Everything is learned in comparison - probably, the compilers of the first ratings adopted this idea. And they began to compose them in the United States in the middle of the 19th century. According to historians, businessman Lewis Tappan, who went bankrupt after the economic crisis, decided to create an agency to identify the reliability of companies and banks. Based on financial documents, interviews with employees, government officials and even local residents, specialists made a conclusion about the solvency of a particular company. The rating was sold to interested parties. The idea was taken up by other agencies. A century later, world ratings appeared. At first they were only economic, later sociological. Countries are now assessed according to a variety of indicators. For example, according to the index of happiness or human development.
What is the role of country ratings in modern times and what do they reflect
“They say that numbers rule the world. No, they only show how they rule the world, ”the statement of Johann Wolfgang Goethe may well become the motto of a reputable rating agency. Its specialists compare digital series reflecting different indicators in order to ultimately find out which country is the leader and which is the outsider of the world economy and politics.
Global rankings help you compare life in different countriesA rating is an assessment (from the English word rate - to evaluate), which shows the place of a country (or other object) by any criterion. When it comes to territory, population, most economic indicators, the basis of the assessment is made up of exact numbers. If the rating affects sociological aspects, for example, happiness or well-being of people, special formulas are used for the calculation, including several criteria.
Economic ratings of countries help to assess how beneficial cooperation with foreign partners will be, whether it is worth making investments, which business will develop better. Social ratings most often answer one question, formulated in different ways: which country is better off.
Ratings that are based on multiple indicators, such as the happiness index, are often biased However, not all methods of compiling world rankings provide reliable information. It turned out that data can be manipulated in the interests of some companies and even countries, and estimates do not keep pace with changes in the economy. According to experts, mistakes have become especially frequent in connection with the latest economic crisis. For example, the rating agencies were unable to predict the collapse of the US real estate market and the bankruptcy of some international corporations.
Depending on where the information was obtained from, the ratings can be conditionally divided into three groups:
- based on data from official bodies (in Russia - Rosstat, Rospotrebnadzor, labor inspection, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Internal Affairs and others);
- information from unofficial sources;
- targeted polls of citizens.
The ratings, commissioned by the UN, WHO and other international organizations, show what problems exist in a particular country. The most respected international rating agencies are Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and Fitch. In Russia, one of the first to start mastering this type of activity was the weekly "Expert", a special service was created there. Later it was joined by the National Rating Agency, RosBusinessConsulting, AK&M, Rus-Rating. However, so far the Russian ratings have not won international credibility.
World famous American writer Mark Twain said: "There are three kinds of lies: lies, blatant lies and statistics." Rating is also a product of statistics. Therefore, when looking at country assessments, it is important to know on the basis of what information they were derived and what factors were taken into account. However, agencies do not always disclose their sources and honestly talk about calculation methods. And this raises doubts about the reliability of the rating. In addition, the position of a country on the list has been influenced by politics lately. Sometimes amazing results are obtained, which are difficult to believe even if you want to. In some cases, it is impossible to make an objective assessment, because there is no complete information picture. So ratings, especially complex, multicomponent ratings, should be treated with a grain of salt.
Video: Israelis disagree with their country's place in the ranking of the American magazine
Current country rankings
Global rankings are often compiled at the initiative of international organizations. It depends on the company or agency that fulfills the order, where this or that country will be. In one-component ratings, discrepancies are rare. Although there are. For example, in the international ranking of states in terms of territory, the annexation of Crimea to Russia is not taken into account. There are especially many inconsistencies in ratings based on several criteria. There is no single assessment methodology. The most striking examples are the definition of the standard of living or the index of happiness.
Recently, ratings have become popular that assess not economic, but social and even emotional indicators. By standard of living
This ranking is based on a number of economic and social indicators. The main ones are the development of the economy, education, health care, citizens' incomes and prices for goods and services, security, and ensuring freedoms. Often, compilers consider such concepts as standard of living, well-being and prosperity as synonyms. A high position in the rating does not at all mean that everyone, without exception, lives equally well in the country. And low - does not always show that the country is unfit for life.
New Zealand Voted Most Prosperous Country of 2017 by Legatum Prosperity Index Legatum Prosperity Index has compiled a ranking of countries' prosperity in 2016–2017. The prosperity index is calculated according to 9 criteria:
- the state of the economy;
- conditions for business;
- public administration;
- quality and accessibility of education;
- development of medicine;
- criminal situation;
- personal freedom;
- social potential;
- ecological situation.
The Legatum Prosperity Index includes 149 countries. The top 20 in terms of living standards have not changed significantly for several years. They only move from position to position. In the latest ranking, New Zealand has the highest prosperity index. Great Britain improved its score by 5 points. The USA and Denmark lost 6 lines each. And Finland has also strengthened its position.
Prosperity Index is not only about economics and public administration, but also personal freedom The top 20 prosperous countries include New Zealand, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, Germany, Luxembourg, Ireland, Iceland, Austria, Belgium, USA, France, Singapore, Slovenia. Spain and Japan fell slightly short of the top twenty.
