reduced as the driver does not enter the parking area.
Air pollution from exhaust gases in ramp parking is very significant, and in mechanized parking, the car is delivered to the parking lot with the engine turned off, and no special air ventilation is required.
The high cost of equipping parking lots of this type is offset by relatively low construction costs. In addition, in mechanized parking lots, the number of maintenance personnel is significantly reduced, and installation of a car in place takes on average 1 minute.
There are several types of mechanized parking. The raising and lowering of vehicles is carried out using elevators or a laternoster (a lift based on the use of a continuous chain). The latter type has a very low efficiency and therefore is not widely used. The most widely used system is based on a combination of vertical movement of cars on an elevator with its subsequent horizontal movement on carts without a driver (Fig. 6, a). The capacity of this type of parking is usually less than 500 cars. In the central part of the parking building there is a shaft with a lift, and on the sides there are parking boxes. The shaft houses one or more car lifts. Structurally, mechanized parking lots of this type are simple and allow the use of prefabricated elements.
Rice. 6. Mechanized parking lots schemes: 1 - boxes; 2 - lift platform with a car; 3 - cart; 4 - turntable
In the plan, the building of the mechanized parking lot can be round (Fig. 3.6, b). At the same time, two or three vehicles are simultaneously lifted. The lift is equipped with a turntable, the car is automatically fed to the parking place on a special trolley and the trolley is returned to the lift.
With a rectangular shape of the building plan, the car, raised to the corresponding floor, moves on a trolley first along the floor, and then is put into the desired box (Fig. 6, b).
Mechanized parking lots can have independent buildings, or they can be built into other structures, for example, into administrative buildings.
Due to the constantly growing level of motorization, the provision of the designed objects with the required number of parking spaces has become an important task for the architect.
SP 42.13330.2011 SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements "sets the level of motorization 350 passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants, including 3 - 4 taxis and 2 - 3 departmental cars. Therefore, the number of individual passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants is 343 passenger cars.
The actual level of motorization is even higher: 400-600 vehicles per 1000 inhabitants.
In terms of requirements for quantity and placement, parking spaces can be divided into 3 types:
parking spaces for permanent storage of individual vehicles- for the stay of vehicles belonging to the permanent population of the city, at the place of registration of vehicles;
temporary storage spaces- for temporary stay in the parking lots of vehicles belonging to visitors of objects of various functional purposes;
guest storage parking spaces- designed for the parking of passenger cars of visitors to residential areas.
Quantity parking spaces for permanent storage individual vehicles are determined based on the level of motorization. At least 90% of parking spaces for permanent storage of individual vehicles must be located within walking distance. Walking distance garages and open parking lots - no more than 800 m, and in areas of reconstruction or with unfavorable hydrogeological conditions - no more than 1500 m.
Quantity parking spaces for temporary storage can be determined in two ways, depending on the tasks of the calculation.
To determine the enlarged indicators of the joint venture 42.13330.2011 “SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements ”gives an enlarged coefficient - not less than 70% of the estimated fleet of individual cars.