Most of the countries of the former socialist bloc are in the middle of the list and towards the end. Russia and Ukraine, in comparison with the previous year, dropped by 37 points, they occupy 95 and 107 positions in the rating.
Russia in the Legatum Prosperity Index was lower than Cambodia and Honduras Outsiders of the prosperity scale are Asian and African countries with an unstable political and economic situation: Pakistan, Burundi, Angola, Mauritania, Iraq, Chad, Congo, Sudan, Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Yemen.
Realization of a person or his potential is one of the criteria in assessing the level of prosperity of a country Henley & Partners proposes to rate countries by the Quality of Nationality Index (QNI). It is derived from internal (stability and development of the economy, social security, education, business conditions, the presence of military conflicts) and external indicators (attitude towards migrants, visa-free entry for citizens to other countries). In the latest ranking, 159 countries were rated. The best state of 2017, according to Henley & Partners, is Germany. The highest scores were also received by France, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain. The United States is not even included in the top twenty citizenships, but occupies the 28th line. Russia ranks 63rd, down 3 points from the previous rating.
At the bottom of the list are the same countries that became outsiders in the Prosperity Index from the Legatum Prosperity Index, plus the Syrian Republic and Ethiopia.
By GDP level
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a harder indicator when compared to the Prosperity Index.
GDP is the most important economic criterion; it is equal to the final cost of everything that is produced in the country during the year. The authoritative source of GDP data is the World Bank World Development Indicators, which receives information from national statistics offices. It is customary to calculate the GDP indicator in US dollars at the official exchange rates.
GDP level is one of the main indicators in the global economy The leader in 2017 in terms of GDP was the United States, with a figure of $ 19,284.99 billion. China is in second place (12,263.43 billion), in third - Japan (4,513.75 billion). The top ten includes Germany, Great Britain, France, India, Italy, Brazil, Canada. Russia, with a significant increase of 134 billion, climbed to 12th place, overtaking Australia.
GDP per capita
The GDP level is compared without taking into account the number of the population. But there is a ranking of countries in which both indicators are taken into account. By dividing the resulting GDP by all residents of the country, the welfare of the citizens is calculated. This means that the state can invest more in social programs, amenities, and the environment. However, one should not think that the standard of living of a particular person depends on the size of the gross product.
Luxembourg is the wealthiest country in the world In 2017, Luxembourg holds the palm in terms of GDP per capita. This tiny country has earned 108 thousand dollars per inhabitant. Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Macau are not far behind the leaders. The top ten richest countries are Qatar, USA, Ireland, Denmark, Australia.
Russia occupies only 67th place in this indicator, behind Grenada, Romania, Turkey and Lebanon.
The laggards are predominantly African states.
Outsiders in the GDP per capita ranking - African countries Inflation
The inflation rating is compiled annually based on data from the International Monetary Fund and national statistical offices. The top-most positions in it are occupied by the countries where prices rose the most. In 2017, the leader of the inflationary race is Venezuela. There is a rampant and fantastic rise in prices, they added more than 2,000 percent over the year.
In Venezuela, inflation depreciated money so much that they began to weigh it Yemen, Argentina, Angola, Nigeria are also in the top five. But in these countries, inflation is kept at the level of 12-20%. The Republic of Belarus lagged behind them a little, its indicator is 11%.
Russia in 2017 managed to moderate its pricing policy. According to official information, inflation was only 6%. And in the world ranking, the country is in 39th place.
The list is closed by prosperous and economically stable states - Spain and Switzerland. Brunei and Ecuador showed zero inflation, and life in Senegal, according to these data, even became cheaper.
Unemployment rate
The International Labor Organization defines the term “unemployed”. It is considered a person who is not working at the moment, but may and would like to work. The level for this indicator is calculated as a percentage by the ratio of the number of the working-age population and those who are looking for work. The countries with the highest number of unemployed are at the top of the list. For example, in South Africa, the leader of the 2017 ranking, 28 out of 100 people cannot find a job. In Venezuela, 26 people out of every hundred want but cannot find employment.
Even relatively wealthy countries are experiencing high unemployment rates Russia, with an indicator of 5.5, occupies a position in the middle of the rating. The same unemployment rate is in Panama, the Dominican Republic and Fiji. And in prosperous Spain every tenth able-bodied person cannot find a job.
The minimum unemployment rate in Thailand and Belarus By area
The rating, which reflects the area of countries, has hardly changed in recent years. There were many changes at the end of the last century. After the parade of sovereignties, the collapse of the socialist republics, the political map of the world has changed. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union did not affect the primacy of the Russian Federation in the ranking of the size of the territory. Previously, it was 1 / 6th of the land, now - a quarter. But Russia remains the largest country on Earth, significantly surpassing its closest neighbors in terms of rating - China, the United States, Canada and Brazil. At the opposite end of the list is Monaco.
By population
Another consistent ranking compares countries by population. According to this indicator, no one manages to overtake China and India. Despite the restraining demographic policy, in these countries several million people are added to the billion and a half each year. By the way, the third most populous power is the United States. But only 325 million live there. Russia is only ninth in this ranking, and Mexico is in 10th place.
The most populous country is China Rounding out the list are tiny, small, but well-known countries - Monaco, Liechtenstein and San Marino - with their 30-40 thousand inhabitants. And at the very end, exotic and very few people are familiar with Palau, Nauru, Tuvalu, where 10-20 thousand people live.
By population density
Population density is derived from two indicators. This is the number of inhabitants of the country divided by the area of the state. By performing a simple arithmetic operation, you can find out how many people live in one square kilometer. Of course, this figure will be conditional. In different regions of the same country, the population density differs several times. For example, compare the European part of Russia and the Far East.
The smaller the territory of the country, the more people there are per 1 square kilometer The most densely populated countries in the world are Macau and Monaco, where 20 thousand people live per square kilometer. And in Mongolia, which is at the bottom of the rating, only 2 people share a kilometer. Russia can be classified as a sparsely populated country, its indicator is 9 people per 100 hectares.
Countries where they like to drink
The World Health Organization (WHO) released a report on alcohol consumption in 2017. Particular emphasis was placed on the top ten countries, the population of which drinks the maximum amount of alcohol per year. The leader of this group has changed. A year earlier, Belarus started the list, and now Lithuania, whose inhabitants drink 16 liters of alcohol a year. Moreover, the entire population over 15 years old is taken into account. Belarus, where they consume 15 liters of alcohol each, has moved to second place. The third place was taken by Latvia, whose inhabitants are satisfied with 13 liters of alcohol a year.
In 2016, Russia took 4th term in the ranking of the most drinking countries in the world The Russian Federation, contrary to our opinion, is far from the most “consuming” country. She and Poland were only in fourth place. The Russians have slightly lowered the "drinking" rating, while the Poles have raised it. Both of them drink an average of 12 liters of alcohol during the year.
Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Australia are among the top ten alcohol lovers. In this club and South Korea, it has become the most drinking Asian country.
South Koreans indulge in alcohol And the least popular are alcoholic beverages in countries where the population is Muslim. The biggest teetotalers are residents of Pakistan and Kuwait. They drink about 100 ml of alcohol a year, which is about a bottle of weak wine.
By the level of corruption
It is not easy to assess the level of corruption in different countries. There are no official data on this indicator. Therefore, analysts build a rating based on the opinions of businessmen, independent specialists and ordinary people.
The level of corruption is not measured by statistical services There is no 100% absence of corruption anywhere. At the beginning of the list are countries where there are few corrupt officials, at the end - the most "bribe-intensive" states. New Zealand, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Switzerland are recognized as the cleanest from this scourge. The Russian Federation is 132 out of 175, the closest neighbors are Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The largest number of corrupt officials is in North Korea, South Sudan and Somalia. There, judging by the rating, you can't take a step without a bribe.
Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine are recognized as some of the most corrupt countries Happiness rating
Since 2012, at the initiative of the UN, research has been carried out on the achievements aimed at creating conditions for universal happiness. The country's position in the international happiness ranking is determined by a number of statistical criteria: the size of the gross product per capita, life expectancy, respect for rights and freedoms, stability and confidence in the future, unemployment and corruption. In addition, data from surveys to determine the degree of trust and generosity of citizens are taken into account. The respondents are also asked to rate their feeling of happiness according to a certain gradation.
Sociologists and statisticians have learned to measure the level of happiness The 2017 happiness ranking includes 155 countries. The happiest people on the planet are the Norwegians. Denmark, the leader of the past year, took 2nd place. Iceland, Switzerland, Finland are next. Residents of the Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand, Australia and Sweden also entered the TOP-10 lucky ones. But citizens of many large and economically wealthy states do not enjoy life so actively.
Everyone's happiness doesn't depend on ratings The USA took only 14th place, Germany - 16th. The British were ranked 19th on the happiness index, the Brazilians were 22nd, the cheerful French were only on the 31st line. Emotional Italians turned 48. Behind them are the Russians, then Belize and Japan. China is in the middle of the ranking - at 79th position.
Video: the happiest country - Norway
Life span
Life Expectancy Index is one of the main criteria of world statistics. It shows the socio-demographic situation in the states and the world. It is not an easy age at which, on average, people die. Scientists consider the index as the number of years that a person of a certain generation will conditionally live if the mortality rate remains unchanged.
Average life expectancy in Russia approached world indicators This indicator characterizes not only demography, but also many other aspects affecting life expectancy: economic development, the level of health care, the degree of education and sanitary culture of the population. The prospects for the development of society depend on the growth or decline of the life expectancy index.
The Life Expectancy Index, calculated according to the UN methodology, is derived from data from national statistical offices. The ranking is published annually, but the report uses information from previous years. The rating compiled on the basis of data for 2016 is currently up to date. The leaders in this indicator are Hong Kong (life expectancy index - 84), Japan (83.5), Italy (83.1), Singapore (83.0), Switzerland (83.0). Iceland and Spain are in the top ten countries of long-livers, where the index is 82.6, Australia and Israel (82.4), France - 82.2.