For each specific object, the number of temporary storage parking spaces can be calculated according to Appendix K SP 42.13330.2011 “SNiP 2.07.01-89 * Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements ":
Standards for calculating parking lots
| Recreational areas, recreation facilities, buildings and structures | Unit of account | Number of parking spaces per unit of account |
| Recreational areas and recreation facilities | ||
| Beaches and parks in recreation areas | 15-20 | |
| Forest parks and reserves | Also | 7-10 |
| Short-term recreation centers (sports, ski, fishing, hunting, etc.) | « | 10-15 |
| Coastal bases of small size fleet | « | 10-15 |
| Rest houses and sanatoriums, sanatorium-preventoriums, recreation centers of enterprises and tourist centers | 100 vacationers and staff | 3-5 |
| Hotels (tourist and resort) | Also | 5-7 |
| Motels and campsites | « | By design capacity |
| Public catering, trade and public services in recreation areas | 100 seats in halls or one-time visitors and staff | 7-10 |
| Horticultural partnerships | 10 sites | 7-10 |
| Buildings and constructions | ||
| Management institutions, financial and legal institutions, values: | ||
| republican | 100 employees | 10-20 |
| local | Also | 5-7 |
| Scientific and design organizations, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions | « | 10-15 |
| Industrial enterprises | 100 workers in two adjacent shifts | 7-10 |
| Hospitals | 100 beds | 3-5 |
| Polyclinics | 100 visits | 2-3 |
| Sports buildings and facilities with stands with a capacity of more than 500 spectators | 100 seats | 3-5 |
| Theaters, circuses, cinemas, concert halls, museums, exhibitions | 100 places or one-time visitors | 10-15 |
| Parks of culture and rest | 100 one-time visitors | 5-7 |
| Shopping centers, department stores, shops with more than 200 sales areas | 100 retail space | 5-7 |
| Markets | 50 trading places | 20-25 |
| Restaurants and cafes of city-wide significance | 100 seats | 10-15 |
| Top-class hotels | Also | 10-15 |
| Other hotels | « | 6-8 |
| Stations of all types of transport | 100 long-distance and local passengers arriving during rush hour | 10-15 |
| Terminal (peripheral) and zone stations of high-speed passenger transport | 100 passengers during rush hour | 5-10 |
Distance pedestrian approaches from parking lots for temporary storage passenger cars differs depending on the purpose of the object:
to the entrances to residential buildings -100 m;
to the passenger premises of railway stations, entrances to the places of large trade and public catering establishments - 150 m;
to other institutions and enterprises serving the population and administrative buildings - 250 m,
to the entrances to parks, exhibitions and stadiums - 400 m.
Quantity guest storage parking spaces normative and technical documents do not establish individual vehicles. However, it can be established by the Local Urban Design Standards for each city separately.
It should be noted that Local urban design codes may contain stricter requirements to the provision and placement of parking spaces: a higher level of motorization, smaller radii of pedestrian accessibility, higher standards for the provision of parking spaces for temporary and guest storage.
In some regions, there may be requirements for the placement of a certain percentage of parking spaces strictly within the boundaries land plot object.
Parking spaces required place in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 "Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other facilities", containing regulatory gaps from parking lots and parking garages to buildings for various purposes and recreation areas.
The gap from the storage facilities for light vehicles to construction sites
| Objects to which the gap is calculated | Distance, m | ||||
| Open parking lots and parking lots with a capacity, car spaces | |||||
| 10 or less | 11-50 | 51-100 | 101-300 | over 300 | |
| Facades of residential buildings and ends with windows | 10 | 15 | 25 | 35 | 50 |
| The ends of residential buildings without windows | 10 | 10 | 15 | 25 | 35 |
| Territories of schools, childcare facilities, vocational schools, technical schools, areas for recreation, games and sports, children's | 25 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Territories of medical institutions of stationary type, outdoor sports facilities common use, places of recreation for the population (gardens, squares, parks) | 25 | 50 | by calculations | by calculations | by calculations |
In this case, you should pay attention to the notes:
For guest parking lots of residential buildings, gaps are not established.
The gap from ground parking garages, closed-type parking lots accepted based on calculation results dispersion of pollutants in the ambient air and levels of physical impact - therefore, can be reduced relative to the standard.
Above-ground parking garages, parking lots, parking lots with a capacity over 500 m / m should be to be located on the territory of industrial and communal storage areas.
The gap from the territories of underground parking garages is not limited... Requirements attributed to underground garages apply to placement bunded parking garages.
For underground, semi-underground and bunded parking garages regulated only distance from entry-exit and from ventilation shafts to the territory of schools, preschool institutions, medical institutions, residential buildings, recreation areas, etc., which should be not less than 15 meters.
In the case of placing underground, semi-underground and bunded parking garages in a residential building, the distance from the entrance-exit to the residential building is not regulated. The sufficiency of the gap is substantiated by calculations of atmospheric air pollution and acoustic calculations.
On the operated roof of the underground parking garage, it is allowed to place recreation areas, children's, sports, play and other facilities, at a distance of 15 m from ventilation shafts, entrances-exits, driveways, provided that the operated roof is greened and the MPC is ensured at the mouth of the emission into the atmosphere.
Vent discharges from underground parking garages located under residential and public buildings should be organized 1.5 m above the ridge of the roof of the highest part of the building.
Gap from vehicle passages from parking garages, parking lots, parking lots to standardized objects must be at least 7 meters.
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