The Japanese are recognized long-livers, they are friends with physical education even in retirement The lower positions in the list are occupied by African countries. There, life expectancy ranges from 55 to 49 years.
Russia has been consistently improving its position in the rating lately. Now it is in 116th place with an index of 70.1.
World average life expectancy - 71 years But in the rating of average life expectancy, which was presented by the World Health Organization (WHO), Russians climbed even higher, by 110th position, approaching the global indicator. And the group of ten leading countries, according to the WHO, looks somewhat different. The first place is occupied by Japan. And instead of Hong Kong and Singapore - Germany and Sweden. But the outsider company looks almost the same.
By road quality
The report, prepared for the World Economic Forum, provides a ranking of countries assessing the quality of roads in 2017. The list includes 138 states. It is opened by the roads of the United Arab Emirates, the second place went to the highways of Singapore, the third to Hong Kong. Top ten autobahns in the Netherlands, Japan, France, Switzerland, Austria, Portugal, Denmark. The USA and Germany fell slightly short of the leaders' positions, they are in 13th and 16th positions, respectively.
Japanese highways are some of the best in the world The former Soviet republics - Lithuania, Estonia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Georgia, Armenia, Latvia - are in the middle of the rating, they entered the first hundred. Kazakhstan is already beyond its borders. And the Russian off-road, according to experts, is not the worst, but close to it. Russian broken highways, according to experts, deserve 123 places out of 138.
Even more pits and bumps are bypassed by motorists in Moldova and Ukraine, they took 132nd and 133rd places. And the roads are very bad in Madagascar, only a little better in the Congo. These countries are located on the bottom lines of the road rating.
On the island of Madagascar, the roads are the worst in the world On gold and foreign exchange reserves
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has released an update on international reserves. This rating reflects the value of government assets in securities, currencies and gold (bullion and coins). The size of the gold and foreign exchange reserve is usually determined in US dollars.
The largest gold and foreign exchange reserves are concentrated in China According to data for May 2017, the People's Republic of China has the largest reserve in the world, its capital was estimated at $ 3,344.7 billion. Japan has 1318.3 billion.Switzerland has accumulated 765.0 billion, Saudi Arabia - 514. Taiwan closes the five richest countries, its reserve - 433.0 billion.Russia with a capital of 405.1 takes the 7th position in the ranking, between Hong Kong and South Korea. India closes the top ten richest countries.
The United States is only 21 positions. The gold and foreign exchange reserves of the EU countries are often assessed in aggregate. In the piggy bank of the united Europe there are 745.9 billion dollars. And the most prosperous country is Germany.
Human development index
The Human Development Index is a multi-component indicator that was developed by UN specialists in 1990. According to researchers, it most fully shows the quality of life in different countries and the dynamics of the development of their citizens. The index takes into account the well-being of society, respect for human rights and social justice. The calculation is carried out in three directions:
- health and life expectancy;
- availability of education;
- gross national income and purchasing power.
It is based on official data provided by government departments. To clarify the human potential index, new criteria are introduced. For example, indices of gender inequality and multidimensional poverty.
Countries are ranked according to the Human Development Index, and then divided into 4 groups according to the value of the indicator. The last rating was compiled in 2016, it includes 190 states and territories.
There are 49 countries in the group with the highest human development index. Norway opens the rating, Australia, Switzerland, Denmark and the Netherlands are also in the top five. USA in 8th place. In the same group, almost all members of the European Union, including the Baltic troika of immigrants from the USSR.
Norway is not only the happiest country, it also received the highest score in human development. The second group consists of countries with a high level of human potential. The first position is taken by Russia and Belarus. There are also some former Soviet republics, China, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey.
In the third group are states with an average index. At the top of the list are Botswana, Moldova, Egypt, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. India, Honduras, Vietnam, Cambodia and Syria are in the same company.
Pakistan scored the lowest in human development rankings because its government does little to make the country's children successful. In the group with a low human potential index, there are predominantly African countries, as well as Pakistan, Nepal and Afghanistan.
Share with your friends!Since 1990, the United Nations has published a report on the quality of human life in various countries of the world. It presents the rating of countries according to the Human Development Index, which is also called the rating of the countries of the world in terms of the quality of life of the population.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is an aggregate indicator of the level of human development in a particular country, therefore it is sometimes used as a synonym for concepts such as “quality of life” or “standard of living”. It measures the achievements of countries in terms of health status, education, and actual income of their citizens.
In the ranking of the countries of the world by the standard of living of the population - 2103, compiled by the UN, states are divided into several groups: countries with a very high, high, medium and low level of the human development index. There are also those who were not included in the rating due to the lack of reliable statistics. In 2013, these countries were: South Sudan, North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco and others.
The top -RF .ru portal presents ...
Countries with a very high Human Development Index
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Australia |
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United States of America |
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Countries with a high Human Development Index
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United Arab Emirates |
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Portugal |
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Antigua and Barbuda |
Source: hdr.undp.org/en/2013-report
Many people like to travel the world in order to see with their own eyes not only the famous monuments of architecture and art, but also the life of completely different people. How is it for Americans, Italians or New Zealanders? Better than us, or vice versa? After all, probably everyone dreams of living where it is good?
Thus, the scientists of The Legatum Institute have compiled a rating of countries in terms of living standards and prosperity based not only on digital indicators (climatic, economic, environmental, etc.), but also taking into account the opinions of residents of the countries obtained as a result of surveys. The latter revealed such important criteria as social life in the country, comfort of living, attitude of residents towards foreigners, freedom of movement and business, and many others.
So, below are the countries with a high standard of living, which occupy the first fifteen positions in the ranking.
15. Austria
This country ranks fifteenth in the ranking. Nevertheless, it is here that the highest level of education in the whole world. Thus, more than 80% of Austrian citizens aged 25 to 65 have at least secondary education. In addition, the people of the country are known for their strong sense of community. More than 90% believe that in difficult times they will be able to rely on someone from their fellow countrymen.
The average income of an Austrian family is 28 852 thousand dollars a year.
14. Germany
The Germans are one position higher. As you know, they are hardworking people. There is practically no population here, there is no unemployment. About 80% of citizens aged 15 to 65 are employed in paid positions.
In Germany, the figure is quite high (81 years). And the average earnings are 30,721 thousand dollars a year.
In addition, polls have shown that 75% of Germans experience much more positive emotions (such as joy, pride in their achievements, a sense of calmness, etc.) than negative ones per day.
13. Iceland
Iceland was previously ranked twelfth (2012 ranking of countries in terms of living standards). However, today its indicators have deteriorated somewhat. Despite this, the country is thriving and is considered one of the best places for a comfortable life. Ecology of Iceland is at a very high level. A huge number of forests have been preserved here, and therefore, citizens breathe clean air.
The median income of an Icelandic family is $ 23,047 per person.
12. Ireland
The Irish are renowned for their friendliness and good humor. They are all “one big family” and can rely on each other in difficult situations. And also do not forget to work and build their personal life. For example, Ireland scored the most in the “work-life balance” category.
The average income of the population is 24,104 US dollars per year (per person).
11. United States of America
Unlike in previous years, the United States lost ground, and today it no longer reaches the tenth place in the ranking. However, Americans have the best scores in the safety and housing categories. And also the world's highest average per capita income - 38,001 thousand dollars a year.
10. Luxembourg
Luxembourg opens the top ten. The country received the highest indicators in the categories "ecology" and "health care" (the level of air pollution here is within PM10). In addition, it is distinguished by a high indicator of life expectancy - 81 years. Luxembourg citizens are confident in the future, are satisfied with politics and actively participate in elections (91% of the country).
Average salary is 23,047 thousand US dollars per year.
9. Netherlands
Holland has the least workforce - only 1,379 hours a year. However, the average income here is much higher than in other countries - 25 493 thousand dollars a year. The country also received a large number of points for general education programs.
8. Finland
Finland has a very high level of education and knowledge in general. For example, the average Finnish student scored 543 points in mathematics, literacy and science. These are very high rates. According to polls, more than 80% of Finns are satisfied with their standard of living.
The average income of each family member here is 25,739 thousand dollars.
7. Australia
Over the years, the country's performance has fallen sharply. So, from third place (ranking of countries in terms of living standards, compiled in 2012) Australia moved to seventh.
However, there are still high rates in such categories as “housing conditions”, “health care”, “civic engagement”. All this makes the continental state one of the most comfortable and happy countries.
Life expectancy is 82 years, and income is 28 884 thousand dollars per year.
6. Denmark
The country has the best in the category of “life satisfaction”: 90% of citizens are happy and experience a lot of positive emotions every day. High indicators and in the rating "balance between personal life and work". The Danes have time for everything.
Average annual earnings are 24,682 thousand dollars.
5. New Zealand
The country is actively using renewable energy sources. Much more often than in other countries. There is a high level of knowledge in the field of natural sciences and humanities. By the way, the results of knowledge tests are higher for women than for men.
Median annual income is $ 21,892.
4. Sweden
High level of education: 90% of the population have a secondary education diploma. High level of ecology: the cleanest air and drinking water. Median income is $ 26,242.
3. Canada
There are a lot of emigrants here, which speaks of a high standard of living. After all, if it were bad, no one would go to Canada. Education, health care and ecology are at the highest level. But the crime rate here is very low, so many emigrate here for the sake of peace and safety. The country has a high level of social support and is quite good. For example, the average is $ 38,194 per year.
2. Switzerland
Almost all indicators of the country's well-being are very high. This also applies to the level of education, and life expectancy, and the quality of housing conditions, health care and others. Excellent performance in OECD general education programs. High life expectancy. There is no unemployment or crime. The average income of the population is $ 30,060 per year.
1. Norway
So, Norway tops the ranking of countries in terms of living standards. The country received the first place due to its social and economic indicators. And also based on the results of the assessment of natural resources. So, 5% of the entire territory of the country is occupied by transparent and clean water bodies, 23% - by vast forests, the fauna of which is under reliable protection.
Norway has not only a favorable ecological situation, but also the highest standard of living. The country guarantees reliable and safe public transport, postal services, land and air traffic. There are no power supply problems here. High quality of the provided housing, and at quite affordable prices. Average income is $ 31,459 per year.
Unfortunately, Russia is not even included in the top twenty in the world. Our state occupies only 61 positions in the rating. The main problem, according to polls, is security. More than half of the respondents are afraid to be outside at night.
The situation in the world community changes almost every minute: new players appear, old ones disappear. In relation to this, the standard of living in the countries of the world can also be periodically adjusted, according to the 2018 rating, which is monitored not only by leading agencies and information processing centers, but also by ordinary citizens. More details about this will be discussed later.
Europe
The list of countries with a high level of development is determined by various indicators, including:
- life expectancy;
- accommodations;
- nutritional level;
- education, culture;
- provision of jobs;
- social security;
- rights and freedoms;
- development of transport;
- ability to purchase goods.
Switzerland
Leadership among the best is rightfully given to Switzerland. She periodically attracts the attention of sociological centers and independent agencies, giving an overall assessment of the living conditions of a person. The country has a high level of security for citizens, life expectancy is 83 years.
Netherlands
A permanent participant in the pan-European and world rankings, this applicant attracts immigrants with the opportunity to live, study or work with maximum convenience. The indigenous Dutch are considered the tallest in the world; several religious denominations peacefully coexist in the kingdom. The infrastructure is well developed, special attention is paid to the relationship between employers and employees, as well as social benefits, living conditions of citizens.
France
The French Republic occupies a stable position in the top 10 countries in the world. Having gone through turbulent times of revolutions and separation of colonies, France is showing all the signs of sustainable economic development, and is still quite loyal to foreigners. In the French vocabulary, there is no term "national minority", all citizens of the republic are equal in their rights, regardless of skin color and origin.
Austria
Modern Austria became famous not only for Viennese coffee and Strauss waltzes: along with other leaders, it is included in the list of the richest powers, is a permanent member of the UN and the EU. Foreign policy is based on neutrality (enshrined in legislation). The share in the contribution to the EU economy is 2.5%.
The Austrians manage to intelligently combine a developed industry with an agricultural industry; tourism is another source of budget revenues. Most preschool institutions operate free of charge.
Sweden
More than 10 million people live in Sweden; in terms of territory, it took 5th place among other European powers. The Swedes support the Schengen Agreement, more than 50 well-known companies are successfully operating in the country - ABB, Atlas Copco, Oriflame, Saab, Scania, Volvo, Ericsson, TELE2, AB Electrolux. This means a favorable business environment.
The country has high taxes, they form up to 0.6 of the total gross domestic product. Men live, on average, up to 78.6, women - up to 83.3 years. Up to 5% of GDP goes to education from the budget; it is compulsory for all children.
Germany
When discussing the advantages and disadvantages of living in European countries, it is impossible to miss Germany. According to experts, Germany is in fact the locomotive of the EU, "pulling" on itself a large part of the Union's economy. Occupying 62 points in area, the Federal Republic of Germany is one of the second most populous states in Europe.
In the rating of exporters and importers of goods, it has an honorable 3rd place. In terms of the degree of development of social security, the standard of living, Germany entered the 5 world leaders (2017 data). Free higher education is supported in Germany; it is very popular among those wishing to go abroad.
The whole world
The list of world countries with the best living standards and conditions includes the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, and Great Britain.
Canada
The union of 2 official languages and many cultures, the second largest in the world in terms of area, Canada belongs to the steadily developing states. It is one of the initiating members of the creation of the Alliance, and participates in almost all UN missions. It has a developed armed forces, is a member of the G7 and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Combines the agricultural industry and heavy engineering, metallurgy, creates favorable conditions for newcomers - "new Canadians", allowing them to quickly assimilate in an unfamiliar environment.
USA
The states are very close in spirit to their neighbor, Canada, and have many common cultural and economic ties with it. America is very supportive of immigrants, offering them business, study and leisure opportunities. The United States influences the global economy and most political events remain a major player on the world map. Their power is based on a well-developed infrastructure, an extensive network of roads and railways, as well as a large number of airfields.
Important. The average life expectancy of Americans - at 79.8 years, the most serious problem for the health authorities is obesity and related diseases.
Great Britain
Once a superpower, Britain could become a second home for most people wanting to leave Russia. Despite some problems in relations between Catholics and Protestants, complemented by the growing desire of the British to leave the EU, the United Kingdom maintains its position as a stable, economically independent, wealthy country.
Great Britain is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, G7, G20, NATO, OSCE, has a combat-ready and developed army participating in joint peacekeeping operations. The rich cultural heritage attracts tourists and travelers. The rise in unemployment and poverty is somewhat alarming.
Australia
The green continent has long ceased to be a place of exile for convicts: the country is extremely attractive for settlers, it has very clean air and favorable living conditions. The 6th place in the world in terms of GDP, 13th - in terms of the degree of economic development - eloquently testify to its success.
The main priorities of the Australian Union are health care, education, freedom, including economic, concern for the observance of human rights.
Japan
The island state of Asia boggles the imagination with the development of technology, automation and support for entrepreneurship. Japan is an equal member of world communities, G8, economic unions of Asian countries. The government is investing in the humanitarian sphere and protecting the environment from human influence.
The Land of the Rising Sun organically combines ancient cultural traditions, ultra-modern robots and efficient infrastructure.
Important. Among the foreign languages in which the Japanese are interested, in addition to English, Russian stands out: several thousand students are graduated annually, fluent in Russian.
Comparison table with Russia
In conclusion, a comparison of the indicators of the Russian Federation with other powers.
Conclusion
Russia (26th place) in terms of quality of life in the generalized list is slightly inferior to India (25th place). Such a low rating is associated with the conflicting assessments of Western respondents on the level of power and influence of the Russian Federation. The presence of a developed economy, a centuries-old culture, large volumes of supplies of weapons are noted (2nd position after America). The growing role of Russia in the world community, its participation in summits and international organizations is stated.
The standard of living rating is an indicator that immigrants are guided by when choosing a country for permanent residence. However, this is very ambiguous data, since some conditions are created for the indigenous people, and different conditions for migrants and temporarily arriving in the territory of the state. Therefore, today there are two main tops of the best states: in terms of living standards and for migration. We present to your attention an overview of the best countries in all respects ,.
If we talk about the standard of living around the world in general, it's like calculating the average temperature in a hospital: there are patients with fever, there are healthy ones, and there is a morgue. It also happens with the world level of well-being: there is Norway and Australia, there is Russia, and there is Congo and Chad. In general, everything is good. To avoid empty phrases, we bring to your attention a summary table of the standard of living, based on the statistics of social institutions and world-renowned organizations.
| 15 | Europe | Austria | Vein |
| 14 | Europe | Denmark | Copenhagen |
| 13 | Europe | Great Britain | London |
| 12 | Europe | France | Paris |
| 11 | Europe | Switzerland | Berne |
| 10 | Europe | Finland | Helsinki |
| 9 | Asia | Japan | Tokyo |
| 8 | Europe | Netherlands | Amsterdam |
| 7 | Europe | Iceland | Reykjavik |
| 6 | North America | USA | Washington |
| 5 | Australia and Oceania | Australia | Canberra |
| 4 | Europe | Belgium | Brussels |
| 3 | North America | Canada | Ottawa |
| 2 | Europe | Stockholm | |
| 1 | Europe | Norway | Oslo |
The crisis today: in Russia or around the world
The consequences of the 2008-2011 crisis are becoming less noticeable.
living standards in Russia
In all countries of the world, well-being is returning to its former positions. Some people find it easier, others make serious efforts. Nevertheless, the statistics of 2018 showed that the number of unemployed is declining, the economies of countries are normalizing, and consumer opportunities are increasing. So it was in Russia, however, the past years have seriously changed plans for a comfortable future.
OPEC is using its levers of influence on the global economy, new players are emerging in the oil market, and a number of countries are announcing sanctions against Russia. Thus, the country in 2019 finds itself in a difficult economic situation, since the national currency is seriously weakened, and the financial institutions of the Central Bank and the Ministry of Finance are unable to make independent decisions, being under the serious influence of the government. 
At the same time, as statistics show, most countries are not affected by the crisis, which is developing in Russia according to a rapid scenario. The world economy is fairly stable. This is also demonstrated by one of the main indicators - the level of employment of the population.
In the second quarter of 2018, more than 200 million people were unemployed worldwide. These are not the only statistics. The structure of employment has changed significantly after the crisis.
The number of specialists who work officially and on a permanent basis has significantly decreased - long-term contracts and staff cooperation.
A significant number of people went to the informal sector: without registration, paying taxes, social benefits - self-employment has also become popular. Along with informal employment, the number of employers who invite specialists for short-term or temporary contracts has significantly increased. 
With the change in the structure of employment, wages have also changed. Only a quarter of the workers who remained employed in the formal permanent sector maintained their wages. Their colleagues in the same specialties and with similar work experience are organized informally. The difference in salaries reaches 45–65%.
Characteristics of countries in terms of living standards
All the states that were included in the 2019 ranking of the best countries to live in during and after the crisis actively used their strengths and hidden opportunities. That is why they managed to survive the difficult times in the economy with dignity and to get back on their feet relatively quickly. It is now one of the richest countries in the world. What helped each of them?
Gallery Grand Rue in Luxembourg
Supermarket in Toronto
Even with the onset of the crisis, it did not tighten the entry legislation. Moreover, social programs and the health care system have secured a leading position in the OECD rankings;
Antique shop in Sweden
Table 2: Top 15 Countries with the Best Conditions for Emigration
| 15 | Africa | South Africa | Pretoria |
| 14 | Australia and Oceania | New Zealand | Wellington |
| 13 | Asia | Qatar | Doha |
| 12 | North America | USA | Washington |
| 11 | Asia | Turkey | Ankara |
| 10 | Asia | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| 9 | Asia | UAE | Abu Dhabi |
| 8 | Europe | Belgium | Brussels |
| 7 | Europe | Russia | Moscow |
| 6 | North America | Canada | Ottawa |
| 5 | Australia and Oceania | Australia | Canberra |
| 4 | Central America | Cayman islands | Georgetown |
| 3 | Asia | Singapore | Singapore |
| 2 | Europe | Germany | Berlin |
| 1 | Asia | China | Beijing |
Characteristics of 10 countries with the best conditions for emigration
This is an international ranking for 2018, so Russia also took part in a secret competition. Scientists from the UK, compiling the annual HSBC top, that is, identifying the most attractive countries for professional migrants, assessed the applicant states in several positions.
In particular, the following were evaluated:
- The economic situation in the country;
- Conditions and opportunities for raising children;
- Availability of social programs and medical services;
- Infrastructure level and availability;
- Safety and crime rate.
They also took into account the assessments by immigrants themselves of the level of life satisfaction, ease of adaptation and opening up opportunities. Foreigners, in search of better living conditions, also pay attention to Russia.
Our state in 2018 turned out to be quite attractive for new citizens: it entered the top ten of the rating and occupies the seventh line, slightly behind Canada, but bypassing Belgium. True, these assessments were influenced by the fact that the overwhelming majority of emigrants to Russia came from the former USSR countries: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Belarus, Ukraine, where hostilities are taking place and others, where the standard of living is even lower.
And this assessment includes, first of all, not the standard of living in our country, but simpler conditions that must be fulfilled by visiting citizens in order to stay in Russia. The system of simplified obtaining a residence permit continues to operate in 2019.
- ... Despite the fact that instead of the name of the country, the city is indicated here, this is not a mistake. The territory is becoming more and more detached and becomes independent from China, developing its economy and infrastructure.
Detailed map of Hong Kong showing cities and islands
Hong Kong even has a separate currency. Those who come here for permanent residence note the good conditions for creating a family and raising children. However, for those who are accustomed to a normalized working day and regular full days off, it will be quite difficult here;
- UAE. A very developed state with a high level of personal income and, as a result, unlimited opportunities to create a comfortable living environment. There are tremendous opportunities for raising children here, including one of the best education systems and training funding. However, a religion and mentality different from the European one becomes an obstacle for new citizens;
- Belgium. Everything is good here with general social goods. The infrastructure is well developed, everything has been done for the comfortable upbringing of children, medical services are at the European level. However, the economy and financial condition of the state leaves much to be desired. A huge plus, of course, will be a common European passport;
tram in Brussels
- Russia. Immigrants with money like it here. Those who have a good inexhaustible capital appreciate the level of medical services and the educational sphere. In general, I like the country because of the extensive leisure opportunities, social life and interesting local people. But Russian cuisine, oddly enough, evokes more negative emotions than positive;
- Canada. The prosperity of the country is noticeably higher than in Russia. Hence, the best estimates for such indicators as social life, medicine and education. But the professional working conditions, career opportunities, the balance between working time and personal life are at the same level as in Russia;
- Australia. dissatisfied with only one thing: the public transport system. If not for this indicator, which does not satisfy visitors at all, the country could have entered the top three.
Opera House Sydney
There is such a high standard of living, which is supported by very friendly locals, excellent weather conditions and excellent cuisine, that few people want to leave this country;
- Cayman islands. You have to pay for the exotic. Therefore, the main disadvantage of living in the Cayman Islands is its high cost. Food is expensive, real estate is very expensive. But everything else remains without claims: good salaries, high income even after tax. And, given the small amount of transport, there are almost no traffic jams, and the locals are very friendly;
- ... Opens the top three in the rating. Everything is possible here, but this “everything” will be very expensive. Those who are not intimidated by this are doing well in their new homeland. A country of great opportunities, with great career prospects, however, because of this, the line between work and personal time is seriously blurred.
Panoramic view of the business district in Singapore
Opportunities for raising children, education, social conditions - at a height, but for the appropriate money;
- Germany. A strong state with a stable economy. Iron state guarantees and social programs. It is a pleasure to live and raise children here. But this is only for those who managed to get a well-paid job. very high, therefore this parameter is usually referred to as significant disadvantages;
- ... The undisputed winner of the top, although very specific. The country will now experience an economic upsurge, excellent working conditions are provided for highly qualified migrants, specialists from various fields are appreciated. Visitors appreciate the culture, cuisine and a penchant for a healthy lifestyle, including active sports. For a European, the features of the communist system, namely censorship in the media and the Internet, can become serious obstacles.
For those who are interested in the questions, it will be useful to look at the rating of the European Commission for 2018. In total, the top consists of 20 positions. The three leaders are Sweden and Belgium, the top ten closes, and the second opens. The last three positions are occupied by the Czech Republic, Estonia and Lithuania.